The heavens are raging,
The earth is shaking in the mountains and rivers,
Man is angry and frightened,
Tiger's Den Fighting Demon.
As soon as these four sentences are uttered, we will talk about a revolutionary hero, this is a legendary figure, how legendary is it? Please be patient and listen to me slowly, 5 minutes can catch your heart, can not catch, just when the editor I am the old train flute - blowing the atmosphere!
Gossip less, books to the right.
In 1901, Xiaobukan (now assigned to Mile County) in Yongning Township, Luxi County, Yunnan Province, produced a person who was later named the "General of the Three Gods", he was Zhang Chong, and some people asked which three gods it was.
He is the God of War! Salt God! Water God!
Zhang Chong's original name was Shao Yu, also known as Weixin, the character Yunpeng, the Yi people, the Yi surname Nina, he lived in the era of China's changing times.
When Zhang Chong was a teenager, he was good at reading, loved to learn martial arts, swords, guns and swords, used freely, rolled and split thorns, everything was good, swinging his arm to shoot arrows, riding and jumping in streams, all of which were good at play.
At the age of 15, Zhang Chong wisely retired from the bandits and was praised by the local people as "Little Kong Ming".
Influenced by Sun Yat-sen's ideas of democratic revolution in the early 1920s, Zhang Chong participated in the "February 6 Coup" in Yunnan in 1927 and served as a brigade commander and division commander of the Yunnan Army.
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In 1937, after the "July 7" Lugou Bridge Incident, the Japanese invaded, the northeast of North China fell one after another, the people were displaced, the country was shattered, and the Chinese people rose up to resist, and the flames and wolves were everywhere.
At that time, Yunnan formed three armies, about 200,000 people participated in the War of Resistance Against Japan, in August of the same year, Zhang Chong served as the deputy commander of the Kuomintang 60th Army and the commander of the 184th Division, he met with Luo Binghui and Ye Jianying, and established contact with the Eighth Route Army.
On April 22, 1938, the Kuomintang 60th Army participated in the Battle of Taierzhuang, which shocked China and foreign countries, with 600,000 Chinese troops participating and 400,000 Japanese troops participating.
The spring breeze was fluttering and the drizzle was misty, which was originally a warm spring day, but it added a little coolness, but Zhang Chong, who was holding out at Yuwang Mountain, the gateway of Taierzhuang on the outskirts of Xuzhou, and the 184th Division led by him, held out day and night for 27 days and nights, thwarting many attacks by the Japanese Kou.
Every soldier's heart is like a fire, and every time he fights with the enemy, he is extremely brave, and he has played the mighty wind of the Dian army and the ambition of the people of the Chinese.
The Japanese army could not be attacked for a long time, as if the monkey was on the fire - it was difficult to sit and lie down, but the Japanese army quickly adjusted.
The Japanese had planes, artillery, and tanks, but we only had rifles, machine guns, grenades, and a small number of cannons, and the enemy's tanks entered the positions and the guns were loud and the fire was soaring!
At this moment, Zhang Chong, bubbling up thick smoke, personally commanded the fighters in the front line to fight; after seeing the "iron knots" of the Japanese army, he was in a hurry and ordered the soldiers to follow the method of hitting the water wheel and blow up the tracks of the enemy tank with grenades.
The soldiers, who were as light as swallows and walked like flying, went up according to his method and blew up many enemy tanks, this move was like blowing up the top of the thunder, the sword pierced the heart, giving the Japanese army a major blow, and the tanks had no way to play an advantage on the battlefield.
Although the enemy has a great advantage in weapons and equipment, our army shoulders the glorious mission of defending the homeland and defending the country.
Whenever the soldiers could hardly resist the moment, Zhang Chong stood on a high place and shouted, "I am Zhang Chong, the division commander, don't be afraid." If we can't even win a little Japan, we will lose the face of the Dian army. I'm the division commander, and if I retreat, you'll shoot me. The division commander dares to charge, do you dare to? ”
Each time he was able to boost morale, and the Dian army fought a bloody battle and showed his might for the victory of the entire battle.
In this battle, China won a major victory in the Battle of Taierzhuang, eliminating more than 20,000 Japanese troops and capturing a large number of weapons and military supplies.
Because Zhang Chong had made outstanding achievements in this battle and was promoted to commander, Chiang Kai-shek, when he received him, asked, "Which college did General Zhang graduate from?" ”
Zhang Chong replied, "Boss, I am Green Forest..."
Chiang Kai-shek looked at him in surprise and asked, "Since Commander Zhang has not studied military academy or studied military science, why did he destroy the enemy's tanks in Taierzhuang?" ”
Zhang Chong replied calmly: "Chairman of the Report Committee, I am from a peasant family, and when the peasant family waters the paddy field, the water wheel is used to carry water, and if the water wheel rots, the water wheel will no longer turn; I am inspired by it." ”
At the end of September and the beginning of October 1938, during the battle of Yangxin and Paishi defending Wuhan, Zhang Chong inflicted heavy casualties on the Japanese Kou.
