introduction
For Wu Ruolan, the famous American writer Smedley mentioned in "The Great Road":
"She is really well known among the farmers, a tenacious farmer organizer."
In addition to the identity of the peasant organizer, Wu Ruolan also has an identity, that is, Zhu De's wife. In his later years, Jude loved orchids, mainly in memory of his dead wife, Wu Ruolan.
Pictured| The Monument to the Martyrs of Wu Ruolan
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="8" >01 Why did Jude love orchids in his later years</h1>
In 1962, at the age of 76, Zhu De returned to Jinggangshan, where he had been fighting for many years. Coming to the side of the cliff, I saw several orchids growing in the cracks in the stone. Despite his advanced age, he had to climb to the edge of the cliff to pick orchids.
The guards on the side were worried about his health and offered to do the work, but Zhu De insisted that he would pick it himself. Zhu De personally dug out the orchids carefully and brought a few "Jinggang orchids" to his home for careful cultivation.
Looking at the vibrant appearance of the orchid, Zhu De couldn't help but think of a thousand thoughts, and immediately gave a poem called "Wing Lan":
Jinggang Mountain is a youlan,
Trees and trees are planted with grass crabs.
Man Daolin knows that there are few,
Looking for Fang Wanli several times.
Jude and Wu Ruolan met in February 1928. At that time, Zhu De and Chen Yi led their men to Leiyang. At that time, Wu Ruolan was organizing a peasant army with the underground party to assist the troops in attacking the landlords' armed militia and organizing young people to participate in the peasant uprising.
Wu Ruolan was not only a very good revolutionary worker, but also a man of both culture and martial arts and bravery in battle. Not only the fierceness of revolutionary women and outstanding marksmanship; but also the charm of intellectual women, who write beautiful brush words in one hand, and have always had the reputation of "talented women of the Yang Dynasty" and "goddess gunners".
Pictured| Jude and Orchid
Wu Ruolan was born in March 1906 in Chen Nanyangtang Village, Leiyang, Hunan Province, to a family of scholars. Her father was a private school teacher and her mother was an ordinary housewife.
The couple named their daughter Wu Ruolan, hoping that she would be as clean and fragrant as the orchid. There are six brothers and sisters in Wu Ruolan's family, and she is the fifth oldest.
Unlike ordinary girls, Wu Ruolan has been smart and clever since childhood, has courage and knowledge, has a chivalrous temperament in her bones, and likes to fight for people.
According to folk customs, girls have to wrap their feet at a certain age. When Wu Ruolan was 4 years old, her grandmother wrapped her little feet.
Wu Ruolan, who didn't understand it, obediently wrapped her small feet, but she didn't expect that walking under her feet was a drill-like pain. As soon as he turned around, he secretly threw away the shroud.
When Grandma learned of this, she clamored for her to wrap her up, and the villagers advised her, but she just wouldn't. When the patriarch of the Wu Clan Ancestral Hall heard about this, he summoned Wu Ruolan's family to the ancestral hall and wanted to forcibly bind Wu Ruolan's feet.
But Wu Ruolan was not frightened, but asked righteously: "Why don't boys wrap their feet, but girls must wrap their feet?" ”
Pictured| older generation of foot-bound people
After listening to this, the patriarch could only reluctantly say: "This is the custom and rule handed down from the ancestors, and no one can violate it." Girls must tie their feet, otherwise this is a bad custom, and no one will marry you in the future! ”
Wu Ruolan retorted after listening to yizheng's words: "Anyway, I just don't bind my feet, even if I can't marry out in the future, I don't need you to take care of it, this is my own business." The patriarch really couldn't help Wu Ruolan, so he had to follow her wishes. Since then, Wu Ruolan has become the first girl in the local area not to have to wrap her feet.
When he was 8 years old, Wu Ruolan came to a private school to study. At the age of 12, she was admitted to the prefectural girls' vocational school. At the age of 21, she was admitted to the Hunan Provincial No. 3 Girls' School with excellent results.
In school, Wu Ruolan was very diligent and studious, and at the same time, she gradually came into contact with many progressive ideas and read many revolutionary books.
