The "Imperial Dynasty Ministers" is also known as the "Imperial Dynasty Ministers' Discussion" and "Song Dynasty Ministers' Discussion", which is a grand masterpiece, an important work of the Shibu Edict, which is widely circulated in the world. There are many existing versions, especially the Song engraving. Heilongjiang Provincial Library (hereinafter referred to as "our library") collection of the Song carved Yuanming revised edition of the "Song Dynasty Ministers" was once collected by the Qing Palace, was included in the "Second Batch of National Precious Ancient Books List" (No. 2840) [1], is a rare book that exists today.
1 The Editing Process of the "Discussion of the Ministers of the State Dynasty"
The "Concerto Discussion of the Ministers of the State Dynasty" (hereinafter referred to as the "Song Discussion") is an anthology of the Song Dynasty's ministers' concertos, which is a compilation of a complex and complete number of concertos and deliberations, which has epoch-making significance in the history of the compilation of the concerto. It contains 1631 recitals by 243 officials of the Northern Song Dynasty, 150 volumes, and about 1.3 million words. [2] The book is divided into twelve disciplines. Compiled by Zhao Ruyu (1140 - 1196). Zhao Ruyu (赵汝宇), Emperor Songzong of Song, Yugan of Raozhou (Raozhou, Jiangxi), ZiZhi (字子直), Zhao Shanyingzi (赵善應子), and Emperor Xiaozong of Qiandao (孝宗乾道二年進士). He served as a squire of the Imperial Household and a prince, and held the posts of Sichuan and Chengdu Prefecture. In the second year of Shao Xi's reign, he moved to the Privy Council. Five years later, it was agreed with Han Nongxu and others that Zhao Kuo, the King of Jia, would become emperor for Emperor Ningzong. Worship the Right Minister. Not much, there is a gap with Han Nong. In the first year of Emperor Ningzong's reign, he resigned from Fuzhou. To Hengzhou, he was embarrassed by the guards, died violently, and was loyal to hou. He is the author of a collection of poems and "Taizu Shilu Essentials" and "Discussion of the Ministers of the State Dynasty". [3]
Zhao Ruyu edited the Song Discussion during the reign of Emperor Xiaozong. During the ten years prior to Chunxi's nine years, he mainly served as a cabinetist, a servant, and an envoy to Dianzhou, and participated in the compilation of the "Four Dynasties Meetings" of Shen, Zhe, Hui, and Qinzong,[2] so he had the opportunity to see "the cheap chapters of loyal servants and good men contained in the Four Treasuries of the Secret House and the shi clan of the Dynasty".[4] After sorting out and compiling more than a thousand volumes, and after discussion and help from his staff, he deleted them into 150 volumes on Yu Xiaozong, and after 20 years of time, it can be seen that Zhao Ruyu was "quite scrupulous" about his selection of materials. The Collected Books of the Song Dynasty records that "Fuguo Zhongding Zhao Gong took the Zongchen Shi Changle, the government into many leisures, compiled the Qun gong of the Qun Dynasty, the first loyal words and jia plots of the group of people in our dynasty, and compiled them into columns, crowning the emperor's way, and stepping on the border defense, and in the general context, the sense of heaven and man, the distinction between evil and righteousness, the cultivation of inside and outside, the punishment of punishment, the dismissal of interests, the opportunity of officials and militias, the outline of lily and criminal government, and the exhaustion of the liturgical and criminal government, and the Shu Shucheng"[5]. The compilation style of the book adopts the form of dividing the door rather than the person, which embodies the scientific classification idea of the editors starting from reality. Therefore, the "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries" commented that "the cover is divided into people, can be summarized in life, do their best to gain and lose, for those who discuss the world, for the sake of the world, for the sake of things, can refer to the ancient and modern, do their best to do the pros and cons of the history of the matter, and count for the world." To be fair, what You See is great. This book "can know the gains and losses of the times and politics, the general plugs of words, and the facts of the division and the relics of the Shi clan" [6].
