Text/Mo Junwei
【Abstract】This paper mainly analyzes the current situation and problems of the development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry in Chencang District, and discusses the countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry in Chencang District in combination with the development strategy of the modernization of China's Chinese herbal medicine industry.
【Keywords】Chinese herbal medicine industry; development status; countermeasures and suggestions
Chinese herbal medicines refer to medicinal materials produced in a specific natural condition and ecological environment, which is the raw material for the production of Chinese medicine tablets and proprietary Chinese medicines. The Chinese herbal medicine industry is one of the most distinctive traditional advantageous industries in China, and it is also the sunrise industry with the most market potential. With the acceleration of China's modernization of Chinese medicine, Chinese herbal medicines have been concerned by all walks of life, and the rise of modern Chinese medicines has undoubtedly brought new development opportunities to the intensive planting, diversified development, product branding, research basic and institutional management of Chinese medicinal materials in Chencang District.
First, the development status of Chinese herbal medicine industry in Chencang District
Chencang District is located at the western end of the Guanzhong Plain, the climate and environmental diversity is remarkable, the soil of Xishan is alkaline, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and it has the unique geographical advantage of growing chai hu, which is the area with the most wild chai hu in history, and enjoys the reputation of "the hometown of medicinal materials" and "Chen Cang medicine store". According to incomplete statistics, at present, the development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry in Chencang District is mainly based on the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials such as chai hu, pig lily, Cangshu, astragalus, dang ginseng, soil shellfish, bitter ginseng, yew and other Chinese medicinal materials, and has formed a development model and mechanism integrating the planting, acquisition, processing and sales of Chinese herbal medicines. With the promulgation and implementation of a series of policies to support and encourage the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry in Chencang District has achieved certain results, which mainly shows the following characteristics:
(1) The output and area of Chinese medicinal materials in Chencang District have increased rapidly
In recent years, the Chencang District Party Committee and the Chencang District Government have conscientiously implemented the green ecological development concept of "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains", and vigorously developed the Chinese medicinal materials industries such as chai hu and yew. Through continuous technological improvement, the yield of chai hu has been increased from 70 kg per mu in 2014 to 100 kg per mu, and the planting area has also increased from the previous 20,000 mu to the current 115,000 mu, and radiation has driven more than 20,000 people in 8 towns in 4 counties such as Taibai and Linyou to engage in chai hu planting, and the western mountainous area of the district is the largest chai hu single product planting base in the country.
With the improvement of planting technology and expansion of planting scale of yew trees year by year, the yew medicinal forest base in Chencang District has 13,000 mu, which is the largest yew medicinal forest base in China. At the same time, the district vigorously strives for social investment, builds a paclitaxel extraction workshop, promotes the initial processing and deep processing of yew, and continuously explores the added value of the yew industry. From 2020 to 2025, it is planned to build a yew medicinal forest base of 50,000 mu in the western mountainous areas, and a health tourism base integrating yew as the theme of tourism and forest health.
On this basis, Chencang District also radiated to drive farmers to plant advantageous Chinese medicinal materials such as pigweed and heavy building, and the planting scale continued to expand, the technology became more and more mature, and the quality of Chinese medicinal materials continued to improve1
At present, the planting area of Chinese medicinal materials in the district has reached 80,000 mu, and there are 6 leading enterprises. Among them, 115,000 mu of chai hu is planted, more than 1,300 mu of pig lily is planted, and more than 4,700 mu of heavy buildings are built.
