China Daily Network, December 31 (Reporter Lu Zhongqiu) Shangyu, Zhejiang, on the one hand, nourished the prologue of Chinese civilization, the lingxiu fertile soil, belonged to the Hemudu cultural circle, at least 5500 years ago, the Neolithic Shangyu ancestors have multiplied here, holding up the spark of civilization.
Yu Shun, one of the ancestors of Chinese civilization, was born in Hongfei Village on the banks of the Cao'e River in Shangyu, and his deeds of filial piety touching heaven and virtue were revered by later generations as "the ancestor of Mingde", "the head of hundred filial pieties" and "the yuan of civilization". The names "Shangyu" and "Hundred Officials" originate from Yu Shun, and the "Shunhui Hundred Officials" created the first celebrity gathering in the history of Shangyu.
During the ancient Yue Kingdom period, Yue Wang Gou Jian developed production here, and the agricultural bases of the Yue Kingdom such as "JiShan", "Jishan" and "Fengshan", and the handicraft bases such as "Liantang", "Xishan" and "Gu zhongshan" were all in Shangyu, which were also the hinterland of "Shanyin Ancient Land Road" and "Shanyin Ancient Waterway". The will of the Vietnamese who worked diligently to fight laid the foundation for smooth traffic and sincerity in Shangyu, and planted the background of Yue culture here.
In the 25th year of Qin Shi Huang (222 BC), Shangyu County. From the Qin Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, with the continuous evolution of Chinese history from great unification to great division, Shangyu completed the great adjustment of population structure, the great integration of northern and southern cultures, and the great transformation of customs and habits, and the cultural characteristics of shining stars and diversified prosperity will stand in the annals of history.
In the Spring and Autumn Period and through the Warring States to the Han Dynasty, Taoist thought surged in the Zhejiang region, and Shangyu was an important central area.
Today, in Wushi Mountain, Shangyu Zhangzhen, there is the tomb of Wang Chong, a great philosopher of the Eastern Han Dynasty. This great thinker, in an era of decadence of classics and rampant theology, completed the epoch-making masterpiece "On Balance", which formed a confrontation with the theory of "heaven and man induction". His famous saying, "Those who know the house leak in Ushita, and those who know the government are in Kusano" still provide a wealth of traditional cultural literacy for communists to practice their original mission.
Later, Wei Boyang, a representative figure of Taoism in the Eastern Han Dynasty, practiced Taoism and alchemy in the area of Fengming Mountain and Jinyi Mountain in Shangyu, and his "Zhou YiShan Tongqi" has an important position in the history of world science and technology, and has been mentioned in textbooks and encyclopedias in the United States, Britain and other countries.
The Eastern Han Dynasty was also a period when Shangyu Filial Piety culture further highlighted Binghuan. On the Dragon Boat Day in 143 AD, a 14-year-old girl jumped into the rolling river in search of her father who fell into the water, and wrote a chapter of filial piety touching the heavens and mourning and magnificent in this land. Jiang was known for filial piety and filial piety, and people felt the love of filial piety in memory of her, and changed the ShunJiang River to Cao'e River, which became the only river in China named after a young girl. Cao'e Temple, which has a history of more than 1,800 years, is still standing by the river today, and this state-level cultural protection unit is known at home and abroad for its "four musts" of carving, yanglian, murals, calligraphy (ancient monuments), and is known as the "first temple in Jiangnan". The story of filial piety, represented by Yu Shun, the ancestor of the Hundred Filial Pieties, and Cao E, the daughter of filial piety, has been continuously circulated, evolved and enriched in Shangyu, which has determined the main position of filial piety culture in many cultural forms in Shangyu. According to incomplete statistics, there are as many as 58 cases of Shangyu filial piety figures and allusions clearly recorded in historical records, and there are 18 filial piety cultural sites and relics in Shangyu so far, such as Cao'e Temple, Zhu'e Temple, and Xiaowenling. In May 2010, Shangyu was named "The Hometown of Chinese Filial Piety Culture" by the China Folk Writers Association, and this year, the Shangyu Xiaode Cultural and Ecological Reserve was included in the list of provincial cultural heritage ecological reserves (creation), opening a new chapter in Shangyu's creation of a new era of filial piety cultural heritage.