In May 1925, after the outbreak of the May Thirtieth Movement, Wu Ruolan actively organized the school's classmates to launch a demonstration, shouting the slogan of "Down with imperialism and swear to die not to be a slave to the country".
In addition, Wu Ruolan also organized his classmates to burn a large number of Japanese goods, and the local citizens all clapped their hands and applauded. In the vigorous revolutionary struggle, Wu Ruolan showed a fearless spirit and a strong revolutionary will.
Picture | the teaching building of hunan provincial third girls' school
In the autumn of 1926, under the introduction of He Baozhen and Mao Zejian, Wu Ruolan officially joined the Communist Party of China and officially embarked on the road of revolution with the approval of the school party organization.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="27" >02 Wu Ruolan actively participated in the revolution in Leiyang</h1>
Dispatched by the party organization, Wu Ruolan came to Leiyang in 1926 to participate in the Peasant Games, and became a member of the local executive committee of the Communist Youth League and the head of the Women's Department.
In the local area, Wu Ruolan led the women of the county to break through the feudal shackles, leading the foot movement and cutting women's hair, which caused great repercussions in the local area.
At the same time, Wu Ruolan, together with the local county peasant associations and trade unions, mobilized the masses and actively carried out the struggle to overthrow the local tycoons and inferior gentry, reduce rents and interests, and protect the interests of workers and peasants. In addition, in order to protect the interests of workers and peasants, Wu Ruolan held night schools in the countryside to impart knowledge to them and propagate revolutionary principles.
During the establishment of the night school, Wu Ruolan also compiled a song:
"Today the world is too unjust, the rich are poor and the poor are poor, the rich are high-rise drinking wine, and the poor are shirtless and drinking the north wind."
Through this ballad, Wu Ruolan exposed the class oppression at that time and inspired the peasant masses to raise their class consciousness. Not long after, Wu Ruolan soon became an influential female Communist Party member at that time.
In 1927, after the Ma-Ri Incident in Changsha, the white terror gradually enveloped the city of Leiyang, and some revolutionaries who did not stand firm rebelled one after another, resulting in serious damage to the party organization, and Wu Ruolan was also regarded as a key wanted object by the reactionaries for joining the revolution.
Seeing that her daughter was wanted, Wu Ruolan's parents advised her: "Sister Lan, you should hurry up and go outside to take refuge!" ”
Pictured| the Ma-Ri Incident
Wu Ruolan heard his parents say this and said very firmly: "People who engage in revolution cannot be greedy for life and afraid of death. Even if caught by the enemy, the big deal is a death, at most kill the head, which is no big deal! ”
Even in the white terror, Wu Ruolan was not afraid at all, insisting on fighting the enemy together with Liu Tai, Deng Zonghai and others. Once, Wu Ruolan was alone at home processing documents. Suddenly, the enemy quickly rushed to the mouth of the village. The villagers immediately realized that this was the arrest of Wu Ruolan, so they quickly helped her block the entrance to the village.
At a critical moment, Wu Ruolan, with the help of a farmer, fled by boat to the other side of the river. When the enemy saw Wu Ruolan running away, he could only scream at the riverside.
In 1927, the underground CCP organization in Leiyang resumed its activities and established guerrilla forces to fight against local gentry on the front line. Under the blows of Wu Ruolan and others, the local local tycoons and gentry fled to the city in fear.
Ouyang Gufei, the county magistrate of Leiyang County at the time, was a reactionary who brutally killed many Communists, and the locals called him "The Living King of Yan". But Wu Ruolan was not afraid at all, and after consulting with the 6 young women, she decided to come to the city to find a way to punish them.
Picture | portrait of Wu Ruolan
On the evening of December 12, the north wind roared and the wind and snow mixed. At the north gate of Leiyang County, several ragged women passed through the city gate carrying bags, and several people were Wu Ruolan. After entering through the city gates, they quietly hid at the underground contact point.
In the dead of night, Wu Ruolan and several women divided into three groups and began to post slogans everywhere, and Wu Ruolan and a companion quietly came to the door of the county government, took out from the baggage the slogans they had already written, and pasted them on both sides of the door. After the sign was posted, they quickly withdrew from the city.