2 An exploration of the surviving version of the "Discussion of the Courtiers of the Kingdom"
The Song Dynasty was the golden age of engraving and printing, and for thousands of years, after the fire and water, the Song Ben has survived to this day. Therefore, the surviving Song inscriptions and manuscripts, whether in terms of quantity and quality, have cultural relics and documentary value that are incomparable to the versions of other dynasties, and can be said to be Yoshimitsu Katayu, which is extremely precious. And the "Discussion of the Ministers of the State Dynasty" stored in the museum is exactly a Song carved masterpiece.
The book was written during the Chunxi dynasty, and in the twelfth year of Chunxi, Zhao Ruyu established the capital of Sichuan and Chengdu. This book was first inscribed when Zhao Ruyu took office in Sichuan, the specific time of engraving is unknown, and the later book board was destroyed in the war, and no printed copy survived. "According to the book, it was first carved in Shu, and it was destroyed by soldiers, and The History of Chun Youjian was re-engraved in Min." [7] Zhifuzhou, the grandson of Zhao Ruyu in the fifth year of Chunyou, "tasted the fate of the work and did not finish it", and after Shi Jiwen (Shi Rong's son) Quan Fujian Lu tied up the prison affairs, paid for the engraving, and engraved it in the whole book of Chun You's ten years. [4] This is a record of the Song version. After the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Book of the Yuan Dynasty was reprinted three times, the time was the fourth year of Yuan Dade, the fourth year of the Great Yuan, the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty edition was transported to the Nanjing Guozijian, and a movable type print appeared.
The Bibliography of Ancient Chinese Books contains: The editions of the Song Dynasty include Song Carving, Song Carving Yuan Revision, Song Carving Yuanming Revised Edition, and so on. Among them, the National Library of China has three kinds of "Song Chunyou Ten Years Fuzhou Shi ji Wen Carved Yuan Xiu Ben" and song Chun You Ten Years Fuzhou Shi Ji Wen Carved Yuan Ming Shuo Xiu Ben four kinds, all of which are not completed; The Shanghai Library stores one hundred and fifty volumes of the Song Chunyou Ten-Year History Of Wen Fuzhou Carved Yuanming (Catalogue with Qing Manuscript), and the Heilongjiang Provincial Library stores two volumes of the Song Chunyou Ten-Year History Of Wenfuzhou Carved Yuanming Manuscript. [8] The Harbin Municipal Library and the Jilin Provincial Library have all the remnants of the Song Chunyou Ten-Year History Of The Wen fuzhou carved yuan revisions; In addition, the Beijing Library collects the Zhang Jinwu Ai Ri Jinglu Collection song carved Yuan Xiu Ming print, and the LIBRARY of Congress holds a Yuan seal that has not been repaired by the Yuan people (it is also recorded that this copy is the Song carved Song print). [4]
In addition to the above-mentioned engravings, there are also movable type prints. According to Mr. Wang Chongmin's "Compendium of Chinese Good Books": "Tianyi Pavilion and Tieqin Bronze Sword Tower and song carvings, not to mention when they were printed. There are very few Song or Yuan seals, and their editions entered the Nanyong (Nanjing Guozijian) in the Ming Dynasty, so most of the existing ming seals are today. Ming Xishan Huashi Huitong Museum used to print it in movable type according to this book." [7] It can be seen that in addition to the Song engravings, the Song Discussion also has a bronze movable type print of the Minghui Tongguan, which is also printed by chunyou, and has collections from the National Library of China, the Library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Shanghai Library, the Tianjin Library, etc., of which the Movable Type Print of the National Library has Qing Shao En Duo And.
3 The museum has a version of the "Discussion of the Ministers of the State Dynasty"
Our museum collects the "Song Dynasty Ministers' Proposal" for the Song carved Yuan Ming revision, the remnants of sixty-one to sixty-two volumes, handed over to the Yuan, Ming famous bibliophiles collection, and once into the Qing Palace, there are many Qing Palace collection seals, is a rare Song edition treasures.
3.1 Pattern analysis
The museum has a volume of "Concerto Discussion", that is, volumes 61 to 62, kuanggao 21. 4 cm, width 16. 5 cm. Half-leaf eleven lines, twenty-three lines, small characters double lines the same. White mouth, double black fish tail, left and right sides. Remember the number of words in the heart, the number of volumes and pages in the middle, and the name of the engraver on the bottom. The inscription is "The Ministers of the State Dynasty Play Discussion", and this line is the same as the Surviving Song Carved Chun Yu Ben.
