On the evening of June 7, 1936, Zhang Taiyan had dinner, supported by his wife Tang Guoli, and went out for a walk together, but suddenly fainted and fell to the ground. After timely rescue, although he was out of danger, he was bedridden. On the 13th, the fever suddenly reached 40 degrees, and in the early morning of the 14th, Zhang Taiyan spat out two pieces of rotten meat from his mouth, and his condition worsened again. Tang Guoli led his disciples to kneel in the open space outside the bedroom, burning incense and praying. At seven forty-five, Zhang Taiyan stopped breathing. Relatives and friends clearly saw a ball of auspicious light flying out of the window above his head. Tang Guoli cried heart-rending, and the disciples cried out in grief.
After Zhang Taiyan died in Suzhou, the Nationalist government held a solemn state funeral for him, covering the coffin with a five-color flag. Zhangmen disciples held a solemn memorial service for him in Beiping, and another group of "broad people" also held a memorial service for him in Shanghai, "less than a hundred people attended the meeting, so they closed in loneliness." When all the dust settled, Lu Xunfang, who was seriously ill, wrote "Two or Three Things About Mr. Taiyan" on October 9, which wrote: Although Mr. Taiyan had previously appeared as a revolutionary, he later retreated to a quiet scholar, and used the walls he built with his own hands and helped others to isolate himself from the times. The gentleman's voice and smile are still there, but he does not remember a word of the "Explanation of Words" he is talking about.
I thought that my husband's achievements, which remained in the history of the revolution, were really greater than in the history of scholarship. Considering his life, he used a great medal as a fan, and when he came to the door of the presidential palace, he criticized Yuan Shikai's harboring evil intentions, and there was no second person in the world; seven were hunted down, three were imprisoned, and the revolutionary aspirations were never bent, and there was no second person in the world: this is the spirit of the forefathers, the model of the future life.
On October 16, two days before Mr. Lu Xun's death, he once again wrote the final "Two or Three Things Remembered by Mr. Taiyan", in which he wrote: My love for the Republic of China, my lips are scorched, I am afraid of its decline, most of it is to make us have the freedom to cut braids. Cutting off the braids was also a major event at that time (referring to the end of the Qing Dynasty, Xiaobian's note). When Mr. Taiyan went to hair, he wrote an article "Untie The Braided Hair", which was famous for a while.
It can be seen that the master and apprentice have a deep affection.
On November 30, 1869 (January 12, 1869) of the seventh year of Tongzhi, Zhang Taiyan was born in Cangqian Town, Dongxiang, Yuhang County, Hangzhou Province, Zhejiang Province, because of the behavior of Gu Dai (Gu Yanwu) in the late Ming Dynasty, so he named himself Dai, and was called Taiyan. Zhang Taiyan's great-grandfather was a huge wealth in Yuhang, and his father was an official in Henan to be an envoy, and he inherited his family's education at an early age and was very early and wise. At the age of six, he could compose poems: thunder in the sky, rain pouring down underground, chickens in cages closed, and outdoor dogs with pipe doors. Shocked four.
Zhang Taiyan has been a fan of books since he was a child and does not know how to play. My mother played mahjong with her female relatives, and he read a book next to the mahjong table under the small oil lamp.
Zhang Taiyan has suffered from epilepsy since childhood. Sixteen-year-old Kao Xiucai, suddenly fell ill in the examination room, his father considered it again and again, so he ordered him to give up the scientific expedition, and Zhang Taiyan was desperate to pursue a career from then on. Later, he became famous and was scornfully called "Zhang Madman".
Zhang Taiyan admitted that he had a mental illness. He said that all strange arguments, non-mentally ill people, can never think, can not think or dare to say. After saying that, when encountering hardships and setbacks, we must not turn back and forge ahead. Those who have become great things throughout the ages are a bit mentally ill. I was afraid that some people would claim to be mentally ill, but as soon as they saw the wealth and glory, they were immediately well. I will spread my mental illness to all the kings here, to forty million of my fellow citizens.
Lu Xun recalled that Zhang Taiyan said that since his people were crazy, of course, what they said was also crazy, and they could laugh it off. If he happens to be scolding his own nemesis, he will say that Zhang Madman is not crazy.
Zhang Taiyan's study, all four walls are full of books, there is a bed in the room, and there is no furniture. Sometimes I wake up in the middle of the night and suddenly think of a book or something, that is, get up and go to the bookshelf to read, often all night, although in the harsh winter, I don't know how to add clothes.
Once Zhang Taiyan invited guests, the guests were about to open the table, but they did not see the seat for a long time, so they quickly sent people around to look for him, but found him in the toilet. It turned out that when he went to the toilet, he suddenly fell into deep thinking, and even forgot the stubble of inviting guests to dinner.