The next morning, the door of the county magistrate Ouyang Gu's room was slammed, only to hear someone shouting outside the door: "County magistrate, last night there were communists moving around the city, and they also put up slogans on the wall, and they came to you last night!" ”
After hearing the news, Ouyang Gu quickly got dressed and quickly walked out of the door, only to see that there was a piece of paper posted on the two doors at the door, which read: "First kill the reactionary officials, then kill the local tycoons and inferior gentry, and then kill the reactionary regiment!" ”
When Ouyang Gu saw a few lines, his face instantly turned livid, and he tore off the slogan fiercely, and the subordinates who were angry and frustrated and regurgitated looked after the good home, and on the pretext of returning to the province to have something to do, they actually slipped away quietly.
Later, after Zhu De led his troops to attack the county seat of Leiyang County, he did not even capture the county magistrate, but only wang Zengkui, the director of the maintenance association.
After Zhu De successfully conquered Leiyang, he organized and established Soviet governments at all levels, mobilizing the masses to divide the land without inserting standards and fighting local tyrants and inferior gentry. At that time, Wu Ruolan served as the chairman of the county women's federation, leading the women to deliver boiling water, carry stretchers, and carry out women's propaganda, which was well received by local farmers.
After seeing the growth of the citizen organization, she found that many of the fighters did not even have shoes on their feet. Seeing this, Wu Ruolan mobilized the women of the county to turn straw shoes for them, and the barefoot soldiers could finally succeed in killing the enemy on the battlefield.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="42" >03 Jude's encounter and love with Wu Ruolan</h1>
It was during the years of revolution and struggle that the hearts of Zhu De and Wu Ruolan gradually drew closer, resulting in a pure revolutionary friendship.
One afternoon, Wu Ruolan ran to Jude's office and stuffed a small package wrapped in a printed towel to Jude. Zhu De was confused for a while, opened the package and looked at it, it turned out to be a brand new pair of cloth shoes.
Pictured| Old photo of Zhu De
Then, Jude found a piece of paper inside his shoe, only to see a poem written on it:
Don't be a hero with a dress, and be willing to suffer poverty for the people. The revolutionary road is long dust and soil, and only with shoes can we succeed.
After reading this poem, Zhu De's heart seemed to gush into a warm current. Since then, he has been carefully treasured by these cloth shoes, and he has not been willing to wear them.
Once, Zhu De passed by Majia Lane and saw Wu Ruolan standing on a chair, writing propaganda slogans on the wall with lime water. Jude stopped and silently stopped to watch.
It took a long time for Wu Ruolan, who was seriously writing, to feel that there seemed to be someone around him, and at first he thought that a propaganda team member was coming, but he did not even raise his head and said: "Quickly help me lift the lime bucket." ”
Jude did not speak either, silently lifting the lime bucket up. When Wu Ruolan had written the sign, he looked back and said in surprise, "Commander, how are you?" ”
Zhu De just smiled and said, "It turns out that Lan Meizi is not only a poet, but also a calligrapher!" After Wu Ruolan listened, his face couldn't help but blush.
Soon, Zhu De and Wu Ruolan fell in love.
Pictured| slogan wall from the revolutionary period
In March of that year, the two, with the cooperation of Deng Zonghai, secretary of the Leiyang County Party Committee, and Liu Tai, officially held a lively and simple wedding ceremony in an ancestral hall of the Shuidong Soviet regime in Leiyang.
When the two walked shoulder to shoulder to the cave room, Wu Ruolan said, "I don't look very pretty, and I still have numbness on my face, so I'm a bit unworthy of you!" ”
Zhu De smiled and said, "What does it matter if you have hemp on your face?" Since you are Mazi, I am the beard, and the two of us live a fair life together. ”
Just as their comrade-in-arms Duan Aiying's lover Wang Zhancheng passed by, he said:
"Bearded hemp in pairs, sloppy head to sleep." Only heroes are heroes, and each should be the commander-in-chief of each. ”
As soon as this sentence came out, everyone was laughed out loud, and the atmosphere was very warm for a while.
Shortly after the two were newly married, Wu Ruolan was transferred to the first division of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army to work, and fought side by side with Zhu De, officially starting her career as a horseman.
At the end of April 1928, Wu Ruolan followed Zhu De and the rebel army to Jinggangshan and witnessed the two armies of Zhu Mao meeting at Jinggangshan.
