Lechang: The ancient road scenery is picturesque, and it is not quitting to be a northern Guangdong person (Part 1)
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > densely populated ancient road hot sausage</h1>
For thousands of years, with the large number of Central Plains people migrating southward, the flat and open areas on both sides of the Xijing Ancient Road have gradually formed a clan culture of building villages with surnames, one is to enhance family affection, and the other is to prevent foreign heterosexual bullying, bandits and thieves from plundering and stealing. In the townships north of Lechang, there are many large-scale and exquisitely built ancient villages, such as Yangjiazhai Village in Meihua Town and Shixi Village in Huangpu Town.
The picture shows Yangjiazhai Village in Daping, Meihua Town. (Wu Wei/Photo)
Yang Dehua (Zi Peiying, Wan Shilang, transferred from Shanghangzhi County, Fujian to Zhengtang, Heyuan County, Huizhou, Guangdong) moved from Shanghang, Fujian to Yangjiazhai in Lechang in 1450 (Ming Dynasty) from Shanghang, Fujian via Heyuan and Qujiang in Guangdong, and has been breeding for more than 20 generations. The village is surrounded by mountains, the peaks are stacked with greenery, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, the people are prosperous, only the ancestral home of Yangjiazhai in Daping has more than 700 households and a population of more than 4,000 people, which is a unique single surname (Yang surname) large village around the local area. Daping Village still retains nearly 10,000 square meters of contiguous buildings from the Ming and Qing dynasties. The building complex is made of bluestone slabs as the road, high walls and deep alleys, and winding water around the house, which has the Huipai style of Jiangnan; and the enclosure is used as the wall, and the ethnic groups live together. From the Kangxi Dynasty to the beginning of the Republic of China, there were successively built Wenkui Lou, Qingyun Pavilion, Wenchang Pavilion, Dun Su Zhai (also known as the "New Study"), Three Steps Zhai, Integrated Zhai, Xianguan Pavilion, Minqiu Hall and other study rooms, known as the Village of Books. Whether these ancient buildings are ancestral halls, academies or residential houses, they are made of green brick tiles, cornices and angles, accompanied by carved dragon carved phoenixes, Meilan bamboo chrysanthemums, and ancient poems and ancient paintings, giving people a beautiful artistic enjoyment. The corners of the roof are inlaid with "Taishan Stone Dare Dang", which means to ward off evil spirits. After more than 500 years of vicissitudes, these ancient buildings still maintain a commendable exquisite and amazing!
Daping Village has a strong style of books since ancient times, and in the village ancestral hall, there are dozens of large and small plaques, including "Yonggong Double Dragon", Jinshi, Enjinshi and so on. During the Yongzheng period, the second Yang of the village was also admitted to the Jinshi, and Shangshu gave the plaque "Yonggong Shuangfeng", which was rumored to be a good story in the "Four Places of Meiliao" (Meihua, Yunyan, Xiushui, and Shaping). In January 1928, the remnants of the Nanchang Uprising led by Zhu De and Chen Yi rushed from Dongtang Town, Renhua County, along the Meile Ancient Road, and entered Yangjiazhai. During the five-day rest here, the masses of Yangjiazhai slaughtered seven or eight pigs to receive the troops. During this period, Zhu De and others planned the Shonan Uprising at DunSu Zhai. After careful arrangements, major victories were achieved in the "Wise Victory of Yizhang" and the "Great Victory of Pingshi," thus enabling the revolutionary flame of the "Shonan Uprising" to burn in the land of Xiangyue and Laying a good mass foundation for the "Zhumao Huishi." In February 1931, the Red Seventh Army led by Deng Xiaoping, Li Mingrui and Zhang Yunyi entered Meihua, and the Xiangyue border guerrillas and comrades of the Xiangnan Special Committee who secretly lived here participated in the "Battle of Meihua" together with the Red Seventh Army. Due to the huge disparity between the enemy and our forces and the relatively large casualties, the troops had no choice but to withdraw to Yangjiazhai, Deng Xiaoping and others urgently studied the next action plan at Wenchang Pavilion, and the villagers of Yangjiazhai brought tea and water, food and medicine inside and outside the Shuikou Ancestral Hall, bandaged and rescued more than 400 wounded, and made contributions to the revolution. On April 19, 2019, the former sites of the revolutionary activities of the Nanchang Rebel Army and the Red Seventh Army (Yang's Ancestral Hall, Dunshuzhai and Wenchang Pavilion) were listed in the ninth batch of cultural relics protection units in Guangdong Province. In December 2018, Yangjiazhai Village was included in the fifth batch of traditional Chinese villages.