3. 2 Engraving
According to the engraving of the name of the engraver in the book and the search for the "Index of the Names of the Ancient Books of the Song and Yuan Periodicals"[9] (referred to as the "Song and Yuan Periodicals") and the "Chinese Ancient Books Engraving Dictionary"[10] (referred to as the "Engraving Dictionary") to check the dynasties and engravings of the engravers.
From the "List of Engravers of the "National Dynasty Ministers", it can be seen that except for the single-character engravers in the book that are not included in the tool book, the rest of the engravers with complete names can be found in the tool book, and the vast majority of the engravers are Song Dynasty engravers, and only "Li Bao", "Chen Yong", and "Ren Zhong" are recorded in the tool book as the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. The "Song and Yuan Periodicals" and "Edition Engraving Dictionary" also gave a detailed introduction to the engraving activities in which the engravers mainly participated, which showed that most of the engravers in the book participated in the engraving of the "Song Discussion". Further explain that the book is a Song carving.
3.3 Avoidance
It can be seen from the avoidance of secrecy in the book that on page 2 of volume 61, "Gandang" is "Gou Dang", which was changed to avoid the "structure" of Emperor Gaozong of Song, and was later used. From the overall page of the book, it is more beautiful to change the words and avoid the secret than to avoid the lack of pen, and it can maintain the integrity and coherence of the article, and can also glimpse the profound cultural heritage of the editor Zhao Ruyu. The words "righteousness" and "completion" in the two volumes of the museum have not been evaded, which shows that the avoidance of these two volumes is not strict.
3.4 Tibetan seal
The title page of the library before and after the book is Zhu Wenyin "Wufu Wudaitang Ancient Rare Tianzibao", "Eight Treasures of the Eight Treasures", "The Treasure of the Taishang Emperor", "Wufu Wudai tangbao", and the first of the sixty-one volumes contain Zhu Wenyin "Qianlong Imperial Treasure", "Tianyi Linlang", "Shangbao Temple Qing Table Zhongcheng Family Book Painting Print", Bai Wenyin "Wenshi Zhu Family Collection Book Seal", "Ni Clan Yunlin Family Collection", "Water Village Lu Clan Treasure". Sixty-two volumes of the last zhu wen seal "Qianlong Royal Treasure", "Heavenly Dragon Linlang", and the white text seal "Dong Wu Wang Clan Collection". It is written in the "Later Compilation of the Bibliography of Tianlu Linglang": "It is a book that has been treasured by all readers in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. Sixty-one volumes have 'Old Books of the Yunlin Family of the Ni Family' and 'White Seal of the Wenshi Zhu Family Collection', which are the same as the library's books; "Volumes 61 and 62 contain the 'White Seal of the Collection of the King of Dong'wu'", and the sixty-two volumes of the library have this seal; "Volume 62 'Shangbao Temple Secretary Yuan Zhongcheng Family Collection Of Books and Painting Prints' Zhu Wenyin, Volume 63 'Water Village Lu Clan Treasures' Bai Wen". [11] The location and content of the plutonium printing are different from the actual printing position and content of the books in the library.
The Bibliography of Tianlu Linlang (天禄林琅書書書) fan Xianyun (凡例云) "Each book is preceded and followed by the Imperial Seal II, known as the 'Treasure of the Qianlong Imperial Collection', and the 'Tianlu Linlang',[12] which is the same as the 61st and 62nd Volumes of the Library zhu Wenyin "Qianlong Imperial Treasure" and "Tianlu Linlang". It can be seen that this book should be the book that the "Tianlu Lingliang Bibliography" wanted to receive but did not receive. According to Liu Qiang's "Compilation of The "Bibliographic Books" of Tianlu Linlang, this book is both a bibliographic book of the Current Compilation of the Tianlu Linlang Books (i.e., the Tianlu Linlang Bibliography) and a bibliographic book of the Tianlu Linlang Bibliography.[14] The title page of this book reads "Wufu Wudaitang Ancient Rare Tianzibao, Eight Fortunes of The Treasure, Emperor Taishang's Treasure, Wufu Five Generations of Tangbao", and this seal is customized for the "Tianlu Linlang Bibliography Later Edition".
