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Editor's Note:
On January 5, 2016, the central government held a symposium in Chongqing on promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. In the following 5 years, a series of important instructions have been held in Wuhan to further promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and a symposium on comprehensively promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has been held in Nanjing, and a series of important instructions have been made, such as "jointly grasping great protection, not engaging in large-scale development, and building an important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River", "making the Yangtze River Economic Belt a major ecological priority in China, the main battlefield of green development, unimpeded domestic and international dual circulation aorta, and leading the main force of high-quality economic development", providing a fundamental guideline for the ecological priority and green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
In 2019, 5 million mu of national reserve forests were built in Chongqing, becoming an important carrier for Chongqing to build an important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and promote ecological priority and green development.
At the beginning of 2021, on the occasion of the 5th anniversary of the central government's symposium on promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in Chongqing, hualong network-new Chongqing client reporter walked into the front line of chongqing national reserve forest construction to reveal for you how this national strategy stimulates ecological priority and new momentum for green development, bringing changes to Chongqing, the Yangtze River and even the whole country.
The National Reserve Forest Project has achieved initial results. Hualong Network - New Chongqing client reporter Qiu Xiaoya photo
Yu discussed the field | Won three "national firsts" What did the Chongqing National Reserve Forest do right?
On a sunny morning on December 21, 2020, the relevant person in charge of the Chongqing Forestry Bureau summarized the significance of the Chongqing National Reserve Forest (hereinafter referred to as the "National Reserve Forest") project in three sentences:
"According to the evaluation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chongqing National Reserve Forest has three 'national firsts' - the first in the country to carry out unified planning at the provincial level, the first to be laid out in the whole industrial chain model, and the first national reserve forest project to be fully cooperated by central enterprises and provincial-level administrative units and operated by market-oriented means."
Behind the three "national firsts", the National Reserve Forest brings to Chongqing and even the whole country, not just a forest.
Chengkou National Reserve Forest Project. The interviewee provided a picture of Hualong Network - New Chongqing client sent
New project: planning area of 5 million mu, China Development Bank credit of 15 billion yuan ——
How did this one of the top two national reserve forest projects "get along" with Chongqing?
On January 5, 2016, the central government held a symposium on promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in Chongqing, and made important instructions such as "building an important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River" and "making Chongqing a beautiful place with beautiful mountains and clear waters".
How to build an important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and promote ecological priority and green development has become a national mission shouldered by Chongqing.
At that time, the forest coverage rate in Chongqing was less than 46%, and the average forest accumulation per mu was only 4 cubic meters, and the per capita level was only two-thirds of the national level.
In this regard, after the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Chongqing launched a three-year improvement action for large-scale land greening, proposing the goal of "increasing the city's forest coverage rate to about 55% by 2022 and building an important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River".
In the preparatory stage of the action, the Chongqing Municipal Forestry Bureau evaluated the target tasks.
Wang Dingfu, member of the party group and deputy director of the Municipal Forestry Bureau, said: "Large-scale ecological projects have large investment and long cycles, and 'money' is undoubtedly the first thing to consider. ”
Xiang Guowei, then director of the Planning and Finance Department of the Municipal Forestry Bureau, participated in the whole process of this evaluation: "For a long time, China's large-scale ecological construction has been mainly borne by finance, and the promotion is mainly based on administrative means - according to this idea, the leader of the bureau led us to calculate the total amount of funds needed to complete the target. ”
The calculation results are staggering: the cost of completing the target is as high as 30 billion yuan, while the city's finance can raise only 2 billion yuan at that time.
Financial appropriations alone are clearly unsustainable.
After repeated demonstrations, the Municipal Forestry Bureau put forward a bold idea: with the help of the "invisible hand" of the market, give play to the role of government funds "four or two thousand pounds", and gather all parties to jointly promote the construction of forestry ecology in the city.
Coincidentally, at the time of this idea, a new national strategy also entered Chongqing's vision.
It is the "National Reserve Forest".
What is a "National Reserve Forest"?
Like oil, coal, and food, timber is a strategic reserve resource for national security. The national reserve forest is a major ecological project that reserves timber and other forestry resources from the national strategic level.
Because of the long construction cycle and strong public welfare, the project is supported by the China Development Bank and the Agricultural Development Bank of China.
Relying on the National Reserve Forest Project, can Chongqing innovate a new model of ecological construction and "allocate four or two thousand pounds" with limited financial funds?
In order to demonstrate the feasibility of this idea, the Chongqing Municipal Forestry Bureau went south to Guangxi, Jiangxi and other places to study the experience of the construction of the national reserve forest, and repeatedly went to Beijing to win the support of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, the China Development Bank, and the China Forestry Group.
In January 2019, the Chongqing Municipal Government, the State Forestry and Grassland Administration and the China Development Bank signed a strategic cooperation agreement to support the construction of the National Reserve Forest in Chongqing, and determined to build 5 million mu of state reserve forests in Chongqing, with a total construction fund of 19 billion yuan and a credit of 15 billion yuan by the CDB, of which the first phase of construction scale was 3.3 million mu.
Chongqing National Reserve Forest, thus becoming one of the largest national reserve forest projects in the country.
