Seven months after their cubs entered, they should eat deep-sea fish to supplement DHA, and cod with less thorns and tender flesh became the first choice of the old mother Sisi. Don't look at it, there is even a difference between whiting and fake, coupled with the neighboring countries dumping nuclear wastewater into the sea, how should the cod entered by this baby choose? To this end, Sisi consulted a large amount of literature data and completed this "out-of-the-box bag", hoping to help you in front of the screen.
Instructions for use: "Reach out" includes a "too long to look at the map" and a detailed guide text, a diagram to explain a thousand worries, a text to answer a thousand questions, the choice of the king
Pay attention to the public number: The institute of turtle mothers, every day to improve a little bit
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" >Part 1: The standard for good cod is high DHA, low EPA, low mercury, and low sodium</h1>
Before choosing seafood, we first have to determine the selection criteria.
Basically, the purpose of moms and dads choosing seafood is to supplement DHA for their babies and promote brain development. But in fact, in addition to DHA, there are also ingredients called ARA and EPA that also affect growth and development.
DHA in Omega-3 and ARA in Omega-6 are important components of the baby's brain and retina, playing a key role in brain, vision, muscle, immune development, in view of the body's inability to synthesize DHA and ARA, babies need to obtain through breast milk (mother's consumption of seafood), formula milk and complementary foods.
ARA/AA: Arachidonic acid, a type of Omega-6. An important substance for the development of the brain and optic nerves, it can improve the intelligence of infants, enhance visual acuity and immunity.
DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid, a type of Omega-3, is the most abundant component in the brain and retina, which can promote the development of the central nervous system and visual function in infants.
EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid, a type of Omega-3, can regulate blood lipids, reduce blood viscosity, prevent blood clots and lower blood pressure, reduce inflammation and allergic reactions.
Since EPA is a competitive inhibitor of ARA, the increase in EPA will lead to a decrease in ARA, which is not conducive to infant development, so when choosing seafood and supplements, EPA content is best kept as low as possible to reduce negative effects.
According to the opinions of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Uk Food Standards Council, and related literature (Davidson, E. A., Pickens, C. A., & Fenton, J. I., and Sears Barry), the coenzyme (delta5 desaturase/d5d) required for ARA synthesis decreases as EPA increases, resulting in a decrease in ARA.
In addition, mercury and sodium need to be considered. The developing brain is more sensitive to the toxic effects of methylmercury, high mercury intake can lead to brain damage, and a high-sodium diet will cause the baby's blood pressure to rise, increase the liver and kidney burden, affect calcium absorption, and are not conducive to infant growth and development.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="10" >Part 2: Add egg yolks and high-speed rail rice flour without allergies</h1>
Cod as a type of white meat, added sequentially after the yolks, before the red meat. Allergic reactions to white meat are generally smaller than those in red meat.
White meat: fish, shrimp, shellfish, chicken, duck, vegetable (soybeans)
Red meat: pork, beef, lamb, venison, rabbit
Basically at 7 to 8 months, when your baby has tried egg yolks and high-iron rice flour and there is no allergic reaction, they can be tried.
In addition, to avoid exceeding the overall mercury content. Cod can be consumed 1 to 2 times a week when the total amount of seafood consumed per week is less than 56 grams, and when the total amount of seafood consumed per week is higher than 56 grams, it is not recommended to eat many common seafood, including cod.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommend that when the total amount of seafood consumed per week is higher than 56 grams, children should only cook and eat flounder (such as flatfish), salmon, tilapia, shrimp, catfish, crabs, trout, haddock, oysters, sardines, squid, squid, mackerel, crayfish, mullet, scallops, cod, clams, American herring, and Atlantic mackerel.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="16" >Part 3: Preferably fish neck meat, remove skin, internal organs, bone, spines and heat up sufficiently</h1>
How to choose: Fish neck meat is preferred over mid-section meat, unless your baby needs to gain weight. Fish neck meat is a part of the fish that is often active, so it has less fat content. The middle meat is more fat and fish oil, and excessive intake can cause obesity or diarrhea in the baby.