(2) The quality of Chinese medicinal materials in Chencang District is excellent
The western mountainous area of Chencang District is rich in woodland resources and has a suitable climate, which is a natural place for planting Chinese medicinal materials such as chai hu, pig lily, and tianma. In particular, the quality of saihu is large, and the saponin content is as high as 1.37%. However, the artificial planting and breeding of Chinese medicinal materials is not standardized enough, the technology of cultivating medicinal materials is backward, and the quality management measures of the whole process of harvesting, processing and storage of medicinal seeds, soil, pesticides and medicinal materials are difficult to effectively implement. Moreover, Chinese herbal medicines are the source of Traditional Chinese medicine, and the quality of them not only affects the efficacy of Traditional Chinese medicine preparations, but also relates to the physical and mental safety of patients. To this end, the Boren Cooperative of Chencang District hired professor Chen Shizhong of Peking University as technical consultants, signed agreements with villages on the planting, purchase and sale of firewood, and actively mobilized the masses to plant together. In the production process, Chencang District has distributed more than 55,000 kilograms of high-quality chai hu seeds and more than 180 tons of organic fertilizer free of charge, and has carried out training on planting, formula fertilization and safe use of pesticides. Set up an expert committee, hire Hou Yunde, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine experts and professors to provide regular technical guidance, optimize the production layout of Chinese herbal medicines, prevent the generation and pollution of harmful substances, strengthen green and safe production, and ensure the quality and safety of medicinal materials and environmental and ecological safety. In 2014, the Boren Cooperative in Chencang District passed the certification of Chai Hu Organic; in 2015, it registered "Chen Cang Xishan Chai Hu" as a national geographical indication certification trademark; in 2017, it passed the "GMP" certification of Bo Ren Tablet Processing Factory.
(3) The benefits of Chinese herbal medicines in Chencang District have been continuously improved
In recent years, Chencang District has actively cultivated and vigorously developed the Chinese medicinal materials industry such as Chai Hu, which has become a dominant industry in the Xishan area of Chen Cang District, with farmers planting Chai Hu Mu yielding more than 4,000 yuan and an average annual income of more than 15,000 yuan. In order to stimulate the enthusiasm of poor households to plant chai hu, the Boren Cooperative in Chencang District purchased chai hu from farmers at a price of 4 to 8 yuan per kilogram above the market price, creating more than 10 million yuan in profits and taxes and achieving an output value of about 3 billion yuan.
With the enhancement of people's health and health care awareness, the market demand for Chinese herbal medicines is also increasing, the price of Chinese herbal medicines is also stable and improving, and the benefits are constantly improving.
Second, the main problems facing the development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry in Chencang District
Chencang District has taken advantage of the policy to actively develop the production of Chinese medicinal materials, the planting area has increased rapidly and significantly, and the economic benefits have also been greatly improved, but there are still some problems:
(1) The standardization and large-scale planting of Chinese medicinal materials urgently need to be strengthened
Although the current planting area is more than that of other surrounding counties, it is still very different from Hanzhong, Ankang, Shangluo and other cities, and is more scattered. Although the government vigorously promotes the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials, it has not been able to carry out scientific planting in strict accordance with the planning of authentic medicinal materials, and at the same time lacks technical support for the planting of authentic medicinal materials, lack of source supervision, and lack of supervision of the whole process of soil testing and field operations, resulting in some low yields and variety variations. Therefore, while making good use of policies, we should grasp the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, and strengthen the standardization and large-scale planting of Chinese medicinal materials according to factors such as the suitable growing areas and planting habits of Chinese herbal medicine varieties.
(2) The variety is single, and the industrial extension power is insufficient
Although there are many varieties of Chinese medicinal materials in Chencang District, there are single varieties, mainly chai hu, pig lily, Cangshu, astragalus, etc., and other varieties are scattered and the planting scale is small. Although it has passed the organic certification of chai hu and registered the national geographical indication certification trademark of "Chen Cang Xishan Chai Hu", the brand effect is still not strong. In the process of planting Chinese herbal medicines, it has not yet formed a scientific and technological innovation to promote the production of Chinese herbal medicines, the localization of production, the improvement of seed sources, the ecology of planting, the intensification of development, the informatization of industry, the diversification of development, the branding of products, the basicization of research and the institutionalization of management, only staying in planting, sales and primary processing, and has not organically combined the scientific and technological research and development of Chinese herbal medicines, network sales, tourism, leisure and health care, etc., and lacks market competitiveness. The only Boren Chinese herbal medicine enterprise in the region has begun to take shape, is still in the initial stage of development, the products are mainly traditional Chinese medicine tablets, limited to selection, grading, slicing and packaging, lack of deep processing enterprises, low added value of products, short industrial chain. Especially in the circulation link, it is scattered and disorderly. Chai Hu is mostly sold original drugs, bought in pieces, and has no bargaining power in the market.
(3) The institutional mechanism for the development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry is not perfect.
First, there is a lack of a unified and efficient promotion mechanism. The development and management of the Chinese herbal medicine industry involves forestry, agriculture, science and technology, poverty alleviation, market supervision, finance and other departments, and each unit only provides corresponding services and technical guidance for growers or enterprises according to their respective responsibilities, so that technology, funds, services, projects and policies have not formed a synergy. Sometimes it is inevitable that enterprises and growers will encounter difficulties in production and operation, and it is not clear who to find to solve.
