The former site of Jinling Manufacturing Bureau is located in Nanjing Chenguang 1865 Industrial Park, No. 1 Zhengxue Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. Jinling Manufacturing Bureau is the pioneer of China's national industry, the first modern mechanization factory in Nanjing, and one of the four major arsenals in China, known as the "cradle of China's national military industry", is a national key cultural relics protection unit, and is also an important place for the underground party of the Communist Party of China to carry out the workers' movement.
Old shadow of Jinling Manufacturing Bureau
The new look of the gate of Jinling Manufacturing Bureau
In 1862, Li Hongzhang founded a small arsenal in Songjiang, Shanghai, to manufacture military materials such as artillery shells and bullets.
In 1863, the small arsenal was moved to Suzhou and expanded, named Suzhou Foreign Artillery Bureau.
In 1865, Li Hongzhang was promoted from Inspector of Jiangsu to Governor of Liangjiang to Take Office in Nanjing, and moved the Suzhou Foreign Artillery Bureau to the ruins of the Xitian Temple at the east end of Broom Lane outside The JubaoMen (now Zhonghua Gate) in Nanjing, and renamed it the Jinling Manufacturing Bureau. From 1870 to 1879, the Jinling Manufacturing Bureau was constantly expanding, with three machine factories (main factory, left factory, right factory), rocket bureau, rocket sub-bureau, foreign pharmacy bureau, four bureaus of mine bureau, and sand turning, wrought iron, hot copper, copper coil, wood manufacturing factories, forming "its casting exercise, all without machine" large machine production.
The Cash Tomb Manufacturing Bureau preserves a number of buildings from the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period, and the existing buildings are mostly in the Western style, with herringbone roofs, triangular frames, and arched green brick walls of green bricks and clear water walls in the upper part of doors and windows, which are strong and spacious. In addition to the factory buildings left over from the Qing Dynasty, there are more than 30 factories and office buildings (rooms) in the Republic of China period, which are still in use today. This batch of living historical relics has made the Jinling Manufacturing Bureau a veritable "exhibition hall" of modern Chinese industrial architecture.
The Jinling Manufacturing Bureau is not only an old military industrial base in the Nanjing area, but also an important place for the workers' movement of our Party.
In 1925, the "May Thirtieth" massacre that shocked China and foreign countries occurred in Shanghai, and the British patrol openly shot and slaughtered the unarmed masses, killing thirteen people, seriously injuring dozens of people, and arresting more than 150 people, arousing great indignation among the people of Nanjing. The party led the Nanjing people to organize a support association to carry out an anti-imperialist patriotic movement, and hundreds of workers from the Jinling Manufacturing Bureau participated in the parade to support the nanjing people's anti-British struggle.
In 1926, the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China appointed Liang Wenzhi, Du Rui and other party members of the Jiangbei Puzhen Vehicle Factory to work in the Jinling Manufacturing Bureau and establish a party organization, which was under the leadership of the Nanjing Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China. Wen Wen and Liang Yong, heads of the Nanjing Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China, often come to the factory for activities.
In 1927, the Jinling Manufacturing Bureau Trade Union was established in Laojun Temple, and Jiang Jinsheng was elected as the president of the trade union and Liang Yong as the secretary of the trade union. In mid-November, in order to strengthen the leadership of the workers' movement in Nanjing, the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Sun Jinchuan to serve as a member of the Workers' Movement of the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee, went deep into the factory, mobilized the workers to struggle with the factory, opposed the misappropriation of wages, and demanded the payment of arrears of wages. At the same time, the party branch of Chengnan District focused its work on the Jinling Manufacturing Bureau, developing party members, collecting intelligence, posting slogans, distributing leaflets, and carrying out a series of activities.
In 1937, after the August 13 Incident, Japanese aircraft bombed Nanjing indiscriminately, and the arsenal was attacked many times, with heavy losses of equipment and personnel. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Jinling Manufacturing Bureau was forced to move west to Chongqing, and the original site was occupied by the Japanese army. After the Japanese army occupied Nanjing, the factory was used as a barracks for the garrison, and the Jinling Manufacturing Bureau was successively named after the Japanese commanders such as Takahashi and Takamori. The Japanese army also transported the machines looted from all over China here for installation and commissioning, and produced weapons, ammunition and other military materials.
In 1938, after the Jinling Manufacturing Bureau moved west to Chongqing, it was renamed the 21st Factory. The CCP Special Party Branch was secretly established in the factory. After Japan announced its unconditional surrender, the factory moved back to Nanjing and was renamed the Rokuo Arsenal.
In 1947, the CCP organization was re-established in the factory, and more than 10 party members were recruited successively. Party members secretly carried out various revolutionary activities, cooperated with the war of liberation, waged a struggle against the Kuomintang reactionaries, and reported to the higher-level Party organizations such as the information collected on factory production plans and other confidential information.
At the end of 1948, during the Battle of Huaihai, the Kuomintang saw that the defeat had been decided, so it relocated all the Six O Arsenals to Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The CCP organizations won over workers to resist the relocation when the factories moved to Taiwan; after the factories were relocated, they formed pickets to defend the factories and usher in liberation.
On April 27, 1949, representatives of the People's Liberation Army took over the factory, and underground party members organized workers to welcome the representatives of the People's Liberation Army to take over the factory, and a large number of military materials and some machine tools and equipment in the factory were completely handed over to the military representatives.
At the end of 1952, it was renamed as the state-owned 307 Factory, and in March 1980, it was renamed Nanjing Chenguang Machine Factory.
In June 1996, as one of the 100 pilot units of modern enterprise system in China, M&G Group was formally established and renamed Nanjing M&G Group Co., Ltd. In 2007, the Jinling Manufacturing Bureau reopened its doors and became "Nanjing Chenguang 1865 Industrial Park".
Related characters
Sun Jinchuan (1895-1928), male, also known as Fang Gan, used the names Sun Jingchuan and Sun Jisheng, a native of Shou County, Anhui. From 1927 to 1934, the Ccp's Nanjing Party organization suffered eight sabotages, and Sun Jinchuan was the main leader of the party organization who died the third time it was destroyed.
When Sun Jinchuan was 11 years old, he and his brother went to the Jinling Manufacturing Bureau in Nanjing as child laborers, and after completing their apprenticeships, they went to Shanghai to work.
The ruins of Sun Jinchuan's residence are located at No. 49, Beizushi'anyuan, Gulou District
In November 1927, Sun Jinchuan was sent to Nanjing by the party to serve as the secretary of the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China. In July 1928, he was arrested for betrayal by traitors. In October 1928, Sun Jinchuan bravely rebelled at Yuhuatai at the age of 33.
Resources:
1. "Nanjing Red Imprint (1921-1949)" Nanjing Publishing House
2. "Sacrifice - Dare to Teach the Sun and Moon for a New Heaven" CPC Party History Publishing House
Source: Qin Huai release
Audit: Ling Lock Party
Editor/Publisher: Wu Xia