The picture shows a corner of the tree in Daping Yangjiazhai in Meihua Town. (Ou Lunbin/Photo)
The picture shows the high wall deep alley of Yangjiazhai in Meihua Town. (Ou Lunbin/Photo)
The picture shows the exquisitely carved threshold stone of Yangjiazhai Village. (Ou Lunbin/Photo)
Shixi Village is located in Huangpu Town, the village area is about 240 acres, the existing number of households 238 households, 938 people. Ninety-nine percent of them are from the Tang clan, making it one of the best-preserved ancient villages in the mountains of northern Guangdong.
The picture shows a corner of Shixi Village in Huangpu Town, next to yile Ancient Road. (Ou Lunbin/Photo)
According to the "Genealogy of the Deng Clan of Lechang Shixi" in the 34th year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1769 AD) and the "Genealogy of the Deng Clan of Luyang" during the Qing Dynasty (1821-1850 AD), Deng Pingzhi, the 19th grandson of Deng Yu in the Han Dynasty, first established the Luyang Order and first lived in Luyang (present-day Rucheng). It is said that Shi Lang traveled here during the Song Shaoxi period (1190-1194 AD), where he was surrounded by mountains, dense forests, open caves, rivers, abundant water sources, and the Lu Creek in front of it, like a jade belt, winding from north to south. The Dragon Spring at the foot of the mountain gushes up, and the water of the Shushui Creek flows from the overlapping stones to the Lu Creek (now the Huangpu River), "the long stream is like a belt, and the shijia stream is like a stream, because of the name", so it is named Shixi. One by one, where the mountains and rivers are nearby, roads and villages are built, land is reclaimed, and future generations are reproduced. With the tradition of inheriting the lile of poetry and books, it has a harmonious living of scholarly reading and farming, which has a history of more than 800 years, with a population of more than 10,000, distributed in Guangdong, Hunan, Sichuan and Hong Kong. After several dynasties and generations of construction, there are still more than 40 solid green brick houses and stone slab laneways in the village. With the Liutang Ancestral Hall as the center, it is horizontal from north to south, deep from east to west, in rows, distributed on the north side of the ancient water town of the village. The stream from west to east runs through the village, providing good conditions for the villagers to live and produce flood control and drainage, and the green brick houses gathered around the ancestral hall are based on hard bluestone pillars, and the polished smooth green bricks are used as the walls. The wood of the carved dragon and the phoenix is decorated, and the tile back surrounded by the horse's head towering wall is the roof. The cornices are clear, the corners are clear, the contours are firm, and they are also inlaid with different carved stone and wood, birds and animals, exotic flowers and grasses, and they are vivid. Ancient tile houses, pieces of green rock slabs, leaving a lot of traces of history, despite years of wind and frost, snow and rain, still standing, very spectacular. The cultural connotation is still visible, the ancestral hall door is linked, and the meaning of the words is profound. "Jiaoteng Eastern Han, Fengqi Nanyang" is the starting point of the clan, with the goal of "He Stop the Sound of Xin Dong han" and "poetry and books inherit the world, scholars read farming, gentlemen think twice, and saints fear three times" as the code of conduct, inspiring future generations and creating a harmonious society of "people ascending to the blessed life and the people's peaceful spring".