Zhang Taiyan lives alone in Shanghai, no one gives him a pulp to wash his clothes, the clothes are always shiny, far from looking like satin silk is shiny, and it is known to be old and dirty. He had been in Japan for three years, never changed his clothes and bedding, and whenever his nose snaked out, he wiped it off with his sleeves.
Zhang Taiyan taught in Japan, he could not cook himself, and he took bread to fill his hunger every day. One day the disciples saw that the bread on the table was moldy, and when they asked, Zhang Taiyan suddenly understood that he had not eaten for several days. The disciples had to take turns cooking or send them to him.
When Zhang Taiyan was in Japan, he was disheveled, his clothes were not changed over the months, and he raised a small squirrel at home, with a fruit shell and dried meat, and mosquitoes and flies.
Once, the family saw Zhang Taiyan's instep bulging, thought he was sick, took off his shoes to see, it turned out that he put on the bottom of his socks to the sky.
Zhang Taiyan ate, even if there were a thousand plates on the table, only one or two plates in front of him. If there is no dish in front of you, eat three bowls of white rice and leave the table. Southerners like to eat fish, although Zhang Taiyan was born in the land of fish and rice, he does not eat fish, often with meat with thorns in his mouth and chewing, making it embarrassing.
Zhang Taiyan had no ability to take care of himself, and he couldn't go home when he went out. Sometimes when you take dozens of steps to buy cigarettes, you forget the way home, and when you see people, you ask, where is my house. People say, you say your house number, alley number, I tell you how to go. Zhang Taiyan was furious, how come you don't even know where my house is.
Zhang Taiyan once went home, mistakenly entered the neighbor's door, and lay down on the hostess's bed and slept. The hostess returned from shopping and saw a man lying on the bed, screaming. People woke him up, he was dazed, I was sleeping on the bed, why are you disturbing my dreams?
Once Zhang Taiyan took a rickshaw home, and the coachman asked where to live. He said home. The coachman asked, where is your home. He said, I'm going home and don't know where. In order to earn money, the coachman dragged him around the road in circles. When his family saw that he had not returned home, they hurried around to look for him, and when he found it, he was very grateful to the coachman and gave him five dollars. At that time, a rickshaw driver worked hard to pull a car to earn three or four dollars a month. The driver took the money and flew as if running.
Zhang Taiyan has no concept of money. He asked the servants to buy cigarettes and give them five dollars. The son made a coat and gave five dollars. Build a house, also give five dollars. For him, a banknote can only be used once, and there is never any talk of change.
Zhang Taiyan brought seven thousand yuan from Beijing to Shanghai to marry his daughter-in-law (that is, Mrs. Tang Guoli), and someone told him that it was inconvenient to bring cash and could be deposited in the bank. Zhang Taiyan readily agreed, and entrusted this person to do it. The man gave him a 3500 passbook, which he carried in his pocket and hit the road.
Zhang Taiyan likes to smoke, smokes cheap cigarettes himself, and entertains guests with good cigarettes. During lectures, he took chalk in one hand and a cigarette in the other, and sometimes shoved chalk into his mouth, causing the disciples to laugh. Others smoked cigarettes with cigarette butts, he took a large section, lit a cigarette without smoking a few sips, then burned his lips, clapped his mouth with his hands in pain, and spewed out the embers, as if performing magic.
Zhang Taiyan likes to eat stinky tofu. The room was full of stinky nose covering, only he felt the fresh smell. Someone threw in his favor, sent rotten eggs, stinky peanuts, stinky winter melons, etc., and asked for his ink treasure, he was overjoyed, and he responded to every request.
Zhang Taiyan submitted articles to the newspaper, and readers said they could not understand it. The newspaper editor then gently suggested to him whether you should write for your own amusement or show it to others. Zhang Taiyan said, I just write a good article, whether others can understand it, I don't care. The editor said that in this case, the newspaper would not need you.
Zhang Taiyan gave Zhang Xiaoquan an inscription for the scissor shop and wrote "Zhang Xiaoquan's former knife shop" with a stroke of his pen. The shopkeeper was dumbfounded and asked him to refund the hundred yuan polishing fee. Zhang Taiyan said that there was already a knife next to the moon character of the previous word, so why add another knife below. The boss listened and gladly went away.
Zhang Taiyan boasted that his medical skills were superb, and he often prescribed medicines to treat people. But he used medicine to count the amount, so no one dared to take the medicine he prescribed. Dr. Sun Yat-sen was seriously ill, and Zhang Taiyan prescribed medicine to his old friend, and everyone heard that it was a prescription prescribed by Zhang Crazy and did not dare to use it. Someone asked him, is your learning the first in the world? He said, I am the first in medicine in the world.