During the Han and Wei dynasties, Ji Kang, the head of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, was said to have lived in seclusion in the Guangling area of Shangyu Changtang, and the song "Guangling San" has been extinct for a long time, and the shallow Qingxi and Maomao bamboo forests in Changtang Guangling Village seem to still be able to hear the songs of sadness and generosity.
At the turn of the Han and Jin Dynasties, Shangyu became a place for the Xie clan of Chen County to settle down due to the traffic of the nine counties, and at the same time, some southward migration clans or chose the Xie clan as a neighbor, built a room in Dongshan, or feasted with the Xie clan in Dongshan, and the "Dongshan Yaju" created the second celebrity gathering in the history of Shangyu. Xie Shi passed down his family in Shangyu Fengya, accumulated strength, and finally became the ultimate life yearning of Xie Andong's comeback as an ancient Chinese intellectual. In the tenth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xie An's great-grandson Xie Lingyun was born on the east bank of the Cao'e River in Shangyu, he founded a sect and became the originator of Chinese landscape poetry, a "Mountain Residence" wrote about the beautiful scenery of Shangyu Nanxiang, and the first peak of Shangyu was also named after his "drinking and overturning". Xie's elegant people are deep, and the crown of Shangyu contains a vast poetry that penetrates the time and yin, making Shangyu a spiritual home for posterity to pursue ideals and sway spiritual spirits.
The heyday of people and things is always both physical and qualitative. On both sides of the middle reaches of the Cao'e River, nearly 400 celadon kiln sites from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty have been found, providing rich evidence support for the sequence of origin and development of mature celadon porcelain. In 1978, Mr. Li Jiazhi, a researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, an academician of the International Academy of Ceramics, and a titan in the field of ancient ceramics, proposed: "At the latest in the late Eastern Han Dynasty before 1900, the Shangyu Yue kiln in southern Zhejiang in china completed the transition from pottery to porcelain, making China the first country in the world to invent porcelain." Through archaeological excavations and research in various places, Shangyu Celadon during the Sixth Han Dynasty was already a well-known brand that was sold throughout the north and south and popularized by Shishu, and became the "Porcelain Capital of the World". As late as the Fifth Dynasty of the Tang Dynasty and the early Northern Song Dynasty, there are still records of "Thirty-six Official Kilns" in front of the Shangyu Kiln Temple, and the continuous tribute has witnessed the prosperity of the Shangyu Yue Kiln. "The nine autumn winds dew more and more kilns opened, and won the green color of the thousand peaks." Good to the mid-night feast, the common ji in the scattered bucket cup. "Yue kiln celadon in the Tang Dynasty tortoise Meng's poems flashed a unique posture, fascinating, Shangyu's porcelain industry of the millennium kiln fire has benefited the world, but also let the world glimpse the ancient Cao'e River Basin prosperous, rich corner, and now this Yue kiln firing chronicle is continuing to write a new legend, Shangyu is taking the construction of porcelain source culture town as the carrier, accelerate the innovation and transformation of Yue kiln celadon culture.
During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the legend of Liang Zhu, the most fascinating love story in China, originated in Shangyu. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the first domestic color opera art film "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai" the first sentence of the opening sentence is "Shangyu County, Zhujiazhuang, Yushui Riverside, there is a Zhu Yingtai", which is the best evidence of Shangyu as the "hometown of Yingtai", this poignant and moving love story is known as "Romeo and Juliet of the East", not only known to women and children in China, but also become the most widely influenced Chinese folklore in the world.
At the time of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the opening and prosperity of the Grand Canal made Shangyu's water navigation more convenient, promoted the development of Shangyu water conservancy undertakings, and promoted the comprehensive development of the regional economy.
During this period, the most remarkable cultural event was the rise of the Tang Poetry Road in eastern Zhejiang. Since the Tang Dynasty, the dongshan, Cao'e temple, the Zhixin Temple, and the historical relics of Zhu Xie in Shangyu have attracted a large number of literati and inkers, and in this journey of remembering the ancestors, Great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, and Wang Wei have left famous poems: Li Bai has climbed Dongshan three times in his lifetime, and written poems such as "Sending Wang Wushan People Wei Wan back to the King's House" and "Remembering Dongshan", Xie An, Xie Lingyun, and Xie Guan have been transformed into the image of his poems no less than a hundred times; Du Fu remembered Xie An's deeds. In singing and singing with friends, it is written that "the Lord of Han pursues Han Xin, and The Cang gives birth to Xie An." Bai Juyi admired in his sentence "Dongshan Temple": "Straight up to the Qingxiao and looking at the eight capitals, the moon wheel in the shadow of the white clouds is lonely." There are countless people in the vast universe, and several boys are husbands. After swimming in the Cao'e River and Dongshan, Wang Wei wrote the famous travelogue "The Record of Dongshan", which vividly depicted the beautiful scenery around Dongshan. Shangyu landscape is sanctified by people, and the road of Eastern Zhejiang Tang poetry is started because of Shangyu, and today, Shangyu is accelerating the development and construction of the Dadong Mountain Scenic Area, and making every effort to build a famous mountain sacred place on the Road of Tang Poetry in Eastern Zhejiang.