The picture shows the horse head wall in Shixi Village, Huangpu Town, next to the Yile Ancient Road. (Ou Lunbin/Photo)
The picture shows the ancient stone bridge in Shixi Village, Huangpu Town, next to the Yile Ancient Road. (Ou Lunbin/Photo)
According to the Qing Dynasty "Lechang County Chronicle" and the Qing Jiaqing Xin Weinian "Shixi Deng Clan Genealogy", Shixi Village is full of talents in the humanities. It is reported that there were 198 eunuchs, juren, bagong, engong, shigong, fugong, crown belt, and national students, and 23 people who won military merit. There are 18 pairs of walled gongping in front of the village, and 15 pairs in the main alley in front of the ancestral hall, a total of 33 pairs, and only 5 pairs remain. In December 2018, Stony Brook Village was included in the fifth batch of traditional Chinese villages.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > the ancient road is bustling and promotes commercial prosperity</h1>
The development of transportation has brought prosperity to trade, the spread of culture, and the migration of clans, so that Lechang, which is located in the "North Gate of Guangdong", has gradually become prosperous.
According to historical records, Lechang relies on the geographical advantages of land and water, and the commerce is extremely prosperous, and the ancient post road is "full of people, merchants are like clouds", and there are more than 2,000 commercial ships docked on the Wujiang River every day. In 1932, the "Chronicle of Lechang County" said: "Pingshi Street has three streets: upper, middle and lower, which were opened after the Qing Daoguang and gradually flourished. "The whole street 3 waterways race: from Pingshi along the Wushui upper reaches of the Huangcen Water to Linwu to Xiangjing, along the Yizhang Water to Yizhangjun to Xiangyu; along the Takishui south to Shaoguan. Land Route 4: Northeast along shentouling on the Chenyi Ancient Road to Xiangxiang; northwest from Changgangling along the General Mountain Ancient Road, to XiangzhenLi Sanbao, LinwuDalianzhou, Lianshan, Yangshan and Xiangyu; southeast from Huilongshan to Lingling, Rucheng, Gangu Road; southwest over The Ladder Ridge to Meiliao Sidi, Ruyuan County and other places. In the 1940s, Professor Wu Shangshi, who was teaching at Pingshi Sun Yat-sen University at the time, wrote in the article "Lechang Gorge": "Porters are shoulder to shoulder, and all are Xiang sellers." Those who went south bore pigs, eggs, oil, and beans, and those who returned from the north carried sugar and salt or other foreign groceries, and the number of people who came and went, at that time, was one or two thousand a day, and the shops were all along the way. ”
The picture shows a scene of wujiang river on Xijing Waterway in Lechangping Stone Town. (Ou Lunbin/Photo)
The prosperity of commerce has created many business celebrities. The local folk song has a singing: "Turn to Mei Luo Jia Guan (Zhuan Village, Huang Mei Chong, Luo Jia Guan), three hundred bearers of salt, do not go out for three days, and starve half of the people." "It can be known that the street commercial is in charge of the lifeblood of Zhou Yu's business. The "Chronicle of Lechang County" says: "In the season of the Qing Dynasty, there was a commercial branch, and the Republic of China was founded and there was a chamber of commerce, which was suitable for trade, a thousand miles a day, is the current transport and sale, the city, Pingshi two ports, reached the Xiang realm, only salt as a bulk." ”
The picture shows the corner of Pingshi Old Street on the Lechang Xijing Ancient Road. (Ou Lunbin/Photo)
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > ancient road celebrities converge to shine in the history of youth</h1>
For thousands of years, the Xijing Ancient Road has left many important historical events and glorious footprints of historical celebrities.
