Now that some old Beijing culture is endangered, even more endangered than giant pandas, the inheritance of old Beijing culture is an urgent matter. Teacher Zhao Zhenhua (screen name: a barge gun) who has lived in Beijing for 400 years has studied Beijing culture for many years, and since the beginning of the year, Teacher Zhao has insisted on talking about Beijing culture for netizens every Saturday night from 8 to 9 pm, in the reader group of "Old Beijing Map".
Today, "Old Beijing Map" is one of the "capital cities of old Beijing" for you.
Speaker: Zhao Zhenhua, screen name "A Barge Gun". Before retiring, he was engaged in enterprise management for 40 years, and was an authentic old Beijinger (who lived in Beijing for more than ten generations and four hundred years). Influenced by his family, he has loved Beijing culture since he was a child, and in the past 30 years, he has collected more than 10,000 photos of old Beijing, nearly a thousand sentences of old Beijing sayings, and hundreds of old Beijing songs.
After the Yuan Dynasty established the capital in Beijing, Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, changed the name of Yanjing (present-day Beijing) to Yuan Dadu, and the people at that time also called it The Capital City, also known as Dacheng. Emperor Zhu Di of the Ming Dynasty renamed Beiping Beijing, and after moving the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, the city of Beijing was also called The Capital. After the construction of the outer city during the Ming Jiajing period, there was a distinction between the inner and outer cities, but before the outer city was built, the inner city was not called the inner city. Therefore, the historical Beijing City, the capital city, and the big city between the Yuan Capital and the Ming Jiajing are what we now call the inner city.
The capital of the Yuan Capital began construction from the Yuan Dynasty to the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1267); the city wall gate of the capital was completed in 1271; the main project was completed in 1274; it took about 20 years. In 1285, the Yuan Capital was built, and since then it has formed a new generation of imperial capitals in China. The design and construction of the entire capital of the Yuan Dynasty was undertaken by Liu Bingzhong, and received the approval of Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, the emergence of this unparalleled historical and cultural city in the world is inseparable from Liu Bingzhong, and Kublai Khan, as the highest ruler of the Yuan Dynasty, is also indispensable.
Liu Bingzhong
Liu Bingzhong, a native of Xingzhou, was born in 1215 in Xingtai, Hebei Province, from a prominent family and an official for generations, who read a lot of books from an early age, and at the age of 17 became the Lingshi of the Xingtai Jiedu Envoy. When he worked in the Xingtai Jiedushi Government for about a year, Liu Bingzhong believed that his talents could not be displayed, so he chose to retire and wait for the time to rise. Two years after living in seclusion near his home, Wu'an Mountain, in order to avoid the troubles of complicated household chores, left Wu'an Mountain and traveled to Nantang Temple in Yunzhong (present-day Datong, Shanxi) to become a monk.
The abbots of Nantang Temple and the elders are good monks who respect knowledge and cherish talents. Seeing that Liu Bingzhong was less than 20 years old and so knowledgeable and good at reading, he not only accepted Liu Bingzhong, but also allowed him not to meditate on the sutras like other monks, but to study his own knowledge. Therefore, Liu Bingzhong stayed in Nantang Temple for several years, until 1242, when Liu Bingzhong was 27 years old, he met Haiyun Zen Master Haiyun, the abbot of Daqingshou Temple, who traveled here from the capital, which was an important turning point for Liu Bingzhong to resign from the government and wait for the opportunity.
He was the abbot of Daqingshou Temple in Beijing, and at that time, Haiyun Zen master had great prestige and great influence in the Buddhist circles throughout northern China. He was not only morally advanced, but also very knowledgeable and very wise. When Genghis Khan was emperor, he gave Genghis Khan good advice, and Genghis Khan adopted his advice. Therefore, Haiyun Zen Master was trusted and respected by the Mongol rulers of the Yuan Dynasty at that time.
Around 1880, the twin towers of Xiqingshou Temple at the liubukou of West Chang'an Avenue (east-facing), in the distance can see the Bunker Building (CallEre Building) on the gate of the Huihuiying Mosque opposite the Archway of West Chang'an Avenue and the Baoyue Building.