At the end of 1938, due to his outstanding military achievements, he was framed by the jealousy of the Kuomintang insiders, and was dismissed from his post and transferred back to Yunnan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="310" > second, salt god</h1>
Zhang Chong, who became a brigade commander in 1930, was appointed by Long Yun, chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government, and concurrently served as the governor of salt transportation in Yunnan Province.
Originally, Long Yun sent him this position to make Zhang Chong rich, and the head of Yan Zheng at that time was regarded as a fat man.
But Zhang Chong did not have the heart to get rich, did his best, was honest and honest, worked diligently for the people, and was a good salt god.
At that time, the price of salt in Yunnan and Guizhou soared, and people's food was in danger.
Zhang Chong is a boy of the Yi ethnic group, from birth to the present, he has seen too much poverty and hunger, and he also knows the whips and sticks suffered by the suffering people.
In 1911, Dian salt was about 7 yuan per 100 catties, but by 1928 it had risen to 180 yuan, an increase of more than 25 times.
It can be said that "bucket rice and jin salt" (a bucket of rice can buy a pound of salt), and even there have been "salt is as expensive as silver" and "a musk for a pound of salt", which seriously affects the people's livelihood, and it is more difficult for ordinary people, especially ethnic minorities, to eat salt.
At the same time, the sale of salt fell sharply, which in turn caused a tax crisis and produced a series of chain reactions in economic production.
The severe crisis in the salt industry contributed to Zhang Chong, who had a sense of justice and patriotism, and he made up his mind to reform the salt government in Yunnan.
Through in-depth investigation and study, Zhang Chong pondered bitterly in his heart and finally found the crux of the crisis in the salt industry in Yunnan: First, he wanted to reform the maladies of the salt administration, and second, he wanted to build a coal frying project to transfer brine.
In terms of reforming the salt administration, Zhang Chong mainly carried out three aspects of reform: First, the license tax was abolished, and instead of inspecting horses and selling salt, a salt sales office was set up in Kunming to gradually reduce the price of salt; the provincial department of finance was entrusted to handle the salt transportation and marketing office, so that the market price of salt was close to the official price, and the market gradually stabilized.
The second is to put forward the principle of reforming the stove household plan, the main method is to transfer salt affairs to the government and monopolize them by the government; increase labor technicians, strictly organize and manage, improve work efficiency, and improve the production system; expand capital, purchase machinery and equipment, increase production, and fully fry.
Third, Zhang Chong found during his inspection that 21 kilometers away from Yuanyongjing, Guangtong County's Yipi Nang (that is, a pinglang in present-day Lufeng County) has abundant high-quality coal reserves, and the cost of boiling salt with coal for switching to firewood will drop significantly, and the output will inevitably rise, so it was reported to the Yunnan Provincial Government, and after approval, it was decided to move the brine to coal, fry the salt with coal, and completely solve the problem of salt in Yunnan.
What is the Coal Transfer Project?
It turned out that the production of well salt in Yunnan at that time relied on the soil method, that is, the salt brine was taken out first, and then all by cutting down the mountain forest and burning firewood to boil the brine into a piece of salt.
Wherever the salt is boiled, the trees on the mountain are all cut down into bald mountains. The less firewood is cut, the farther away the distance, the higher the price of salt.
It is extremely difficult for yunnan people to eat salt, and Zhang Chong is extremely distressed to see this situation.
After careful investigation and study, he proposed the method of moving brine to coal and frying salt with coal, that is, to move the well brine of Yuanyongjing to the Coal Producing Area of Yipinglang, mine coal in Yipinglang, and call it "moving brine to coal" with coal-to-salt, creating a new method of salt production in Yunnan, which not only reduced the cost of salt, reduced the price of salt, but also protected the forest.
In 1933, Zhang Chong led 3,000 officers and soldiers and more than 1,000 migrant workers to Yipinglang to develop and transform the salt well.
Due to the huge project, obstruction by local forces, and many difficulties, Zhang Chong resolutely resigned from the post of salt transport envoy in Yunnan Province, appointed himself as the project supervisor, and moved the engineering office to Shezi Town, Lufeng County.
For more than five years, Zhang Chong lived with engineering and technical personnel at the construction site, ate the same food, worked at the construction site, and did not return home.
After he took office, he first recruited technical and knowledgeable experts and did things according to science.
Recruiting personnel, lack of funds, Zhang Chong paid for himself, paid for it himself and hired a group of engineering and technical personnel at high wages. Because Zhang Chong was honest and honest, immersed in hard work, and led other personnel, the coal transfer project progressed rapidly.
After more than five years of hard work, Zhang Chong founded the Yipinglang Salt Factory, produced high-quality and low-priced salt, and completely solved the problem of salt consumption by the people of Yunnan Province, including some people in Guizhou Province.