The book contains the seal of "Ni's Yunlin Family Collection", indicating that this book was collected by Ni Yunlin in the Yuan Dynasty. Ni Zhan, a native of Wuxi, Changzhou, Yuanmingjian, is a resident of Yunlin. Erudite, good and ancient, there is a Qingju Pavilion, thousands of volumes, gong poetry and painting, and Huang Gongwang, Wang Meng, and Wu Zhen are the four families of the Yuan Dynasty. [3] In 1922, the book was covered with "Shangbao Temple Qing Table Zhongcheng Family Collection Of Books and Painting Prints", and the "Tianlu Linlang Bibliography Later Compilation" was written as "Shangbao Temple Qing Yuan Zhongcheng Family Collection Of Books And Picture Prints". Yuan Zhongcheng (清), a native of Ningbo, Zhejiang, Ming Dynasty, is a Chinese poet who has been writing jingsi, a young inheritor of his father's technique, and a jingxiang method. At the beginning of Yongle, he summoned the preamble class of Hongxu Temple and progressively promoted Shang Baosi Shaoqing. [3] In 1839, his father Liu Zhuangjushi , Ming Shi ( Ming Shi ): "In the Yuan Dynasty, there were already famous people, and there were tens of hundreds of scholars and doctors, and their misfortunes in life and death, the size of their delay, and the time and time were all among them." [13] Yuan Zhongche passed on his father's art from an early age, and was given the title of Emperor Zhong, who met Wang Wen, Yu Qian, and others. The "Ming Shi Guanzhi" has Shang Bao Si, no Shang Bao Temple, here when the "Si" is mistaken for a temple, the book "table" instead of "Yuan", or other reasons?
The collector of the "Wenshi Zhu Family Collection" is Zhu Dashao, a famous bibliophile during the Ming Jiajing period. "Water Village Lu Clan Treasure Play" that is, Lu Guan, Ming Suzhou Prefecture Changzhou people, character Quanqing, number water village, Chenghua twenty-three years of jinshi, Zhengde Chu, guan Jiangxi according to the envoy. Later, the officers and soldiers were shangshu. [3] 1306 "Dong Wu Wang Clan Collection" is the Ming Dynasty Wang Pet Collection Seal, Wang Pet (1494 - 1533) Ming Suzhou Wu County people, character Lu Ren, number Yayishan people. From zhusheng tribute to the state sub-prison. Gong calligraphy and painting. Yu Shu has everything to see. [3]108
It can be seen from the above that the "Song Discussion" in the library was once included in the Qing Dynasty Royal Library "Tianlu Linlang", and stamped many seals in the Collection of the Qing Palace, and handed over to the collection of famous bibliophiles such as Ni Zhan, Lu Wan, Wang Pet, Zhu Dashao, etc., and its preciousness is unmatched by other Song engravings.
3. 5 Version Comparison
3. 5. 1 Comparison with the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei
The website of the National Palace Museum in Taipei contains the original title of the collection "Song Chun You Ben Zhen Chen Song Discussion", numbered Gu Shan 014199 - 014255, Song Chun Yu Ten Years Fuzhou Road Ti Shi Ji Wen Periodical Yuan Ming Revised Edition, stored one hundred and forty-five volumes, catalog three volumes, missing catalog volume 2 and volume 61 to 65, a total of fifty-seven volumes, half leaf eleven lines, line twenty-three characters, left and right sides, the number of words in the edition, the name of the engraver, and the title seal is accumulated, and the source of the literature is the Old Collection of the Qing Palace. According to the scrolls, we can see the seals "Xie Xueshi Seal", "Ni Clan Yunlin Family Collection", "Wenshi Zhu Family Collection Of Picture Books", "Dong wu Wang's collection", "Shangbao Temple's Qing Table Zhongzhi Family Collection", "Qianlong Yuqing's Treasure", "Tian's Linglang", and the title page "Eight Signs of Remembrance", "Emperor Taishang's Treasure", and "Wufu WudaitangBao".