How to deal with it: Due to enrichment, the skin and internal organs of deep-sea fish may retain toxins, so the fish meat should be peeled and de-visceral when handling the fish. In addition, in order to avoid the risk of scratches and suffocation of the baby's esophagus, the fish meat should be used at the same time to remove the fish bones and fish bones.
How to remove fishy: Put lemon juice or ginger to remove fishy before cooking, and remove when cooking.
How to cook: The first attempt should be consumed with other vegetables that have been tried to reduce the risk of allergies. The cooking process is sufficiently heated to kill the parasites, and the first attempt can be cooked and pureed, and other methods are gradually explored later.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="21" >Part 4: Atlantic cod is not affected by nuclear wastewater, low EPA and sodium content, is the most preferred</h1>
After talking about the standards of intact cod, when to eat it, and how to cook it, let's talk about what kind of cod to eat.
The products on the market that call themselves "cod" are complex, such as real cod, silver cod, black cod, narrow cod, etc., and the price difference is also very large, ranging from a few yuan to hundreds of yuan. Some merchants even sell harmful oil fish as cod, and even Ma Yili has been tricked:
So what is real cod?
First, let's take a quick look at the basic taxonomy of organisms. Each creature on Earth belongs in the form of phylum, order, family, genus, and species, which can be simply and crudely understood as the > > order> family> genus > species, and the former includes the latter.
The first occurrence of the word "cod" is classified in the order Cod, mostly cold-water or deep-sea demersal fish, named because their flesh is as white as snow. Cods contain a total of 10 families and 83 genera and 618 species, of which only 3 "cod-cod-cod" are the real cod, and their Chinese names are Atlantic cod, Pacific cod, and yellow-lined cod (knocking on the blackboard, which is the focus). The remaining 615 species of fish in the order Cod are at best distant relatives of cod, looking a bit like, but not a family.
Let's start with three species of real cod.
As the name suggests, the Atlantic cod is mainly distributed in the northern Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, and its main production areas are Norway, Iceland and the Arctic.
Pacific cod is distributed in the northwest pacific ocean and the yellow sea and the north of the East China Sea, and the one produced in China is called bighead cod, mostly used as feed. There is also a species of Greenland cod, which is classified as Pacific cod in terms of biological genes, and the production is very small, almost non-existent on the market, so the green cod that can be bought is basically impersonated cod and other fish.
Yellow-lined cod is distributed in the northern Pacific Ocean, the east coast of the Korean Peninsula and the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk and the Periphery of the Bering Sea, the central Part of California and other seas, the largest density in the Bering Sea, also known as Alaskan cod, Koreans called Mingtai fish.
Before the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan, for Volkswagen, the difference between The Atlantic Cod, the Pacific Cod and the Yellow Line Cod was mainly in its nutritional content, but since neighboring countries began dumping 1.2 million tons of nuclear wastewater into the Pacific, seafood in the Pacific has been the first victims of nuclear pollution. The distribution areas of the Pacific cod and the yellow-lined cod overlap almost exactly with the sea through which Japanese nuclear contaminants flow, so these two species of cod are not recommended. After comparison, Atlantic cod is the only option.
After talking about real cod, let's take a look at the common "fake cod" on the market.
There are four types of cod on the market: silver cod, black cod, haddock and oily fish. Online sales are more silver cod and black cod (naked cover fish), the price is much higher than the Atlantic cod, but the mercury content of the silver cod is three times that of the Atlantic cod, the fat content is twenty times that of the Atlantic cod, the growth range of the black cod is within the scope of The Japanese nuclear pollutants, the mercury content is also exceeded, so both are not recommended for babies. Oil fish is completely industrial raw materials, as a poisonous fish, adults and babies can not be imported.
The only fake cod that doesn't lose to real cod is haddock (note, not black cod). But unfortunately, it cannot be bought in China, and basically only appears in the European and American markets.