Twin Pagodas Qingshou Temple
In the 20 years since the seventeenth year of Genghis Khan (1222), Zen Master Haiyun has been to countless places and countless monasteries, and in some monasteries he has either looked at them and left, and he has stayed for several years as the abbot of the monastery. There are some differences between this and Liu Bingzhong Yunyou, Liu Bingzhong is looking for a place suitable for his own study, while Haiyun Zen Master Yunyou is to pass on the Fa and give the precepts.
It was precisely because of the prestige and influence of Haiyun Zen Master that Kublai Khan, who was still a Mongol prince at that time, asked someone to look for Haiyun Zen Master, hoping that he would return to Beijing to guide himself in the strategy of governing the country and prepare himself for becoming emperor. After receiving Kublai Khan's invitation, Master Haiyun set out to return to Beijing. In 1242, Zen master Haiyun passed through Yunzhong on his way back to Beijing, and heard many monks say that a small master of Nantang Temple was named Liu Bingzhong, who was knowledgeable, diligent and studious, intelligent and astute, so he came to Nantang Temple to meet Liu Bingzhong and had a long talk with Liu Bingzhong. After in-depth understanding, Master Haiyun found that Liu Bingzhong not only had real talent and practical learning, but even his level was higher than his own, so Master Haiyun invited Liu Bingzhong to go to Beijing with him to meet Kublai Khan, and said to Liu Bingzhong, Kublai Khan will be the emperor in the future, and with your talent, you will be able to assist Kublai Khan to become a generation of sages in the future. Liu Bingzhong thought to himself, isn't the wish of living in seclusion for many years to serve the country and display his talents and ambitions? So he agreed to the invitation of Master Haiyun and entered the capital with him.
After arriving in Yanjing (later Kublai Khan changed Yanjing to Yuan Dadu), Kublai Khan first summoned Haiyun Zen Master alone to consult the strategy of governing the country, and Haiyun Zen Master also gave Kublai Khan a very good suggestion, saying that you have to recruit talents and talents, and you must seek the world's talents. Consult with the wise people of the world and ask for advice on the high views of governing the country and rejuvenating the country in ancient and modern times. Then, Master Haiyun solemnly recommended Liu Bingzhong, who was already his disciple, to Kublai Khan.
Kublai Khan
Because Master Haiyun solemnly recommended Liu Bingzhong to Kublai Khan, Kublai Khan agreed with Liu Bingzhong. When Kublai Khan first met Liu Bingzhong, he was in his twenties, how much knowledge could he have? I didn't expect much in my heart. However, through in-depth chat with Liu Bingzhong, Kublai Khan discovered that Liu Bingzhong was too remarkable, reading all kinds of books, reading everything, and informing everything. Knowing astronomy from above, geography from below, yin and yang, legal calendar, divination, Confucianism, etc., no matter which aspect or topic, he can say something different and high-minded.
Liu Bingzhong can be said to be familiar with the world's major events, and at the same time, he has also studied the I Ching and read the "Book of the Classics" written by Shao Yong of the Song Dynasty. Insightful view of the management of the state. Kublai Khan saw that his heart was very happy, so he said to Liu Bingzhong, you don't leave, stay by my side to serve, I will communicate with you at any time. In this way, Liu Bingzhong began to serve in Kublai Khan's palace.
Although Kublai Khan was respectful to Liu Bingzhong, there were many other officials and staff in Kublai Khan's palace, and these officials and staff felt that Liu Bingzhong had not been an official for several years at a young age, so they gave him a nickname, called "Cloth Staff". Although this nickname is slightly sarcastic, Liu Bingzhong does not care. The longer Kublai Khan left Liu Bingzhong around, the more he felt that he was a rare talent, and at the same time, he felt more and more that Liu Bingzhong was worth relying on. (Please listen to the next breakdown)
Speaker | Zhao Zhenhua (a barge gun)
Text collation | Ye Wensi
Recording finishing | Ma Yuming
Edit | Huang Jiajia