Taipei National Palace collection of "Concerto Discussion" missing volumes 61 to 65, our museum collection of "Concert discussion" volume 61 to 62, after comparison, Taipei National Palace "Concerto" and our collection of the same line, the collection of the Qing Palace is the same, the bibliophile collection seal is also mostly the same, and the Taipei National Palace is missing volumes, some of our museum has a collection. It can be seen that the Collection of the National Palace museum in Taipei and the "Song Discussion" collected by our museum are actually a book, and they are also the objects of the old collection of the Qing Palace. The national palace collection edition of Taipei has the words "Supplement to the June of the Fourth Year of Dade", "Supplement to the Great Year of the First Year", "Supplement to the Second Year of the Yuan Dynasty", etc. The nineteenth leaf of volume 136 has a line of ink on the back of the paper "Jiaxing Province on June 15, the first year of Tianshun". [14] It can be seen that the Forbidden City and the "Song Discussion" stored in our museum are both Song carved Yuan Ming manuscripts.
3. 5. 2 Comparison with The Reconstructed Rare Book
The "Song Discussion" in the "Reconstructed Rare Book" is a photocopy of the Song Chunyou Ten Years Fuzhou Shi Ji Wen Carved YuanMing Manuscript stored in the Shanghai Library, and the sixty-first and sixty-two volumes of them are compared with the "Concerto Discussion" in the library, and there is a phenomenon of missing broken versions in the upper left corner and upper right corner of the "Sonata Discussion" in the "Reconstructed Rare Book", and there is no such defect in the "Concerto Discussion" stored in our library. There are obvious traces of plate breaks in the fifth and sixth leaves of volume 61 and one-half of the first and second leaves of volume 62 of volume 62. The fifth and sixth pages of volume 61 of the "Song Discussion" in our library are not broken, and the first and second leaves of volume 62 are the same as the "Reconstructed Rare Books", but the handwriting is clearer than that of the "Reconstructed Rare Books". It can be seen that the version of the "Song Discussion" stored in our library should be earlier than the version of the Shanghai Library, and it should be the earlier version of the Song Carved Yuanming.
4 Conclusion
"The Discussion of the Ministers of the State Dynasty" is an important work of the History Department, the content is extremely rich, the historical value, the value of seniority is extremely precious, and the Song Chunyou Ten Years History Of Wen Fuzhou Carved Yuanming Manuscript in our library is an earlier and better quality in the surviving version of the book. Although there are not only one kind of Song Li and the receptive repair of this book, only this part is included in the Qing Palace, and it is recorded in the "Later Compilation of the Bibliography of Tianlu Linlang", and handed over to famous collectors such as Ni Zhan, Lu Quan, Wang Pet, Zhu Dashao, etc. Although it is a fragment, it is indeed a rare and precious rare book with extremely high documentary value, and it is also the best physical evidence of the Qing Palace's book fragrance wafting to the border of the Longjiang River. The "Song Discussion" stored in our library and the National Palace Museum in Taipei are actually the same book, which can be used to borrow the separation between the two sides of the strait, and look forward to the future they can be combined to achieve the good story of cultural inheritance and Yanjin.
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(Qing) Lu Xinyuan. The Collected Works of the Song Dynasty[M].Beijing:Zhonghua Bookstore,1987.]
[6] (Qing) Yong Yao,Ji Yun. General Catalogue of Siku Quanshu[M].Beijing:Zhonghua Bookstore,1987.]
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[8] Bibliography of Ancient Chinese Books[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,1990.]
Wang Zhaowen. Index of Names of Workers in Ancient Books of the Song and Yuan Dynasties[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,1990.
Qu Mianliang. Dictionary of Ancient Chinese Editions[M].Jinan:Qilu Book Society,1999.]
(11] (Qing) Peng Yuanrui. Beijing: Zhonghua Bookstore, 2006: Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties, Vol. 17, Vol. 420.
(12] (Qing) Yu Minzhong. Beijing: Zhonghua Bookstore, 2006: Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties, Vol. 17, Fan Case 2.
[13] (Qing) Ji Yun. Taipei: The Commercial Press of Taiwan, 1986: Ming Shi 299 vol. 11.
LIU Qiang. Journal of Tsinghua University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2010 (6): 118.
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