Second, there is a lack of overall overall planning. Although Chencang District formulated the overall development plan for Chinese medicinal materials in 2018, there is no specific plan for chai hu as the leading variety, and it lacks overall management and guidance, which restricts the scientific development of the chai hu industry.
Third, there is a lack of targeted policy support. In recent years, in combination with the work of poverty alleviation, the relevant support policies for the development of the Chai Hu industry have been introduced, but the overall strength is not large, the publicity atmosphere is not strong, the degree of attention paid by individual towns and villages is not enough, and the comprehensive service platform for information and technical guidance of the Chinese herbal medicine industry is lacking. There are still certain lacks of guidance and services in development planning, technical services, market information forecast release, quality inspection and monitoring, brand building, etc.
(4) The market mechanism is not perfect, and the circulation links are not perfect
Due to the lack of transaction information platforms, the supply and demand information of enterprises, medicine farmers and bases is not transmitted well, and the growers and markets at the bottom of the industrial chain lack docking. The circulation of Chinese herbal medicines is scattered and disorderly. Although Boren Pharmaceutical signed a contract with the growers to provide seeds, fertilizers, etc. free of charge, higher than the market price, but there are still a considerable number of growers driven by interests, do not perform the contract, sell the medicinal materials to the door to buy small drug dealers, Boren Pharmaceutical because to ensure the signing of supply contracts with large pharmaceutical companies, had to buy back medicinal materials from small drug dealers or Gansu and other places, most of the intermediate profits are amortized by foreign markets and enterprises. Moreover, farmers lack market forecasting and risk resistance, and their interests are difficult to guarantee.
3. Countermeasures and suggestions for the development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry in Chencang District
The development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry is an important measure for the structural adjustment of the agricultural industry and a requirement for the development of the great health industry, and the comprehensive value generated by it is much higher than the income from traditional agricultural planting. Chencang District and the majority of growers should base themselves on the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine resources and good natural conditions and traditional foundations, continuously accelerate the cultivation of the whole industrial chain of Chinese herbal medicine planting, product primary processing, deep processing and market circulation system, and strive to make the Chinese herbal medicine industry an important pillar industry for poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. The following countermeasures are proposed:
(1) Optimize the layout of high-standard industries and focus on cultivating new regional advantages
The Chinese herbal medicine industry is facing unprecedented development opportunities, and Chencang District should make overall planning, strengthen source and process supervision, and cultivate new regional advantages.
The first is to organize professionals or entrust professional institutions, in accordance with the relevant national, provincial and municipal policies, combined with the characteristics and advantages of the Chaihu industry, to formulate the "High-standard Industrial Development Plan for Chinese Medicinal Materials" in Chencang District, relying on the integrated development plan of agricultural tourism in the western mountainous areas, integrating ecological tourism, the development of the great health industry, and the construction of beautiful villages, etc., rational layout, step-by-step implementation, and drawing a blueprint for the development of the Traditional Chinese medicine industry in the western mountainous areas of Chencang District.
The second is to strengthen the status of leading industries and main cultivars, compress sporadic varieties, and make the variety structure relatively unified. The content of saigosaponin grown in Chencang District has been identified by authoritative institutions as high as 1.37%, which is 4 times that of the national standard of 0.3%. Chencang District should follow the idea of "government guidance, joint household planting, whole process support, and brand building" to continuously increase the development pattern of Chinese herbal medicine industry based on the cultivation of chai hu, pig lily, heavy building and yew trees.
The third is to accelerate the process of industrialization, improve the degree of organization, and focus on cultivating new advantages in operation. Increase the intensity of investment attraction, attract foreign pharmaceutical groups to set up pharmaceutical source bases, invest in factories, realize the local deep processing of Chinese herbal medicines, improve added value, and strengthen the connection of interests. Actively promote the industrialization model of "company + cooperative + base + farmer", guide enterprises and cooperative organizations to establish a production base of Chinese herbal medicines through orders, rebates and other forms, and connect enterprises, bases and farmers to jointly promote production, develop products and seize the market. Give full play to the role of these leading forces in formulating and implementing standards and services, establish a mechanism to promote standardization and socialization of services with industrialization, and deepen the standardization of Chinese herbal medicines; and establish a comprehensive service platform for information and technical guidance in the Chinese herbal medicine industry. Strengthen the training of Chinese herbal medicine planting technology, timely release market supply and demand guidance information, build a product supply and marketing network, and realize the "one-stop" service of "seed, production, research and marketing" of Chinese herbal medicines.