In 660 AD, Liu zu Huineng learned the Dharma from northern Guangdong, and once went to the "lying stone bed" of the West Stone Rock Temple in Lechang to the Huangmei Mountain In Hubei Province, all of which walked through The Weiling Pass in Qingyun Town. In the fifth year of Tang Dezong's reign (789 AD), during his tenure in Guangzhou, the tea saint Lu Yu was very appreciative of the Shaozhou tea he drank (the key production area of Shaozhou tea at that time was in Lechang), so he made a special trip from Guangzhou to Lechang County, Shaozhou, to study white hair tea, personally went up the mountain to pick tea, visited various tea mountains, and inscribed the word "cardinal room" on the wall of the West Stone Cave in Lechang, where he stayed (according to the "Shaozhou Fu Zhi": "Lu Yu inscribed the name and engraved the word cardinal room." Yu Xiang gong has a record". And the "Chronicle of Lechang County" contains: "There is Lu Yu's inscription ink in Yan". )。 Lu Yu recorded in the "Tea Classic" compilation of all Tang famous teas: "Lingnan tea is born in Shaozhou, and its taste is excellent. Shaozhou raw yellow tea, produced in Shaozhou counties, into Lechang is precious. In this way, Lechang Baimao tea occupied a place in the "Tea Classic", and then naturally became a tribute to the imperial court. According to the Guangdong Xinyu, in the 14th year of Tang Xianzong's reign (819 AD), Han Yu went to the Han Taki Ancestral Hall in Lechang via the Yile Ancient Road, and also because of "Changle Taki's sinister deeds, the boat came out of the milk source"; the "Lechang County Chronicle" records that in the 5th year of Tang Xizong's Yuanfu (879 AD), "Huang Chao broke through the Western Heng Prefecture, and shi Shaojing (referring to the Lechang Huangpu and Xiushui areas) was killed by it"; the 10th year of the Qing Tongzhi (1871 AD) edition of the "Lechang County Chronicle" volume 12 and the Republic of China 20th year "Lechang County Chronicle" contained, "Chongzhen 16 years of Decay, Contrarian (Note: referring to Li Zicheng) is extremely rampant..." To Lechang "Tongluoping, Xikengkou", "Shunzhi eighth year (1651 AD) Xin Di on the first day of October, Li Zichengbu impersonated "Cao Zhijian", "thousands of thieves, with Mei Liao into Kou, Tunying Henan Water." Knowing that Sun Zhizi was killed, the generals Li Cheng, Yu Dajing, and Zhou Hongzheng were all killed. In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, Li Bingzhong, the left attendant of the army and the deputy capital of Nangan, hid in the Qinglian Mountain of Yunyan Town, Lechang, hoping that one day he would regain his support for the British lord to try to make a comeback in the East Mountain, and was buried here after his death, preserving a poem of "Qinglian Mountain Fu"; Li Zicheng's military master Song Xiance "cut his hair into a monk, known as 'Stone'", and lived in seclusion in Qingyun Town; during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom rebel army led by Hong Xiuquan also traveled back and forth from the ancient road many times. In June 1922, the Northern Expeditionary Army led by Sun Yat-sen also went north through the Yile Ancient Road; in the autumn of 1925, a great man of the generation, Mao Zedong, also took a boat from Laopingshi, bravely crossed the Jiutaki Eighteen Beaches, arrived at Lechang to stay overnight, and delivered a speech at Yicang (now the area of Bauhinia Garden), and the next day went to the Guangzhou Agricultural Lecture Center through Shaoguan; during the Northern Expedition, 100,000 male lions were stationed in Lechang and marched north along the Beixiang-Huangpu section of the Yile Ancient Road; Tao Zhu engaged in revolutionary activities and traveled back and forth along the ancient road to Huguang many times. In 1927, shortly after Tao Zhu participated in the Guangzhou Uprising, when he returned to Hunan along the Yile Ancient Road to carry out military movement work, he drank several bowls of white hair tea brewed by the local people, and after climbing the mountain and wading for 30 kilometers, he still did not dry his mouth. So Lechang Baimao Tea left a deep impression and good memories on him. In 1956, Tao Zhu, then the first secretary of the Central and Southern Bureau and the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, suggested that Lechang set up a tea farm along the Xishan Mountains and vigorously develop Lechang Baimao tea. Therefore, Lechang has become the main producer of Lechang baimao tea along the creek and mountain. It is one of the famous teas in the country. In 1928, Zhu De and Chen Yi led the Nanchang rebel army to take advantage of the steep terrain of the Changgangling Ancient Road in Lechang Pingshi and adopted guerrilla tactics to eliminate more than 2,000 enemies in the movement, capture more than 1,000 people, capture countless weapons and ammunition, and achieve the famous "Pingshi Victory"; in 1931, the Red Seventh Army led by Deng Xiaoping and Li Mingrui arrived in Lechang Meihua from the Liaoshui Ancient Road in Liyuan Township, Yizhang, Hunan Province. The Red Army broke through the enemy's third blockade line through the ancient roads of Lechang Wushan, Langtian, Jiufeng, Liangjiang, Baishi, Meihua, Pingshi, Qingyun, huangpu and other places, and entered Yizhang, Hunan in the west.
