In 1911, the stormy Qing Empire finally swallowed its last breath. With the establishment of the Republic of China government, a large number of high-ranking Officials and Officials of the Sunqing Dynasty who had smashed the royal rice bowl were forced to flee, and many people chose the German leased area "Jiao'ao" (the old name of Qingdao) not far from the capital and with pleasant scenery and climate, in order to seek the protection of the German colonial authorities in the Far East.
According to historical statistics, there were more than 120 relatives of the Sunqing Emperor and members of the imperial court who fled to Jiao'ao at that time, and although these people did not have the treatment of the Eight Flags, the rice bowl of the imperial family, and the status of a nobleman, they still had to hold the shelf, support the social status that no longer existed, connect with each other, organize various social groups and fraternities internally, and continue their aristocratic dreams in the "paradise" of Jiao'ao.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the birth of the "Ten Elders"</h1>
The initiator of the "Ten Elders' Society" was Lao Naixuan. This Lord Lao was also not an ordinary person, he served as the general supervisor of the Beijing Normal University in the Qing Empire, the deputy minister of yuan shikai's cabinet and other important positions, in the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Lao Naixuan was invited by Zhou Fu, the governor of Shandong province, to take refuge in Jiao'ao, and then settled here.
According to Lao Naixuan's own research, the origin of the "Lao" clan is that the ancestors lived in "Laoshan" and took this as their surname, and Lao Naixuan said that "Laoshan is the place where my family has a surname", and prides himself on being "Laoshan resident". Although he was a relict of the Qing Dynasty, he did have achievements in learning, and created the "Zhuyin Alphabet", which is the predecessor of the Hanyu Pinyin used now. During his youth, he was also entrusted by the German Wei Lixian to preside over the "Zunkong Wen Society".
Regarding the initiation of the "Ten Elders Society", Lao Naixuan wrote in the "Ten Old Figures and Travasa", "In the winter of the second year of the Republic of China, Qingdao was avoided,...... The remaining ten people are all old,......, because they are about ten old people. In February, I drank in the Zhou House and took photographs, each giving a poem. "This is the origin of the Ten Elders.
According to Lao Naixuan's records, when the Ten Elders Association was founded, "Zhou Fu (Zhou Fu) was seventy-eight, Lu (Lu Runqiu) was seventy-four, Lü (Lü Haihuan) and Liu (Liu Qiqi) were seventy-three, Wang (Wang Jiyin) and Yu (Lao Naixuan) were seventy-two, Zhao (Zhao Erxun), Tong (Tong Xiangxiong), Li (Li Sijing) were seventy-one, and Zhang (Zhang Renjun) was sixty-nine." ”
The place where the Ten Elders Association was founded was in Zhou Fu's home, on the one hand, Zhou Fu was the oldest of the Ten Elders, and on the other hand, he was the first to come to Qingdao to set up a family business, and the residence was spacious. In February 1913, the "Ten Elders Association" was officially established, everyone was happy and harmonious to take photos to commemorate the occasion, each person inscribed a poem to form the "Ten Old Figures", and Lao Naixuan wrote "Inscription".
There is a small episode in this, when organizing the Ten Elders' Association, Zhou Fu and others agreed that "those who are more than seventy years old are the Ten Elders' Association", and the members must be above seventy years old. In the end, those who came together, whose qualifications and prestige were commensurate, "were only nine people, and Zhang Anpu Shangshu was not yet seventy years old, because of the exception, please make enough of them." This past was written by Zhou Fu in the seventh year of the Republic of China in the "Book of the Ten Old Books", so in the inscription poems of the Ten Elders' Association at that time, the sixty-nine-year-old Zhang Renjun was used as a "supplement", and his poems were continued later.
These "ten elders" of the Qing Dynasty, leaving aside the political factors, are all "big winners" in terms of cultural literacy, they are all senior political dignitaries in the academic circles, and their academic origins can be described as rooted in Miaohong. In addition to the right way of the examination, profound learning, but also good at poetry and books of the "generation of celebrities", the ten elders are highly respected, in Jiao'ao's Old Circle of the Sunqing Dynasty, widely respected by everyone, after the establishment of the "high-end clubhouse", often take the opportunity of the party to write poetry and sentences, splash ink Danqing, of course, there are also deliberations and evaluations of current politics.
Who knew that the political situation of the Republic of China was unstable, and the new country that had just been established fell into the hands of Yuan Shikai, the "great thief who stole the country". Under the impact of the political situation, the ten elders who "have heavy responsibilities in their hearts" each have different opinions and go to different destinations, some participated in the restoration of the Sunqing imperial family, some were recruited to become officials of the Republic of China, and some ran enterprises. The Ten Elders' Society existed for less than a year in total, and because of the difference in The Tao, each of them "conspired with each other." In any case, the Ten Elders were still a good story at that time.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > [Epilogue] Introduction to the Ten Elders</h1>
Zhou Fu (1837~1921), whose ancestral home was Zhide, Anhui (present-day Dongzhi, Anhui), was ziyushan and nicknamed Lanxi. He once served as the governor of Shandong, the governor of Liangjiang, and the governor of Liangguang, and was deeply respected by Li Hongzhang, the minister of Beiyang, and was a veritable feudal official. Jiao'ao fell into German hands as a leased land, and he became the first senior Chinese official to visit Jiao'ao and meet with the German governor of Jiao'ao, and later proposed to open a Chinese commercial port in Jinan. His son, Zhou Xuexi, was the chief financial officer of the Republic of China and opened the Huaxin Spinning Factory (the predecessor of the Guomian Ninth Factory) in Qingdao, which was the largest national enterprise in the old Qingdao. Zhou Fu has a luxurious mansion at the intersection of Mengyin Road and Hunan Road (near qingdao old railway station), and a private villa in Taiping Cape.