The | oil painting by Zhu Maohui
After Zhu Mao joined the division, Zhu De became the commander of the Red Fourth Army, and Wu Ruolan served as the leader of the propaganda team of the Political Department of the Red Fourth Army. The two fought side by side and became a revolutionary couple and a loving couple praised by everyone in Jinggangshan.
In order to adapt to the dangerous living environment at that time, Wu Ruolan practiced the skill of shooting guns with both hands. She once said to others: "If your right hand is killed and wounded during the course of a battle, your left hand can still destroy the enemy." ”
Because of his outstanding marksmanship, Wu Ruolan soon became a famous "two-gun female general" in the Red Army. In the process of work, Wu Ruolan carried two guns and held a brush in his hand, looking heroic and cool, very polite.
In order to mobilize the masses, Wu Ruolan led his team members to carry out extensive propaganda in the countryside. In the lofty mountains of Jinggang Mountain, Wu Ruolan's firm footsteps were left. On the steep cliff face, the slogan written by Wu Ruolan was printed. In the messages and orders of the Red Fourth Army, Wu Ruolan's sweat was soaked.
In accordance with the instructions of the Military Commission of the Fourth Red Army and the Xianggan-Gansu Border Special Committee of the CPC, Wu Ruolan led a propaganda team to go deep into Tangnan Village in Ninggang County, carried out a campaign to divide the fields, and also helped the villagers to wash and cook, chop wood and carry water, and punish the landlords and gentry who oppressed the people, thus making this place a model for the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area.
In the famous Battle of the Seven Streams Water Ridge, Wu Ruolan led the propaganda team and the main force to quickly occupy the commanding heights of Wangyue Pavilion. The enemy pounced again and again on the hill with the strength of 5 regiments, all of which were repelled again and again by the heroic Red Army.
Pictured| warriors are fighting
In addition to undertaking propaganda and encouragement work, Wu Ruolan also cooperated with the main force to fight the enemy and bandage the wounds of the wounded. Using seven or eight machine guns as cover, the enemy made a desperate bet and successfully seized the windmill mouth of the forward position of Wangyueting, directly threatening the command post of the Red Army.
At such a critical juncture, Wu Ruolan jumped out of the trench with two guns in both hands and rushed towards the enemy without hesitation. The enemy's sudden attack was frightened, desperately fleeing backwards, the Red Army successfully recaptured the windmill mouth, and the battle was won.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="62" >04 In the battle of Zhen, Wu Ruolan was captured</h1>
On January 14, 1929, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led the Red Fourth Army to leave Jinggangshan and advance towards Gannan Province, and Wu Ruolan also followed the troops south.
Along the way, Wu Ruolan and the masses in various localities actively propagated the purpose of the Red Army, and distributed everywhere the "Bulletin of the Headquarters of the Fourth Red Army" signed by Mao Zedong and Zhu De.
On February 1, the Red Army brigade came to Zhenxia Village in Xunwu County to camp. On February 2, when it was dark, our military headquarters was suddenly attacked by the enemy's Liu Shiyi troops.
Since the Red Army had been marching and fighting for days, it had not yet had time to rest. As soon as the guards were negligent, the enemy's troops took the opportunity to rush to Zhenxia and surrounded the Red Army troops, and the situation was very dangerous. For a time, Zhenxia Village was shrouded in a rain of bullets and bullets, and the battle was very fierce.
Photo | Liu Shiyi
At this moment, Mao Zedong calmly responded to the battle. Zhu De immediately organized two battalions of troops to join the battle, personally leading the soldiers to break through. Wu Ruolan, on the other hand, only followed Zhu De and participated in the battle together, and engaged in a desperate struggle and struggle with the soldiers who swarmed with the enemy troops.
At the critical moment, Wu Ruolan took off The yellow coat on Zhu De's body, draped it on himself, and led a dozen guards and fighters to break through in another direction.
The enemy mistakenly thought that Wu Ruolan was Zhu De, so he kept in hot pursuit, thus successfully protecting Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Chen Yi and other military commanders to retreat safely.
