Who was Liu Yuan, and how did he establish the Han Zhao regime?
Liu Yuan was a Xiongnu, or more precisely a Southern Hun. In 53 BC, Hu Han defeated the states of Dawan and Wusun under the leadership of The Northern Xiongnu under the leadership of The Southern Xiongnu and the Northern Xiongnu defeated the states of Dawan and Wusun. In 36 BC, the Northern Xiongnu were wiped out by the Western Han expeditionary forces of Gan Yanshou, Chen Tang and others, and the remnants moved west.
Those who commit crimes against the strong will be punished from afar
In 48 AD, there was unrest within the Xiongnu, the nobles killed each other, and the Xiongnu were once again divided into the Southern Huns and the Northern Xiongnu. The Japanese king BiDan Yu (the grandson of Hu Han Evil Dan Yu) led his troops to submit, and the Han court placed him in Hetao, and the following year moved to Meiji County (northwest of present-day Zungar Banner, Inner Mongolia), that is, the Southern Xiongnu, and placed the Xiongnu Zhonglang general, while those who remained in the north of the desert were called the Northern Xiongnu.
The Northern Xiongnu who remained in the desert north suffered serious natural disasters for many years, and were attacked by the Han Dynasty, the Southern Xiongnu, Wuhuan, and Xianbei, and their strength was greatly weakened, and they repeatedly sent envoys to the Eastern Han Dynasty to ask for peace. The Eastern Han government refused to make peace, so the Northern Xiongnu continued to invade the northern border of the Yuyang to Hexi Corridor of the Eastern Han Dynasty from 65 to 72 AD, and with the political and economic stability of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the national strength increased, and the war against the Northern Xiongnu began.
Beginning in June 89, Dou Xian and Geng Bing led the Han army to rendezvous with the southern Xiongnu army of the vassal state at Zhuoxian Mountain (near present-day Mandal gobi in Mongolia), fought against Beidan at Jiluo Mountain (present-day Mount Ebugen, Mongolia), and Beidan fled in a defeat. Ban Gu and Dou Xian and Geng Bingdeng yanran mountain (present-day Hangai mountain, Mongolia) carved stone Ji gong and returned (Yan ran Le gong out of this). In 91 CE, Geng Kui led the Han army to attack JinweiShan (present-day Altai Mountain) and defeated the Northern Xiongnu army, and Northern Danyu was forced to move west, leading the remnants to flee west to Wusun and Kangju.
Yanran Legong
In the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, foreign eunuchs interfered in politics, causing political instability in the imperial court, resulting in many rebellions by the Southern Xiongnu and Xianbei joint forces raiding and killing officials. Later, Cao Cao divided it into five parts, left and right, south and north, and placed them in Shaanxi-Shanxi-Hebei, with his nobles as his commanders and Han Chinese as Sima to supervise them, at this time the Southern Xiongnu were fully incorporated into the Cao Wei regime. Liu Yuan was born from this, his ancestor was Yufu Luodan Yu, and his father was Liu Bao, the King of Zuoxian.
Origin of Liu Yuan's surname.
Liu Yuan claimed to be a descendant of the Xiongnu leader Mò dú Shan Yu, who was a powerful figure, and the "Siege of Baideng" in the early Han Dynasty was from his hand. In the end, Liu Bang relied on Chen Ping's secret plan to get out. Later, The Han and The Hungarians beat each other for several years, but they couldn't help each other, so they had to ask for peace with their relatives.
Morton Single Yu
Liu Yuan was good at riding and shooting, and after the death of his father Liu Bao, he took over the affairs of the tribe. In the tenth year of Taikang (289), Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty made Liu Yuan the capital of northern Xiongnu. After Sima Zheng, the Emperor of Jinhui, succeeded to the throne, Yang Jun, a foreign relative of the auxiliary government, appointed Liu Yuan as the general of Jianwei, the governor of wubu, and the marquis of Fenghan Guangxiang. During the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings", he was appointed as the general of Ning Shuo, supervising the military affairs of the five Xiongnu departments.
Ethnic estrangement between Han and Hungary
Deeply influenced and influenced by Han culture, Liu Yuan was a Xiongnu with a deep degree of Sinicization, because he lived in Han Dynasty since childhood (pledged by his father in Luoyang), loved to read, was obsessed with Chinese, and once worshiped the famous party scholar Cui You as a teacher, and studied the Confucian classics of the Central Plains. However, Liu Yuan suffered various encounters and injustices in the official arena, forcing him to take the initiative to move closer to the Han people and Han culture. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin, Wang Hun, Wang Ji, and others recommended Liu Yuan to take on the heavy responsibility of destroying Wu, but they were strongly opposed by Kong Gong, Yang Jue, and others, especially in the exhortation that "if they are not of our race, their hearts will be different", reflecting the ethnic estrangement between Han and Hungary that is difficult to eliminate.
Emperor Guangwen of Han Zhao, Liu Yuan
Kong Ke and Yang Jue were important courtiers of the imperial court, representing the thoughts and concepts of a considerable part of the Han people in the government and the opposition, who despised and hated the Hu people, and even resisted the Xiongnu people like Liu Yuan, who were civilized and militaristic, making Liu Yuan repeatedly discouraged and even once in danger. Although Liu Yuan had ambition, ability, and courage, it was difficult to get the support and support of the Han people during the Wei and Jin dynasties, who paid attention to the origin of the door valve. Liu Yuan wanted to become a great cause, based on the Central Plains, and get the support of the Han people, and the best way was to pull up the Han flag and look forward to the people.