The project has been introduced, and the next step is to gather the strength of all parties to promote the construction of forestry ecology in the city.
Local villagers are managing forests. The interviewee provided a picture of Hualong Network - New Chongqing client sent
New model: building and resolving local debt risks by market means——
How can the "Invisible Hand" help Chongqing State Reserve Forest flourish?
In May 2019, Li Liubin, deputy general manager of China Forestry Group (hereinafter referred to as "Zhonglin Group"), officially embarked on a new position: concurrently serving as the chairman and general manager of Chongqing Forestry Investment and Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Chongqing Forest investment").
The company's responsibilities, Xiang Guowei summarized: "Chongqing Forest Investment is a market-oriented platform dedicated to the construction and operation of Chongqing State Reserve Forest. ”
This platform is a major achievement of Chongqing's investment and financing system and mechanism relying on the national reserve forest project and innovative ecological construction.
In the process of striving for the project, Chongqing has faced many obstacles.
First and foremost, the government's ability to invest is insufficient.
"The biggest difference between policy-based loans and government financial allocations is that they are not provided free of charge, and even if they are 'capital protected operations', they will also form a debt burden on the undertaking entities." Therefore, under the premise of not increasing government debt or hidden debt, in order to meet the loan requirements of the China Development Bank, the old road of government platform financing will not work, and the loan demand can only be met through the collateral of enterprise resource assets. Wang Dingfu said.
At that time, the scale of resource assets available for collateral in Chongqing and districts and counties was far from enough to meet the requirements - as a government financing platform, the registered capital of the former Chongqing Forestry Investment Company was only 160 million yuan (the actual monetary capital was only 38 million yuan), the scale of state-owned forest farm assets in districts and counties was generally small, and the city's forest resources seemed to be large, but the ownership and management rights were relatively scattered, and the pricing of forest assets was generally low...
At the same time, Chongqing also has the problem of insufficient market player capacity.
"In order to ensure the safety and sustainability of policy-based loan funds, CDB not only requires the project to be authentic and reliable, with sustained and stable returns, but also requires the asset scale and operational capacity of the loan subject." Wang Dingfu said.
However, at that time, the situation in Chongqing was: on the one hand, the former Chongqing Forestry Investment Company did not engage in specific business activities, and was either revoked or reorganized according to the requirements; on the other hand, most of the state-owned forest farms in districts and counties had been reformed into public welfare first-class public institutions and were not allowed to engage in business activities abroad; in addition, other forestry enterprises in the city were generally in a "scattered, weak, and small" situation, and neither the scale of assets nor the operational strength had the conditions to use policy-based loans to carry out the construction of national reserve forests.
How to solve the problem now?
To this end, the Chongqing Municipal Government introduced Zhonglin Group and reorganized the former Chongqing Forestry Investment Company through the form of central-local cooperation.
Among them, the Chongqing Municipal Government, based on the assets of the former Chongqing Forestry Investment Company accounting for 5% of the shares, introduced the Zhonglin Group to increase the capital in cash and accounted for 45% of the shares, and the relevant districts and counties used state-owned forest land, forest trees and other forestry assets to participate in the shares of a total of 50%, re-established Chongqing Forestry Investment, and enriched its asset scale.
This move can be described as "three eagles with one stone" - it not only solves the problem of input, but also does not increase government debt or hidden debt, and effectively revitalizes the sleeping mountain forest resources.
At the same time, Zhonglin Group provided guarantees for the project with its own assets, which solved the problem that local governments could not guarantee financing, and also enhanced the lending confidence of CDB.
After the establishment of Chongqing Forestry Investment and Development Co., Ltd., it is controlled by Zhonglin Group and operated in accordance with the market-oriented mechanism, Chongqing Municipality and districts and counties give full play to the role of organization and coordination and government credit reporting, relying on the operation and management experience of Zhonglin Group, forest product processing and marketing channels, absorbing social capital to carry out diversified operations through investment or equity cooperation, and realizing the construction of the whole industrial chain from base construction to forest product processing, sales and service, thus solving the problem of insufficient market player capacity.
Zhang Ruqiong, a former poor household in Jianka, is having dinner in Zhangluo. Hualong Network - New Chongqing client reporter Qiu Xiaoya photo
New value: from "selling a tree for decades" to "ringing a profit" -
How does Chongqing Guochu Forest activate the "whole value chain" of green development with the "whole industry chain"?
In December, Snow fell in Chengkou County, in the hinterland of Daba Mountain.
Although the weather was quite cold, Zhang Ruqiong, a villager in Lanshan Village, Xiuqi Town, was very warm in her heart.
As a former poor household in Jianka, the 48-year-old has successfully removed the "poverty cap".
One of the driving forces that helped her family increase its income was the Chongqing National Reserve Forest Project.
After the "rebirth", Chongqing Lintou began to lay out outlets in the relevant "shareholder districts and counties" in the city, and at present, 1 branch, 3 wholly-owned subsidiaries, 3 shareholding subsidiaries, and 2 escrow enterprises have been set up, covering Chengkou, Fengjie, Wuxi, and Liangpingdi.