(2) Standardize the cultivation of medicinal materials and build a traceability system for the whole process of Chinese herbal medicines
The place of origin of Chinese herbal medicines is very important, and climate, regional environment, soil and ecological conditions are all important factors for the growth of Chinese herbal medicines. The western mountainous area of Chencang District is divided into eight mountains and one water and one field, with an altitude of between 800 meters and 2000 meters, the soil is alkaline, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is a natural place for Chinese herbal medicines.
First, it is necessary to promote standardized planting, give full play to the greatest economic benefits, through the invitation of experts and agricultural technicians, carry out standardized production technology training for Chinese herbal medicines, promote micro-tillage machinery, improve the application rate of new technologies such as planting management, guide resource elements to the real estate area, and transform the advantages of ecological resources into brand advantages. Strengthen quality supervision, regular sampling, and prohibit market sales for those who do not meet the standards, especially those who do not meet the testing content, are shoddy, pesticide residues, and heavy metals exceeding the standard, so as to improve the price competitive advantage of Chinese herbal medicines and maximize the interests of patients and bases.
The second is to use the "Internet + Chinese herbal medicine base" to form a digital management system to achieve differentiated planting, ensure the localization of medicinal materials, avoid variety variation, realize the traceability of medicinal materials planting and field operations, ensure the quality of APIs, solve people's livelihood problems, and achieve the sustainable development of the Chinese medicine industry. We can seek support from the relevant departments of the state, provinces and municipalities to promote and improve the traceability system for the circulation of Chinese herbal medicines. Through the adoption of standardized planting, traceability of authentic medicinal materials, supply and demand information matching, financial assistance and other measures, to achieve the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine, planting, field operations, harvesting, processing of origin, samples sent for inspection and other whole process monitoring traceability, and strive to create national-level famous brand products and famous trademarks, well-known trademarks, improve the visibility of Chinese herbal medicine products in the region.
(3) Improve popularity, improve the market system, and improve circulation links
There are more than 20 cooperatives and companies engaged in the planting, acquisition and processing of Chinese herbal medicines in the western mountainous area of Chencang District, and more than 300 employees. The traditional Chinese medicine enterprises (cooperatives) in the whole region have signed long-term supply contracts with large pharmaceutical enterprises such as Beijing Tongrentang, Shanghai Huayu Company, Tianjin Tasly Company, Shaanxi Pharmaceutical Group, etc., and export more than 1,000 tons of high-quality chai hu to Japan, South Korea and other countries every year, accounting for more than one-eighth of the country's total output. Hou Yunde, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, pointed out that Chencang District is "the largest planting area of chai hu in China, and the active ingredient content is the highest in China".
First, it is necessary to further improve the popularity of Chinese herbal medicines. Chencang District should demarcate the "origin of geographical protection products of Xishan Chinese medicinal materials", on the basis of "National Chai Hu Organic Planting Base" and "Chai Hu Geographical Indication Certification", integrate the existing advantageous resources of Chinese herbal medicines in the whole region, strengthen standardization and large-scale planting, unify the use of geographical indication trademarks, increase the intensity of trademark registration protection, achieve unified brand, unified quality, unified packaging, expand market influence, and gradually form a brand with certain popularity in the country, driving the development and upgrading of the Chinese herbal medicine industry in the whole region. Open up special websites, Weibo, WeChat public platforms, open columns on mainstream news websites, etc., multi-level, multi-channel, all-round publicity and promotion of Chen Cang Chinese herbal medicines, tell the story of Chinese herbal medicines, and improve popularity. Organize and participate in various exhibitions and promotion meetings, economic and trade fairs, traditional Chinese medicine professional forums, academic exchanges and other activities, so that Chencang District Chinese herbal medicines are famous throughout the country.