Silver cod: also known as French cod, Antarctic cod, Chilean sea bass (the vast majority of online stores), Antarctic canine toothfish, Merlot cod and so on. It is mainly distributed in southern Chile, Argentina and the waters of the sub-Antarctic archipelago, and belongs to the order Perciformes (not Codidae). The mercury content is three times that of Atlantic cod, and the fat content is twenty times that of Atlantic cod, which can be consumed by adults but not recommended for babies.
Black cod: Also known as bare-lid fish, it belongs to the family Blackfish (not codidae). Mainly distributed in the North Pacific Bering Sea, Alaska and other waters near the Arctic, it is not recommended for consumption within the scope of Japanese nuclear pollutants. Haddock: Haddock in the family Haddock. It is mainly distributed in the North Atlantic and cannot be bought domestically.
Oil fish: heteroscale snake essence, spiny snake essence, also known as spring water fish, round cod, imitation cod, white jade dolphin, butter fish and so on. Containing wax that is not digested by the human body, it is often used as an industrial raw material, and Japan lists it as a "poisonous fish" and prohibits its importation.
Finally, let's take a look at the nutritional content and safety of the common real and fake cod on the market.
The criteria we analyzed for good cod at the beginning were: high DHA, low EPA, low mercury, low sodium. According to the table below, we can find that the silver cod and black cod in the false cod contain nearly three times the mercury content of the Atlantic cod, which is not safe, so PASS.
Considering the pollution of nuclear wastewater in Japan, the Pacific cod and yellow-lined cod are also PASS.
In the end, only the Atlantic cod and haddock were left, although the DHA of the haddock was much higher than that of the Atlantic cod, but the EPA was ten times that of the Atlantic cod, considering that the EPA would affect the synthesis of ARA and thus be detrimental to the baby's development, and eventually the haddock was also PASS.
Therefore, the conclusion of the study is that the Atlantic cod, which originates in Iceland, Norway and the Arctic, is the best choice.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="41" >Part 5: It is recommended to buy on large platforms, check the ingredient list and confirm whether to add additional salt</h1>
Finally, let's talk about how to buy cod.
First of all, non-professionals are not recommended to go to the vegetable market to buy (so as not to buy fake cod and have no ability to identify), it is recommended to go to Jingdong, Hema, Sam, Yonghui and other large platforms and supermarkets to buy, directly search for Atlantic cod.
The price of Atlantic cod is about 15-30 yuan / 100g, and the neck meat of pure fish will be more expensive than the price of whole fish. Exceeding or significantly below 15-30 yuan / 100g need to pay attention to the specific situation of the product.
Secondly, be sure to pay attention to the ingredient list before purchasing, some products will write cod on the name, but the ingredients are silver cod (canine tooth fish) or black cod, or add other ingredients (such as other fish juice) is easy to cause allergies.
Finally, since some cod products are salted, it is best to check with customer service before purchasing whether the salt of the ingredients is the cod's own or whether it is seasoned separately.
bibliography:
[1] Evidence-based Q&A for Fish Oil: Heavy Metals? oxidation? dosage? allergic? EPA or DHA?
[2] Davidson, E. A., Pickens, C. A., & Fenton, J. I. (2018). Increasing dietary EPA and DHA influence estimated fatty acid desaturase activity in systemic organs which is reflected in the red blood cell in mice. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 69(2), 183–191.
[3] Sears Barry (2012), What Are the Real Differences Between EPA and DHA?
[4] Chef's resources: https://www.chefs-resources.com/seafood/finfish/fish-index/
[5] Health benefits: https://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/
[6] Dietary Guidelines for U.S. Residents (2020-2025)
[7] Exclusive testing | Supplementing DHA with deep-sea fish? It would be better to eat more of this fish
[8] HA review (Part 1): Why is algal oil DHA more suitable for babies than fish oil DHA?
[9] American Academy of Pediatrics Parenting Encyclopedia (0-5 years old)
[10] How big is the impact of Japan's nuclear wastewater into the sea? (China Youth Daily)