There was an upstart vassal surnamed Wang, Feng Ya, who asked Zhang Taiyan to write an inscription, and Zhang Taiyan looked down on him and did not write it. This person did not die, and entrusted people with a high price to intercede, Zhang Taiyan was overwhelmed with annoyance, and wrote down with a stroke of his pen: 1234567, filial piety, loyalty, faithfulness, righteousness, and honesty. Boss Wang was very happy, took it back and hung it in the high hall, showing off everyone, this was Zhang Taiyan Mobao. After a long time, people with hearts will see the mystery, it turns out that there is no eight in the upper link, and there is no shame in the lower link, which is a satire on the boss Wang", "Wang Eight is shameless". Boss Wang had an epiphany, and the seven tricks of qi smoked.
Zhang Taiyan took the eldest daughter, the third daughter and a disciple to the restaurant to eat one day, and only took the three daughters home after eating. The third daughter asked, what about the eldest sister. Zhang Taiyan said, Your eldest sister left with the disciple. It turned out that this meal was a wedding feast for his eldest daughter.
Zhang Taiyan had no money to spend when he was in Japan, so he wrote a note to borrow money from a friend: Now that he is no longer famous, he begs for two silver dollars to buy cigarettes. A friend next to me said, since you borrow money, why don't you borrow more, two dollars is enough. Zhang Taiyan said, I only have a friendship with this jun for two dollars.
Zhang Taiyan talked about marrying his wife: Others marry their wives as food, and I marry my wife as medicine.
Zhang Taiyan explains the relationship between poverty and poverty: the so-called poor people share their money (shells) with others, so that they will not have nothing; while the poor are alone, not even a house (abandoning their homes and hiding in the cave).
Tsinghua University established the National College, originally wanted to invite Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao, Zhang Taiyan three masters of traditional Chinese studies as professors of the National College, Wang Liang successively applied, but Zhang Taiyan and Liang Qichao have never dealt with each other, and do not like Wang Guowei's study of oracle bones and poetry, the so-called "Tao is different is not a conspiracy", so he threw the letter of appointment on the ground, and practiced it with his feet to show his refusal.
Du Yuesheng wanted to ask Zhang Taiyan for an inscription, but Zhang Taiyan sternly refused. Not long after, Zhang Taiyan's nephew encountered evil forces in Shanghai, Zhang Taiyan heard about it, so he wrote a letter to Du Yuesheng, hoping to help solve it, Du Yuesheng quickly solved, and personally ran to Suzhou to report to Zhang Taiyan, and the two talked happily. Du Yuesheng was originally called Du Yuesheng, and Zhang Taiyan felt indecent, so he changed a word for him. Sheng is an ancient musical instrument, the moon sheng, the moon under the blowing sheng also.
Zhang Taiyan once ate with his disciples in the outer building, and Chiang Kai-shek and Song Meiling also went to the outer building to eat, and happened to meet. Chiang Kai-shek hurriedly greeted, Mr. Taiyan, are you good? Zhang Taiyan said, very good very good. Chiang Kai-shek asked again, what have you been busy with lately? Zhang Taiyan said that he relied on a pen to cheat on eating. Chiang Kai-shek said, I will send you back to your home when you are finished, and you can come to me at any time if you have anything. Zhang Taiyan said that it is not needed, it cannot be used. He insisted on not taking Chiang Kai-shek's car. Chiang Kai-shek was helpless, so he gave him his cane. Zhang Taiyan was quite satisfied with this cane and received it.
Zhang Taiyan opened a lecture in Japan, and Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren and Xu Shousheng also wanted to listen, but they were bitter about the conflict between the school class time and Zhang Taiyan's lecture time, so they asked Zhang Taiyan's disciple (who later became the eldest son-in-law) to ask Zhang Taiyan to open another class to teach "Explaining Words in Speaking Texts". Eight people attended the lecture together, living in a burrow, surrounded by a few shorter ones. Lu Xun listened carefully to the lectures, took careful notes, and rarely spoke. Once Zhang Taiyan asked him about the definition of literature, and he said that literature and doctrine are different. Doctrine can inspire people to think, and literature can inspire people to think. Zhang Taiyan said, your division is not correct. Lu Xun was silently dissatisfied, and after going out, he told Xu Shousheng that Mr. Xu's interpretation of literature was too broad.
During Zhang Taiyan's house arrest by Yuan Shikai, Lu Xun, who was a servant of the Ministry of Education, was not afraid to set himself on fire, and went to visit him many times with his classmates, and Zhang Taiyan personally wrote a passage of Zhuangzi's words to lu Xun: Change is the same, not the lord is the same, in the valley full of valleys, in the pit full of pits. The first paragraph is "Book Gift Yucai", and the next paragraph is "Zhang Binglin".