After the Song Dynasty, Shangyu entered a new cultural peak, the folk literary style was blazing, the academy arose, and the master of science, Zhu Xi, once gave a lecture to Shangyu. Shangyu is also the ancestral home of The Ming Dynasty Confucian master Wang Yangming, when he was a teenager, Wang Yangming once read alone in the Fuxian Temple in Lanqian Mountain, Shangyu Liang Lake, "shadow does not go out of the mountain, the traces are not vulgar", in 1513 AD, 42-year-old Wang Yangming with Daoist friends and disciples, to find the ancestors, all the way to enjoy the scenery and study, leaving behind the "zhile zhixue, neither le nor learn" feeling.
In the four dynasties of the Song Dynasty, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties, shangyu famous ministers and talents emerged in an endless stream, and a number of honest officials such as Du Yan, Li Guang, and Yang Cishan emerged. The Shangyu intellectuals represented by liu lu, a great historian, Ni Yuanlu, a famous calligrapher, and Wang Wanglin, a bibliophile, have inherited the long-term context of Shangyu and produced fruitful ideological and cultural achievements.
After the late Ming Dynasty, with wave after wave of Western studies knocking on the country's door, tremendous changes were taking place in all fields of society, and the concept of "Zhejiang East School" and "industry and commerce are all based", as well as the popularization of consciousness such as the Western affairs movement and industrial salvation, made many generations of people who stuck to cultivating and reading heirlooms pluck up courage and walk out of Shangyu one after another.
From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, a group of money merchants appeared in the Yubei region, and after they broke into fame, they often returned to their hometowns to invest and repay the society. In 1919, Chen Chunlan, a giant of the Shangyu Xiaoyue Chen clan, donated funds and entrusted Wang Zuo, a township sage, and Jing Hengyi, a famous educator in modern times, to jointly establish the Chunhui Middle School, which would later have the reputation of "North and South, South Chunhui". The establishment of Chunhui Middle School echoed the "May Fourth" new cultural movement and had a major impact on the education cause of Shangyu, the province and even the whole country at that time. Inspired by the charisma of Hengyi, the first principal of Chunhui Middle School, Xia Qizun, Zhu Ziqing, Kuang Husheng, Zhu Guangqian, Feng Zikai, etc. successively rushed to the shore of Baima Lake, and while teaching and educating people, they threw themselves into the new cultural movement and formed the White Horse Lake literary genre. At that time, the most important people in the domestic education circles, such as Cai Yuanpei, Li Shutong, Huang Yanpei, Hu Yuzhi, He Xiangning, Yu Pingbo, Liu Yazi, Chen Wangdao, Zhang Wentian, Huang Binhong, Zhang Daqian, and Ye Shengtao, also came here to investigate and give lectures. At the foot of Elephant Mountain, on the shore of Baima Lake, famous teachers gathered for a time, the weather was ever-changing, and the "Chunhui Jixian" created the third celebrity gathering in Shangyu's history and created a highlight moment in Shangyu's modern cultural history.
At the same time, a large number of Shangyu cultural giants emerged in the wave of cultural innovation throughout the country. The Enlightenment scholar Du Yaquan, the Confucian master Ma Yifu, the founder of modern geography Zhu Kezhen, the educator Chen Heqin, the philosopher Fan Shoukang, the father of modern gardens Chen Congzhou, the crescent poet Chen Mengjia, and the contemporary tea saint Wu Juenong are all well-known at home and abroad.