The picture shows the Weiling Pass on the Yile Ancient Road. (Gong Yudong/Photo)
The picture shows the tea base along the Creek Mountain next to the Yile Ancient Road in Jiufeng Town. (Ou Lunbin/Photo)
The picture shows the word "cardinal" engraved by Lu Yu. (Ou Lunbin/Photo)
From April 26, 2017 to the autumn of 2020, Li Yongjie, chief planner of the Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Guangdong Province, led experts, scholars and professional volunteers of the Third Guidance Group for the Protection and Utilization of the Nanyue Ancient Yidao to come to Lechang more than a dozen times to investigate and guide the protection, utilization and revitalization of the Ancient Yidao. From July 15 to 16, 2019, Xu Ruisheng, vice governor of Guangdong Province, led the leaders of all units directly under the province to conduct on-site investigation of the ancient road in Pingshi Town and the former site of Sun Yat-sen University and Peizheng Peidao Joint Middle School during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, believing that Lechang, as the "Northern Gate of Guangdong", has left many historical symbols and cultural imprints after thousands of years of civilization, and the surrounding ancient roads, ancient villages, academies, ancient wells, ancient bridges and other historical buildings are all over the city and countryside, and everything looks colorful, vibrant and charming. It is emphasized that it is necessary to protect, utilize and activate these precious cultural relics, make every effort to create and promote these tourism resources, so that excellent traditional culture can be inherited and carried forward, so as to achieve the benign interaction and development of rural tourism and cultural relics protection, and ultimately realize the rejuvenation of rural culture, the prosperity of socialist culture, the restoration of the people's hearts, and the construction and protection of the spiritual homeland. Under the attention and support of the provincial party committee, the provincial government and relevant departments, in 2018, the Yunyan and Meihua sections of the Lechang Xijing Ancient Road were included in the demonstration section of the Nanyue Ancient Yidao Road. In July 2019, the People's Government of Guangdong Province put forward the idea and opinions of revitalizing and utilizing the old sites of schools in northern Guangdong during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, launched the construction of the South China Education History (Pingshi) project, and successively invested hundreds of millions of yuan in repair and protection, and has achieved phased results.
The picture shows Xu Ruisheng, vice governor of Guangdong Province, conducting on-site research at the Pingshi South China Education History Research Base. (Chen Yiqian/Photo)
The picture shows the third guidance group of the protection and utilization of the Nanyue Ancient Yidao in Yunyan Town. (Ou Lunbin/Photo)
The east wind blows vigorously, and the trumpets sound in unison. The blueprint has been drawn and action is in full swing. We firmly believe that with the strong support of governments at all levels, the Lechang rural revitalization strategy will be realized as scheduled! Lechang's tomorrow will be even better!
About the Author:
Ou Lunbin, curator of Lechang Museum in Shaoguan City.
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