Lu Run itch (1841 ~ 1915), whose ancestral home was Yuanhe (now Suzhou), Jiangsu, the character Yunsa, the number Fengshi, and the nickname Gusuo. In the thirteenth year (1874) of the reign of Emperor Muzong of the Qing Dynasty, he was initially conferred the post of Revisionist in the Imperial Court, successively serving as a cabinet scholar, a rebbe attendant, a bureaucrat Shangshu, and a left capital of the Duchayuan Zuodu Yushi, and in the year of the Xinhai Revolution, he was appointed as the chief president of the Bide Temple, the emperor of Yuqing Palace, and was awarded the Taibao . After Xinhai, he took refuge in Qingdao.
Lü Haihuan (1842~1927), whose ancestral home was Ye County, Shandong (present-day Laizhou City, Shandong), was a chinese character. When Germany occupied Qingdao, Lü Haihuan served as a Minister of Germany on behalf of the Qing Dynasty. According to the "Jiao'ao Zhi • Overseas Chinese Yu", after he returned to China in the ugly year, he co-founded business with Sheng Xuanhuai, presided over the taxation of the Jinpu Railway, and founded the Red Cross Society of China as the first president. After the Xinhai Revolution, Lü Haihuan lived in Qingdao and then went to Tianjin, and there are still many descendants living in Qingdao.
Liu Qiqi (1842 ~ 1920), whose ancestral home was Dehua, Jiangxi, the character Yunqiao, with the character line, the number of the hair tree, served as the envoy of the two Zhejiang salt transports, and the father of Liu Tingchen, the owner of one of the three major library buildings in Qingdao, "Hidden Building". Liu Xiaoqi once lamented that the Xinhai Revolution was "a great change in the program for thousands of years" in China. His residence is at No. 53 Hunan Road, which is the residence of Liu Tingchen, the "old man of the hidden building".
Lao Naixuan (1843~1921), whose ancestral home was Tongxiang, Zhejiang, was a jinshi in 1871, and was the chief supervisor of the Beijing Normal University hall and the deputy minister of the Faculty, and Laiqing presided over the "Zunkong Wenshe". During his stay in Qingdao, Lao Naixuan visited Laoshan many times, and once said that "in the foothills of Laoshan Mountain, I took the place where my family got my family's surname, and I called myself a resident of Laoshan Mountain". And there is a collection of poems "Laoshan Grass". The last twenty years of Lao Naixuan's life were spent in Qingdao.
Wang Jiyin (1843~1925), whose ancestral home was Fushan, Shandong (now Fushan District, Yantai), was a character in Shiwu, and his original name was Boluan. He was greatly appreciated by Zuo Zongtang and became the governor of Zhejiang, and after the abdication of the Qing Emperor, he moved from Zhejiang to Qingdao. When the Qing Emperor abdicated, he heard that Puyi had abdicated and cried, that is, he left Beijing with his family to return to his hometown and live in seclusion, unwilling to cut off his hair and braids, and was looked down upon by the townspeople, and then had to live in Qingdao to escape the world.
Zhao Erxun (1844~1927), whose ancestral home was Ye County, Shandong (present-day Laizhou, Shandong), was a governor of the three eastern provinces and a feudal official. After the Xinhai Revolution, he was appointed as the governor of Fengtian and resigned shortly thereafter. In November 1912, he lived in Qingdao. He participated in Lao Naixuan's "Zun Kong Wen Society", joined the "Ten Elders Society", once donated a book to the Taiqing Palace "Want to escape from the world of Zhuang Shuo, to listen to the LianHai Qin", he has a self-portrait, which is still stored in the Qingdao Municipal Museum.
Tong Xiangxiong (1844~?) ), whose ancestral home is Yin County, Zhejiang, zicishan, official to Shandong persuasion industry Daotai. After the Xinhai Revolution, he lived in seclusion in Qingdao, and died in Shanghai, and there is Tong Xiangxiong's former residence "Yintaidi" in Ningbo Yuehu Park. Tong Xiangxiong's grandfather and father were all jinshi, along with himself, so Tong had the saying of "one discipline and three jinshi".
Li Sijing (1844~?) ), his ancestral home was Fengtian Tieling (present-day Tieling, Liaoning). It was raised in 1875. Qing Qin En (the emperor's reward for his subjects), Jin conferred a pin seal.
Zhang Renjun (1846~1927), whose ancestral home was directly under Fengrun (now part of Hebei Province), was anpu. He successively served as the Governor of Caoyun, the Governor of Shandong, the Inspector of Shanxi, and the Inspector of Guangdong, and was promoted from the Governor of Guangdong to the Governor of Liangguang, and then the Governor of Liangjiang until the Xinhai Revolution. He was an ally of yuan shikai, and later the two families became sons and daughters, and Yuan Shikai's eldest daughter Yuan Ruohuan married Zhang Yunliang, Zhang's younger son. Yuan Shikai once invited him to beijing to become an official, but he did not agree, and when Zhang Renjun lived in Qingdao, he heard that Yuan Shikai had made a move to become emperor, and he was very opposed to this. Zhang Renjun's Qingdao residence is located at No. 4 Feicheng Road, which was demolished in 2005 during the reconstruction of Zhongshan Road. In his later years, Zhang Renjun moved to Tianjin, where his residence was on Gordon Road (now No. 1 Hubei Road) in the British Concession of Tianjin, and the old house still exists.
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The relevant graphic materials of the article are from Internet public resources.