During the war of resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, the people of Shangyu relied on their high degree of national self-esteem and a strong patriotic spirit to stubbornly grope in the dark and fought heroically in the midst of suffering; the famous revolutionary martyrs Wang Yifei, Ye Tiandi, He Yun, and others heroically sacrificed their lives for the communist ideal; the red marks such as the former site of the Fenghui Northern Evacuation Conference, the logistics support base of the New Fourth Army in ChenXi, Zhejiang, and the Xu'ao Battle Memorial Hall in Lingnan still tell the heroic spirit and immortal faith of Yu Shun.
For thousands of years, with three celebrity gatherings as the axis, the people of Shangyu have created a rich material culture and spiritual culture in this land. After the reform and opening up, Shangyu has entered a new era, condensing the Shangyu spirit of the new era of "filial piety and trustworthiness, pragmatic innovation".
In the nearly 50 years of the Great Wai Tu that began in the 1960s, the Shangyu people used the spirit of the Wai Tu who knew the difficulties and determined to win the day, so that the "Iron Face Qianjiang" finally became tender, creating the myth of the vicissitudes of the sea and the mulberry field.
Xie Jin, a generation of famous directors born in Xie Tang, Shangyu, has made indelible contributions to the development of Chinese films, and he is extremely concerned about the development of his hometown of Shangyu, especially the inheritance and development of Shangyu culture, and once sent a message: "Shangyu literature and art, from the Cao'e River to the world." ”
Contemporary Shangyu people are also reinterpreting and practicing the righteousness of filial piety in their own way, and the spirit of Sangzi's deep affection for the townspeople blooms in the land of Yu Shun, or Lide is immortal, or meritorious service, or lizhi Zeshi. Shangyu, who has made outstanding achievements in the development and breakthrough of many professional fields, such as Zhu Kezhen, Chen Mengxiong, Xu Guangxian, Tian Binggen, Zhou Jiongyu, Xu Ruren, Zhong Qunpeng, Yuan Chengye, Jin Li, Zhou Qinzhi, Qiang Boqin, Chen Runsheng, Wang Jiming, Cao Chunxiao, Jing Yipeng, Yuan Junying, and Zhu Li, has made outstanding contributions to the development and breakthrough of many professional fields such as natural science, cutting-edge science, modern medicine, and modern industrial technology.
The ancient Shangyu has been imprinted with the footprints of the ancestor Yu Shun, the vigor of the Yue culture, the filial piety that has remembered the Yellow Silk Cao Stele, the Xuansi that echoed the Buddhist Taoist masters, the flow of the Famous Scholars of Wei and Jin, the Yingrun that burned the celadon of the Yue kiln, the light boat that carried the road of Tang poetry, the Taoist system that listened to the Great Confucian Literature, and the Shangyu people who have been rooted in the feelings of Si and Chizi from generation to generation.
The beautiful Shangyu, Yichuan'e River, carrying the Qixiu of The Mountain, Dongshan, Longshan, Lanqiongshan, and Zhishan, the Qingjun of Nayintan Creek, Xiaguan Creek, Fanyang River, and Xiaoshun River reflect the white clouds of Yunan Mountain, and the fragrant rice fragrance of The Hangzhou Bay is stirred, embracing the vibrant livable city.
The Shangyu of youth is coming from the mist of history and from the nostalgia of fishing songs and singing evenings, it has five thousand years of bamboo in its chest, and is running with the great era and embracing the more azure and vast era of the Greater Bay Area.
Image Caption:
The sun rises in the east, and the fog on the Cao'e River is getting thinned Photo: Weng Qiyu
Dongshan Scenic Area has beautiful scenery and profound cultural heritage, of which the "Taifu Ancestral Hall" is one of its core attractions, and it is also the best place to understand the glorious history of Xie An and the Xie family Photo: Weng Qiyu
Dongshan Village Dongjiashan Natural Village is built on the mountain, full of ancient meaning, exquisite and poetic. The historical and cultural features in the village are well preserved, the distribution of excellent historical buildings is relatively concentrated, cultural relics and monuments remain, and the traditional street and alley pattern is still relatively intact. Photographed by Weng Qiyu
Because Xie An is "a model of ancient Chinese intellectuals", Shangyu Dongshan has also become a must-visit place for literati and inkers of past generations to find Xie An's style Photo: Wang Zhongliang
Every year, many descendants of xie clan at home and abroad spontaneously come to worship their ancestors Photo: Wang Zhongliang
The remains of the eastern Han Dynasty celadon kiln sites that have been discovered provide rich evidence support for the sequence of origin and development of mature celadon Photo: Wang Zhongliang
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Source: China Daily