In the rain of bullets, Wu Ruolan was unfortunately shot in both legs, unfortunately captured by the enemy army, and was escorted to the 29th Regiment Headquarters of the 15th Brigade of the enemy in Ganzhou. When the enemy learned that she was Zhu De's wife, he immediately reported to Liu Shiyi. When Liu Shiyi heard that he had captured the wife of the leader of the Communist Party, he was ecstatic for a while and quickly called Chiang Kai-shek to ask for merit and reward.
When Chiang Kai-shek on the side of the phone heard about this, he also received the treasure and quickly ordered the front-line commander to "use both soft and hard to use for me as much as possible." ”
The enemy seduced her with money and high-ranking officials, hoping to obtain the secrets of the Red Army from her mouth. In the face of various interrogations by the enemy, Wu Ruolan adhered to his principles and was not overthrown.
When the angry enemy saw this, he tortured her in various ways. After repeated tiger stools, hanging up and beating, and filling with pepper water, none of them changed Wu Ruolan's revolutionary beliefs.
Seeing that all her previous efforts had been exhausted and had achieved nothing, the enemy made another plan and said to her falsely: "You are still very young, as long as you and Zhu De are disconnected, we will give you the high-ranking official Houlu and give you freedom." ”
Photo | Chiang Kai-shek
After hearing this, Wu Ruolan only snorted contemptuously, raised his head high, threw his short hair, and said righteously: "If you want me to surrender and surrender myself, you are really daydreaming." Want me to surrender, let me and Zhu De break off relations, unless the sun comes out from the west and the Ganjiang River flows backwards! ”
When the enemy saw that all kinds of threats and inducements were useless, he decided to kill the killer. On February 12, Wu Ruolan was brutally murdered by the enemy in the Wei Mansion in Ganzhou, at the age of 26, less than a year after she and Zhu De were married.
In accordance with Chiang Kai-shek's instructions to "behead and show the public," the enemy hung her head high on the street of Changsha, Hunan Province, and published two articles in the newspaper admiring the heads.
After seeing the two articles, Mao Zedong's wife, Yang Kaihui, could not help but be indignant and wrote the article "Feelings of Sorrow," in which she denounced the crime of the reactionaries brutally killing communists.
After Wu Ruolan was killed, Zhu De only learned of his wife's murder in the newspaper in March. However, after confirming the news in the Kuomintang newspaper, he could not accept it for a while and was in pain.
In front of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, who had always been fierce, cried in front of Mao Zedong, and he cried and muttered: "She will not only fight wars, but also publicize ... Such a good woman is really rare in the world! ”
Tu | Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Peng Dehuai and others together
In the next battle, the hero shed tears and parted from life and death, which became a rare sad thing in Zhu De's life. And Wu Ruolan is like a pure orchid, blooming on Jinggang Mountain. In honor of Wu Ruolan, Jude poured his lifelong thoughts into the orchid.
Zhu De loved orchids all his life and wrote more than 40 poems, pinning his thoughts on Wu Ruolan. In February 1964, Jude looked at my blooming spring orchid. I couldn't help but feel the emotion of the scene and wrote a poem "Chunlan":
The East thaws and sprouts new shoots,
Flower buds greet spring to see things.
Light dressing original national color,
Qing Fang who won the orchid.
In 2008, Zhu De's granddaughter Liu Keming and granddaughter Zhu Yuzhen came to Leiyang, Hunan. Here, not only the traces of Zhu De's early revolution are left, but also a witness to his unforgettable feelings.
When Liu Keming was very young, he had heard the story of Wu Ruolan and knew that she was a talented and famous woman who died heroically in battle because of covering Zhu De.
For this revolutionary martyr at home, Zhu De always had reverence. This time when they came to Leiyang, they learned that Wu Ruolan's martyr's certificate was only awarded to her in 1983, 54 years later.
The figure | a descendant of Zhu De
In September 2008, the two again traveled from Beijing to Leiyang to look for Wu Ruolan's relatives. With the help of the Party History Research Office of the Leiyang Municipal Party Committee, they found Wu Ruolan's nephew Wu Tianxiao, clasped his hands tightly and said: "Uncle, Wu Ruolan is the benefactor of our Zhu family, if there were no Wu Ruolan, there would be no Zhu family today, and China's history may be rewritten." ”