The success of transferring brine to coal and using coal to produce salt is a major miracle in Yunnan's economic history; the breakthrough in technical difficulties is another miracle in the history of science and technology.
At that time, Zhang Chong created a halogen transmission channel built with ceramic glaze, which is still intact, and the Pinglang Salt Mine produces 168,000 tons of salt per year, which is 18 times that of before the founding of the People's Republic of China, and is famous throughout the country.
In this way, the cost of salt production was finally reduced several times, enabling Yunnan to survive the salt crisis, increasing taxes, and protecting forests, which played a huge role in Yunnan's economic development, social stability, and support for the War of Resistance Against Japan.
In order to commemorate Zhang Chong's exploits, when the Yipinglang Salt Mine was founded 50 years ago, in August 1988, a monument was erected in front of the office building of the Yipinglang Salt Mine, and the stele was engraved: "Zhang Chong Created the Salt Mine Monument".
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Zhang Chong created a new experience in building reservoirs in the limestone forbidden area, which is rare in the history of international water conservancy construction.
He piloted the Huashan Reservoir in the limestone region, which was built in 1958. Later, in Mile County, he explored the construction of a Taiping Reservoir in the limestone area, and first hit the test dam for water storage test, and then the water storage test was successful.
At that time, there were many poor people, few rich people, not enough arable land, poor harvest in autumn, famine in the spring, Zhang Chong wanted to seek welfare for the people and change the living environment.
After more than 30 years of hard work in Mile County, the Taiping Reservoir has been built to store more than 80 million cubic meters of water and irrigate more than 100,000 mu of farmland.
The scientific community believes that reservoirs cannot be built in limestone areas, but there is still personality in commonalities, and reservoirs can also be built in limestone areas with thick formations, and thick formations can withstand the strong pressure of water storage and will not leak.
Zhang Chong's new experience not only benefits the people, but also adds a new chapter to the history of science.
While vigorously grasping the construction of water conservancy in Yunnan, Zhang Chong dared to study the construction of river water energy resources in the deep valleys of China's great southwest and put forward new ideas and plans.
He surveyed the Tiger Leaping Gorge of the Jinsha River nine times, and he has repeatedly explored the Jinsha River above Yibin in Sichuan Province, traveling tens of thousands of miles through mountains and rivers.
Despite his old age, he crossed mountains that were difficult for monkeys to climb, canyons that birds could not fly to, and sometimes climbed on his own legs and with his hands.
Once, climbing a steep overhanging rock, a 40-mile long distance, it took three days to climb to the top of the mountain.
In 1980, at the age of 80, with a sick body suffering from cancer, he also surveyed the Tiger Leaping Gorge for the ninth and last time.
After this investigation, he returned to Beijing and found that he had advanced cancer.
When he was critically ill, he also called his secretary and engineering and technical personnel to the hospital bed, dictated his ideas and plans for the development of the Jinsha River, and hoped to submit them to the Party Central Committee and the State Council for reference in decision-making.
Zhang Chong advocated taking the Tiger Leaping Gorge of the Jinsha River as the first phase of the project, followed by the Jingang Gorge, which was developed in eight cascades. Artificial dams are built by means of directional blasting, and after the dam is formed, the Tiger Leaping Gorge can hold 47 billion cubic meters of water; the Jingang Gorge can store 80 billion cubic meters of water, which domesticates the water in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River.
In addition, hundreds of millions of tons of non-ferrous metals on both sides of the Jinsha River can also be developed, "open the gold cabinet, you can eat for ten thousand years", and the construction of the Tiger Leaping Gorge Water Conservancy can receive fast returns, local materials, less investment required, and short project periods. Zhang Chong's ideas and plans have been praised by Premier Zhou Enlai, Vice Premier Chen Yi, and Marshal He Long.
On February 16, 1980, the People's Daily published Zhang Chong's new vision for developing hydroenergy resources.
Zhang Chong also put forward the blueprint for the south-to-north water diversion, and he advocated taking the western front, that is, basically transferring water to the upper reaches of the Yellow River along the route taken by the Red Army's Long March.
Some of the south-to-north water diversion projects implemented throughout the country today are reflected in this blueprint.
During his tenure as vice governor of Yunnan Province, Zhang Chong was also the commander of the province's water control.
Under his specific leadership and organization, through the hard work of the people of the province, when he took office in the 1950s, there were only 3.6 million mu of paddy fields in Yunnan Province, and after nearly thirty years of struggle, when he left office at the end of the 1970s and was transferred to Beijing as vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, there were already 14.4 million mu of paddy fields in the province.
The province's total grain output reached more than 20 billion catties, more than double that of the early liberation period.
On October 30, 1980, Zhang Chong died in Beijing at the age of 81.
General Zhang Chong is a multi-functional general, a martial general on the battlefield, a practical doer in construction, and the people of Yunnan call him the god of war, the god of salt, and the god of water.