Later Liu Yuan took advantage of the rebellion of the Eight Kings to restore the Han Dynasty in 304 under the name of "Brother Shao", divided the prefecture and succeeded to the Han throne at ZuoguoCheng (in present-day ShanxiShan County), and set up a hundred officials of wen and military to posthumously honor the later lord Liu Chan. In 308 AD, he was officially called emperor, with the era name Yongfeng, and moved the capital to Pingyang (present-day Linfen, Shanxi).
Why did Liu Yuan want to honor the Empress Dowager Liu Chan
In fact, at that time, the Xiongnu nobles unanimously supported Liu Yuan as a big single Yu, but Liu Yuan did
Liu Yuan's wisdom.
At this time, the Xiongnu were no longer as strong as in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the Northern Xiongnu moved west, and the Southern Xiongnu had already begun to slowly integrate into the Central Plains. Moreover, at this time, the overlord of the northern steppe was already Rouran, so it was obviously impossible to dominate the grassland, and the Xiongnu at this time could not do Rouran. Therefore, it is only possible to retreat to the Central Plains to establish a new dynasty, and it is obviously difficult to succeed as a Xiongnu. If you want to unify the world, you must get the support of a large number of Han scholars, as well as landlords and people, so in this case, the clever Liu Yuan had to pursue the posthumous lord, use "Han" as the national name, and go public through the backdoor.
Liu Chan, the lord of the Shu Han Dynasty
Because the Xiongnu lived in the Central Plains for many years, there was basically no difference between them and ordinary Han Chinese, Liu Yuan himself, with extremely high cultural attainments, was familiar with Confucian classics. In this way, the Hanized Xiongnu were able to gain the support of a large number of landlords and powerful groups, such as the Wang clan in Taiyuan, who was the biggest supporter behind them. From a political point of view, Liu Yuan was a Xiongnu, and with the help of the name of the Han Dynasty, he could not only reduce the obstacles encountered in the process of raising an army, but also try to absorb excellent Han people to help him with advice.
The establishment of the Han Zhao regime led to the beginning of the great chaos of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms
Liu Yuan is a qualified politician, and after proposing "Han" as the national name, he did attract a lot of outstanding talents. During his reign, he launched many powerful measures for the common people, and also won the support of the vast number of people in the Central Plains. From another point of view, it was precisely because of his rebellion that the Central Plains fell into the abyss of chaos and ruin in the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, but in the final analysis, it was still blamed on the various acts of death of the Western Jin Dynasty.
The establishment of the Han Zhao regime had a great influence on the subsequent foreign regimes
Before the "Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms", no foreign race could establish political power in the Central Plains, nor could it get the support of the vast number of people in the Central Plains, but taking "Han" as the name of the country had an extremely important role, first proposing that "Brother And Brother Shao" reduced the resistance of the people of the Central Plains on the political basis of the alliance between Han and Hungary, and later no longer worshiped the ancestors of the Xiongnu, but worshiped Han Gaozu and Emperor Guangwu as their ancestors. After all, the Han Dynasty had only been destroyed for more than a hundred years, and the war between the Han and The Huns had begun as early as the Western Han Dynasty, and it had been fought for nearly 400 years. As the descendants of the Xiongnu did not worship the martyrs but "recognized the thief as a father" for the Han people at that time, it was indeed a bit of a surprise, and even more unexpectedly, even the Xiongnu nobles also approved of such behavior, which fully shows that the national integration between Han and Hungary in the Western Jin Dynasty was sufficient.
Such a move had a profound historical impact on the later Sixteen Kingdoms and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, whether it was the Qiang, Xianbei, Qiang and other foreign rulers who wanted to gain a foothold in the Central Plains, they needed to have some blood relations with the previous Central Plains regime, which could not only solve the increasingly tense ethnic contradictions, but also absorb excellent Han elites. For example, the State of Yan founded by Murong Xianbei described itself as "of the Miao clan of the Xiong clan". Even the later Khitans, Jin, and others continued to draw closer to the Han people on the issue of recognizing their ancestors after they entered the Central Plains. From the point of view of historical development, it also promoted the great integration of the nation, and at the same time strengthened the rule.
Humble
Liu Yuan legally inferred that the Central Plains were not the original territory of the Han nationality, but the result of the incubation of many nationalities, which provided theoretical support for the later five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms to march into the Central Plains. Even during the dark Period of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, foreign rulers such as Shi Le were able to listen to the advice of Han counselors and take measures to restore production, and later The Jian Jian, who briefly unified the north, was also a resolute Sinicization faction, advocating Han culture since childhood.
Liu Yuan was indeed a good ruler among the many foreign rulers in the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, but his appearance also accelerated the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty. The emergence of Liu Yuan is also an inevitable development of history, because the prince of the Sima family did not hesitate to borrow foreign armies in order to gain power, which allowed ethnic minorities to smoothly enter the Central Plains and thus enter the historical stage and provide opportunities.
The establishment method of the Han Zhao regime also made the Khitan, Mongol, Qing and other dynasties tried and tested many times.