Second, we must improve the market system, on the basis of the original Chai Hu medicinal materials logistics center and the production line of the Chinese herbal medicine tablet processing plant with an annual output of 2,000 tons, accelerate the construction of the Chinese herbal medicine experimental base and the Demonstration Garden of the Chinese herbal medicine planting industry, so that it can become a gathering place for the planting, processing and sales of Chinese herbal medicines, and form a more professional Chinese herbal medicine market and platform. Change the embarrassing situation of selling original drugs and having no bargaining power in the market, smooth the transmission of supply and demand information between enterprises, drug farmers and bases, and realize the seamless docking of growers and the market.
Third, we must improve the circulation links. Make full use of business fairs, product promotion meetings and other forms to strengthen the connection between Chencang District and the major Chinese herbal medicine markets across the country, and establish a close cooperative relationship between production and sales areas, pharmaceutical enterprises and growers; Strive to open green channels, further invigorate circulation links, and expand market space.
(4) Develop the Chinese herbal medicine industry and continuously extend the modern Chinese medicine industry chain
Chencang District should give full play to the role of village-level economic organizations, make full use of the policy of living land circulation, adopt various models such as "party branches + leading enterprises + poor households", "company + base + science and technology + peasant households", "order pharmaceutical industry", give play to its radiation and leading role in the construction of the drug source base, and promote the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry in stages, steps and priorities in accordance with the principle of step-by-step.
First, around the state's planning and positioning of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, we should strengthen the construction of authentic planting bases of Traditional Chinese herbal medicine, traditional Chinese medicine cultural towns, traditional Chinese medicine traditional Chinese medicine halls, medicinal and food homologous experience halls, large health industry bases, Traditional Chinese medicine health service innovation centers, Chinese herbal medicine plantations and traditional Chinese medicine health care towns, with traditional Chinese medicine and health care industry as the leading industry, new manufacturing industry as the basic industry, and biopharmaceutical and cultural tourism industry as derivative industries, to create a distinctive traditional Chinese medicine health industry cluster.
Second, we must rely on the advantages of Chinese herbal medicine resources and actively undertake the transfer of the pharmaceutical industry. Establish a protection and monitoring system for Chinese herbal medicine resources, form a scale of planting (breeding) and primary processing bases for high-quality medicinal materials, significantly enhance the leading role of science and technology, crack the constraints of Chinese medicinal materials in the whole region by region, capital, talent and other elements, improve the technical content and added value of Chinese herbal medicines, and enhance market competitiveness.
Third, it is necessary to build the Chencang District Medical and Health Industrial Park into a state-level traditional Chinese medicine health industrial park as soon as possible, so that its industrial scale will reach about 1 billion yuan and its profits and taxes will be 100 million yuan. Focus on the field of biomedical food such as biotechnology new drugs and preparations, modern Chinese medicine, and biotechnological food, introduce a number of biological resource processing projects with strong driving effect, form an industrial chain from research and development incubation, pilot production to transaction display, warehousing and logistics, form a traditional Chinese medicine health industry cluster, and promote the innovation, upgrading and agglomeration development of the Chencang Chinese herbal medicine industry.
(5) Actively explore the integrated development of "medicine, agriculture and tourism"
Chencang District should combine the advantages of Xishan Chinese medicinal material resources and geographical advantages to create a new model for the full integration and development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry with tourism, culture and agriculture. In accordance with the development concept of "medicine, medicine, health, health, nutrition, tourism" and the construction of beautiful villages, with the help of the opportunity and east wind of the integration of agriculture and tourism in the western mountainous areas, and actively relying on the influence of the high-quality tourism routes of Dashuichuan and Jiulongshan, the three-dimensional planting base of Chinese medicinal materials and cash crops and the standardized planting demonstration base of Chinese medicinal materials, cultural landscapes, natural scenery, leisure farms, etc., vigorously develop and develop modern Chinese medicine health and leisure tourism industry, and create a pristine ecological sightseeing tourism. The scenic area and green tourism landscape belt of traditional Chinese medicine health experience strive to guide and promote it to become a comprehensive traditional Chinese medicine planting and cultural leisure tourism base that integrates leisure tourism and expansion training, including chinese herbal medicine ornamentation, planting, science popularization and experience.
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About the Author:
Mo Junwei is a member of the Chinese Law Society, a member of the Shaanxi Writers Association, a special researcher of the Baoji Branch of the Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, and the vice chairman of the Chencang District Federation of Social Sciences. He has published the scholarly works "The History and Culture of Xiyu" and the collection of essays "This Place of Yuzhen".