People praise the spiritual qualities of fortitude, loyalty, iron backbone, and martyrdom by death, and always think of men, but in history, some women's practices have made men ashamed, and they are sometimes braver than men in the face of the righteousness of their home country, right and wrong. Among them is a legendary master of the late Ming Dynasty: Liu Ruyi.
(Portrait of Liu Ruyu)
Liu Ruyi, a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, was a famous singer and heroine during the Ming and Qing dynasties. His real name was Yang Ai, and he later changed his surname to Liu, and his name was Yin, also known as Hedong Jun, and the word was like this. Regarding the origin of her name "as it is", one is taken from the Buddhist text "as I smell", and the other is taken from the Song Dynasty Xin Renjie's "He Groom" sentence: "I see how feminine Qingshan is, and I should be like this when Qingshan sees me". Liu Ruyi, Ma Xianglan, Bian Yujing, Li Xiangjun, Dong Xiaowan, Gu Hengbo, Kou Baimen, and Chen Yuanyuan were collectively known as "Qin Huai Bayan".
Liu Ru is not only beautiful, but also talented, proficient in poetry, rhythm, calligraphy, painting, and ruler. His surviving works mainly include "Grass on the Lake" and "Peng Yin Grass". The Qing people believed that her ruler was "more beautiful than the Six Dynasties, and the love of Ban Cai". In terms of artistic talent, she can be called the first of the "Qin Huai Eight Yan".
(Liu Ruyi, played by Wan Qian)
Liu Ru was intelligent and studious since childhood, but his fate was not good, he was sold to Wujiang as a concubine since he was a child, and when he was young, he fell into the wind and dust, changed his name to Liu Yin, and traveled between Jiangsu and Zhejiang Jinling. Although in the land of fat powder, Liu Ru has a deep sense of family and country and political ambitions, "his ambition is noble, his actions are generous, and his words are euphemistic and fierce, and non-true patriots cannot." (Xu Tianxiao)
Liu Ru is a fireworks woman, but can be unanimously respected and praised by posterity, Chen Yinke wrote "Liu Ru is a Biography". One of the most famous is that when the Ming Dynasty fell, the men who were loyal and patriotic in their daily lives chose to surrender to the Qing, while Liu Ru chose to commit suicide and martyrdom. Liu Ru chose to die filial piety to the Great Ming, and her heart was illuminated by history.
(Liu Ru is a ruler)
When Liu Ru was fourteen years old, The Gentleman Zhou Daodeng Qinglou met Liu Ru and was deeply attracted to her, so he bought Liu Ru home as his concubine. When she was a girl, Liu Ru was very well-behaved and cute, and was deeply liked by Zhou's mother, but it caused the jealousy of the concubines of the Zhou family. As soon as Zhou Daodeng died, they joined forces to drive Liu Ru back to the Qinglou.
Liu Ru, who returned for the second time, lost her qualifications, and although she was engaged in the industry of kabuki and poetry, she did not have industry certification qualifications, so she could only swim in the homes of the rich people. In the autumn of the eleventh year of Chongzhen, Liu Ru was invited to Hangzhou and stayed in the painting house of the Hui merchant Wang Ruqian. 16-year-old Liu Ruyi, beautiful and talented, soon became famous in Jiangnan, and many wealthy businessmen did not hesitate to spend a lot of money to get a glimpse.
(Qin Huai Painting Boat)
At the birthday banquet of the literary master Chen Jiru, Liu Ru and Song Zhengyu met each other. Song Zhengyu admired Liu Ru very much and launched a passionate pursuit of Liu Ru. Willow said, see I can, you jump down the river and swim over. Song Zhengyu jumped off the boat without saying a word. He couldn't swim and was fluttering in the river. Liu Ru hurriedly asked someone to rescue Song Zhengyu from the shore, and the two of them stayed together all day from then on. But when the two came to talk about marriage, Song Zhengyu told Liu Ruyu: My mother does not agree.
In fact, not only did the parents disagree, but the Ming Dynasty law did not allow it at that time. In order to put an end to the interaction between prostitutes and prostitutes, the Ming Dynasty officials specially formulated a law: "Forbidden to tell the lehu household", but all good family members who dared to associate with the prostitutes were immediately expelled. In order to save himself, Song Zhengyu can only break up with Liu Ru.