In the early spring of 1918, when the night was as dark as ink, Lu Xun lived in the Shaoxing Guild Hall, holding a cigarette in his hand, and conceived the "proposition composition" given to him by Qian Xuantong. Qian Xuantong, Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Liu Bannong, and others made a "New Youth," but they were struggling to write explosive articles and could not open up the situation, so Qian Xuantong often came to ask for a draft. Lu Xun said that a few people in the dark iron room woke up, could they break the iron room? Qian Xuantong said that it is possible to wake everyone up together. Lu Xun suddenly remembered the "crazy talk" of the "crazy talk" that everyone had been trying to wake up, so he "took all kinds of things and put them together into one", and wrote the world-famous "Diary of a Madman", which became a hit, "New Youth" opened a market, and Lu Xun restarted the new life. "Madman" means neuropathy.
The world is like a white cloud dog. With the passage of time, Lu Xun gradually became radical, but Zhang Taiyan gradually disappeared. Lu Xun walked out of the study, but Zhang Taiyan walked into the study, and the two "gradually drifted apart and gradually became without books."
In his later years, Zhang Taiyan wrote his own disciple records, but there was no Lu Xun among them. Qian Xuantong asked what the meaning was, he said, but as far as his memory could see, there was no small word of righteousness. After a while, Zhang Taiyan rewrote the disciple record, this time adding Zhou Zuoren, but there was still no Lu Xun. Qian Xuantong was astonished, unaware that there was Qiming (Zhou Zuo renzi). If the first time I wrote a disciple record was a bad memory, then the second time I wrote a disciple record was purely intentional. The Zhou brothers studied under him, he could remember Zhou Zuoren, how could he not remember Lu Xun? Obviously, he had "expelled Lu Xun from the door wall."
In the late autumn of 1933, when the leaves were falling, Lu Xun (presumably after learning that Zhang Taiyan did not recognize him as a student) told a friend about Zhang Taiyan and said that Mr. Taiyan had taught me primary school, but later because I advocated vernacular, I did not dare to see him again. In the future, if they see each other, they should still be very respectful. Thinking that the way of the master and the disciple is enough.
The main reason why Zhang Taiyan "threw Lu Xun out of the door wall" in his later years was that Lu Xun advocated vernacular literature and did not engage in ancient Chinese. Zhang Taiyan deeply resented the vernacular text. He said that everything that is called poetry must have rhyme, and now vernacular poetry cannot be counted as poetry without rhyme. Just as a monk who marries a wife and eats meat can only be called a layman, not a monk. However, Qian Xuantong and Zhou Zuoren, who are also engaged in vernacular writing, have their approval, which is inexplicable.
Lu Xun believed that Zhang Taiyan's "revolutionary" attribute was greater than that of a "scholar of chinese history", and also said that Zhang Taiyan taught him that he did not remember anything about the "Interpretation of Texts and Characters", but in fact there was a deep meaning in it. Lu Xun regards himself as a "warrior", his pen is like a dagger throwing a gun, piercing the darkness, calling for light, "two more than one pawn, the lotus is wandering alone", this "fighter" spirit of "although tens of millions of people are looking forward to it" is in the same line as Zhang Taiyan's "revolutionary". He said that he did not remember Zhang Taiyan's "Explanation of Words and Characters", which meant that he did not engage in sinology but engaged in literature, but wanted to "expose the national disease and arouse the attention of healing", which was also what Zhang Taiyan vigorously practiced in his early years.
In other words, Lu Xun, who was expelled from the door wall, was the one who really inherited Zhang Taiyan's (early years) mantle.
Zhang Taiyan insisted on promoting Sinology, which he believed was the spiritual driving force for facing the challenges of the West. He criticized the people who were intoxicated with Europeanization, and these people always said that Chinese was far worse than the Westerners, so they gave up on themselves, they did not know the strengths of China, and they weakened their patriotic hearts day by day.
Zhang Taiyan made a will on his deathbed, not arrogant because of wealth, not bent because of poverty.
Why should we read Lu Xun? Leaving aside all the high praise, Lu Xun's article has a very obvious feature, that is, his extraordinary and profound insight into society and life. "Dream of the Red Chamber" said, "All things are insightful and learned, and human feelings are articles", we often say that reading thousands of books is not as good as walking thousands of miles, and walking thousands of miles is not as good as a famous teacher's guidance, Lu Xun is a famous teacher who can make you "understand the world's affairs and cultivate people's feelings". His life has been full of vicissitudes and events, and he has written all his feelings and understandings in poetry, prose, novels, and essays without hesitation, guiding you in the direction of progress and illuminating the future of your struggle. Reading one volume of Lu Xun's book is better than reading ten thousand volumes of other people's books.
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