Relying on this market-oriented network, Chongqing Forest Investment has been able to cover the funds from the China Development Bank and the channels, management and other elements of the Zhonglin Group to the relevant districts and counties, and comprehensively promote the construction of the State Reserve Forest.
At this stage, how to stimulate the profitability of the project has become another problem that Chongqing must solve.
"The construction of the national reserve forest is a long-term production and operation process. Despite the long-term, low-interest rate policy loan support of the China Development Bank, and the State Forestry and Grassland Administration and the municipal government have also given certain loan discount support, the pressure on enterprises to repay principal and interest is still very large, especially after the grace period expires, if the project cannot achieve profitability, it will face a great repayment risk. Wang Dingfu said.
How to achieve profitability?
To this end, when guiding the implementation plan of the Chongqing Forest Investment Project, the Chongqing Municipal Forestry Bureau proposed to adhere to the principle of "combining long- and medium-short", to create an industrial operation model of "long-term cycle to create precious timber tree species, medium-cycle to create local medium-growing timber tree species, short-term cycle to create fast-growing timber tree species", and at the same time, combined with the construction of reserve forests, the development of seedlings and flowers, under-forest economy, wood deep processing and trade, eco-tourism and ecological health and other operations, to achieve the integration and development of one, two and three industries.
In the meantime, the "spillover effect" of the national reserve forest on increasing the income of the rich people also began to appear.
Zhang Ruqiong never dreamed that "planting trees" could actually help her increase her income.
In September 2019, Chengkou Dabashan Forestry Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Dabashan Forestry"), a subsidiary of Chongqing Forest Investment, launched the first link of the construction of the national reserve forest in the local area: "collection and storage".
The forest land scattered in the hands of the villagers is concentrated through the village collective organization, and then uniformly handed over to the Dabashan Forestry For operation. The annual circulation fee per mu is 50 yuan, of which 10 yuan belongs to the village collective, and the rest goes to the villagers.
Zhang Ruqiong's family's more than 80 acres of forest land also participated in the circulation, and the annual circulation income can be obtained by more than 3,000 yuan.
In the entire city, as of December 2020, 6,712 rural households have received a total of 9.05 million yuan in circulating funds, of which 1,446 are poor households.
The forest has been transferred, and the next step is to expand and improve the quality of the reserve forest through afforestation, forest care and existing forest reform.
In this link, Zhang Ruqiong once again tasted the sweetness - she went to the base to work, and she was paid 120 yuan a day for forest care work. During the forest care work period of more than 2 months a year, she can earn six or seven thousand yuan.
Like Zhang Ruqiong, more than 2,000 peasant households in Chengkou work for the State Reserve Forest, and they receive more than 20 million yuan in migrant income every year.
"Through the construction of the National Reserve Forest, my family has gained tens of thousands of yuan in income, and I can earn money in the future!" Zhang Ruqiong smiled.
That's true.
At present, relying on the national reserve forest, Chengkou is developing industries such as 100,000 mu of Traditional Chinese medicinal material bases and characteristic forest breeding, and plans to lay out green industries such as eco-tourism, health and leisure in the future. After these projects generate revenues, local farmers will receive a third income.
When the state reserve forest is mature and harvested, Chongqing Forest Investment will pay dividends to farmers at a rate of 50 yuan per cubic meter, of which 40 yuan will be paid to farmers participating in land circulation and 10 yuan for village collective economic organizations.
……
"Participating in the construction of the national reserve forest not only increased the local income by 4, but also the foundation of the county's ecological priority and green development was also planted - every tree in Chengkou is gradually becoming a 'cash cow'." Jiang Chengmin, director of the Chengkou County Forestry Bureau, said.
This "cash cow" is thriving in various national reserve forest areas in the city, and has spawned a number of characteristic development models according to local conditions.
In Liangping, 500 mu of sweet tea is growing happily under the national reserve forest, and in the future, the planting area of sweet tea will gradually expand to 20,000 mu; in Fengjie, the local government is working with Chongqing Forest Investment to create a high-quality development of the "Three Gorges Version" of chongqing northeast Chongqing; in Wuxi, relying on the national reserve forest project, the local government is building a national forest experience and forest health key construction base, and planting the foundation of the "national forest tourism demonstration county"...
Chongqing's national reserve forest gradually "flourished".
Regarding the construction of chongqing's national reserve forest, Zhou Qingyu, vice president of the China Development Bank, commented: "Chongqing has invigorated the project operation through mechanisms under the conditions of terrain and terrain, light and hydrothermal conditions. It can be seen that as long as the model is accurate, there is a lot of room for forestry ecological construction. Chongqing's model of 'forest land circulation + logging sharing' provides a good sample for other provinces to promote the construction of national reserve forests. ”
For the construction of the national reserve forest, the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Forestry Bureau said: "By 2035, after the completion of the project, the timber accumulation in the project implementation area will rise from the current average of about 4 cubic meters per mu to more than 8 cubic meters, and the national reserve forest will also become a normalized strategic platform for linking various market elements and incubating various forest-related industries, while promoting the rise of important ecological barriers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, it will become a vivid practice of Chongqing's ecological priority and green development." ”