Liu Ru was heartbroken, grabbed a large knife and smashed the piano, and the strings were all broken, which frightened Song Zheng and trembled. "(Liu Ru is) holding a knife and cutting the violin, and the seven strings are broken. Yuanwen was stunned. (Qian Zhao'ao, "Anecdotes about The Seventh Ear of Liu Ru")
When Liu Ru was heartbroken, she met Chen Zilong, a talented son. Chen Zilong took good care of her, and soon the two fell in love. However, Chen Zilong had a wife and a concubine. Chen Zilong was afraid of the inside, and the big and small wives would not let him take a concubine. Chen Zilong was weak and incompetent, embarrassed left and right, and the breakup was still Liu Ru himself who mentioned it first. "Knowing the complexity of his family and the economic situation, there is no reason for him to live together for a long time, so he gradually expresses his intention to leave." (Chen Yinke's "Liu Ru is a Biography")
(Chen Yinke's "Liu Ru is a Biography")
Liu Ru greatly admired Qian Qianyi, the leader of the Jiangnan literary circle at that time. She openly declared: "The only money bachelor in the world can speak of talent, and I am not as talented as a bachelor and do not marry." "It means that I don't marry anyone else, and if I want to marry, I will marry such a talented person as Qian Xue." In the winter of the thirteenth year of Chongzhen, Liu Rulai came to visit the house dressed as a man and gave a poem: "Zhu Xi bottle whisks the cause and effect, and the Wind and Currents of Jiangzuo are on the xiong." Today, I am sincere and honest, and the East Mountain Is Green Ridge. (Liu Ru is "Gunchen Midwinter Visits Mu Weng to Present a Long Sentence at Hanye Hall")
At that time, Qian Qianyi was already in his fifties, and he had a concubine and a concubine at home. But Qian Qianyi iron tree blossomed, and was hit by willow. So, she was placed to live on the painting board. Liu Ru was not willing to be hidden in the courtyard, but to be righteous and bright. So she proposed to Qian Qianyi: I want to be a wife. Regardless of the world's vision, Qian Qianyi took Liu Ru home in the midst of the insults of the scholars, with the etiquette of treating his wife.
After marriage, the two chanted poems and wrote lyrics, planted red bean trees, and loved each other incomparably, which was passed down as a good story. Liu Ru also received the equal and free treatment she wanted, and had an independent personality. She knew how much infamy Qian Qianyi had borne by marrying herself, and she was loyal to the Qian family.
The Qing army entered the pass and the Ming Dynasty fell. In the face of the great righteousness of the family and the life and death of the individual, how to choose? Martyrdom or surrender?
Liu Ru is an iron-boned Zhengzheng, persuading Qian Qianyi to commit suicide and martyrdom, and she also accompanies him. The two agreed to commit suicide together. But the most absurd and dramatic scene appeared, and Qian Qianyi said: "The water is too cold, don't jump." And on the day that the Qing soldiers entered Nanjing, Qian Qianyi led the officials to kneel down to meet the surrender, and took the initiative to shave their hair and serve as an official in the Qing court in Beijing.
(Portrait of Qian Qianyi)
Willow wanted to cry without tears. As the leader of the Donglin Party, Qian Qianyi, even though he had a strong desire to survive, he had many protégés, many of whom were anti-Qing and restoration-Ming righteous soldiers. For this reason, Qian Qianyi was implicated and arrested and imprisoned. Liu Ru is a variety of maneuvers to rescue Qian Qianyi. In the last days of her life, Liu Ru lived with Qian Qianyi in Changshu Hongdou Villa. After Qian Qianyi died at the age of eighty-three, the Qian family took the opportunity to collect debts and forced Suo Liuru to commit suicide, saying goodbye to the legendary life. Liu Ru is known as "Wind Bone Ridge Willow Ru". A generation of legendary women, with their own wind and courage to wash away their stigma, the people of later generations did not despise her because of her origin, but full of respect for her, her story will be passed on forever.