On September 6, 1949, the Battle of Ningxia began.
Under the leadership of commander Yang Dezhi and political commissar Li Zhimin, our 19th Corps marched from the Lanzhou, Dingxi, and Haiyuan regions in the direction of Yinchuan, the capital of Ningxia Province, in a three-way way, and successively liberated the cities of Jingyuan, Tongxin, and Zhongning. On September 17, two enemy regiments were annihilated at Changle Fort.
When the red flag was planted at WuZhongbao, senior officers of the 128th Army, the Helan Army, the Eleventh Army, and the Security Division of the Provincial Security Command in Ningxia were forced to send an uprising telegram to Chairman Mao, Commander-in-Chief Zhu, and Deputy Commander-in-Chief Peng on September 21, led by Ma Quanliang, commander of the Helan Army:
Since the founding of the Kuomintang, there has been no leadership, no discipline, and the people's livelihood has withered, causing the scourge of war to pervade the whole country, the strong to die of cannon fodder, and the weak to flow into the ravines. At that moment, the war was approaching the northwest, facing Ningxia. Quanliang and other intolerable places 700,000 soldiers and civilians suffered devastation. On the twentieth day of this month, he ceased hostilities, obeyed chairman Mao's leadership, practiced democracy, and put the people on the throne, and the foundation of the country was as safe as a rock. As for how the military will be reorganized and how politics will be renewed, it will be subject to consultation and unanimous obedience.
The People's Liberation Army welcomed the Ningxia military's bid to secede from the Kuomintang reactionary government and return to the people. Peng Dehuai sent out a reply telegram of "100,000 fires" on the evening of the 21st. The message reads as follows:
Commander Ma of the Helan Army, Commander Lu of the 128th Army, commander of the 11th Army:
After the telegram was learned, the generals were very pleased that they wished for a peaceful settlement of the Ningxia issue, and hoped that the governor would lead your troops to see it in practice as soon as possible, and in the meantime they immediately sent a telegram to Commander Yang Dezhi to inform him. That is, a representative was sent to Zhongning to contact Commander Yang for special restoration.
Peng Dehuai Horse Unitary
At this time, the military and government parties in Ningxia were leaderless, the situation was very chaotic, and the illusions and unconvincing mentality of the senior command officials were still at work, so although the peaceful telegram was sent, there was no specific organization of troops on standby for reorganization, and even the troops in the Hedong area were still dispatched to carry out confrontation, and no official representatives were sent to the Nineteenth Corps stationed in Zhongning in time to negotiate. Because of these circumstances, Yang Dezhi was worried that the enemy was again slowing down the army in an attempt to buy time and prepare for continued resistance or flight. Because just a few days ago, our army was preparing to launch an attack on the Jinzhi area, Ma Dunjing humbly entrusted the people to ask Deputy Commander-in-Chief Peng Dehuai to postpone the attack so that they could hold a meeting to discuss the uprising. General Manager Peng immediately replied with a warm heart, expecting the Ning Ma Army to repent and throw himself into the people's democratic camp. However, Ma Dunjing not only did not discuss the uprising, but on the contrary seized the opportunity to grasp the preparations for war and decided to fight a decisive battle with our army in the Jinwei area. Is the enemy sincere this time? For the sake of prudence, Yang Dewang ordered the troops to continue their advance before the official representatives of the Ningma Army arrived in Zhongning to sign. Subsequently, they captured Qingtongxia, Jinji, Lingwu and other places, and by the 21st, all three lines of defense arranged by Ma Hongkui had been broken. Ma Dunjing, the son of Ma Hongkui and the commander-in-chief of the Ning Ma Army, had no choice but to flee to Chongqing by plane. Lu Zhongliang, commander of the Kuomintang 128th Army, and Ma Tingxiu, secretary general of the Ningxia Provincial Government, signed the surrender.
- The signature went through a lot of twists and turns.
When the peaceful old man Guo Nanpu arrived in Yinchuan, he went to Ma Hongkui's mansion several times to "General Di", but was rejected by Ma Hongkui, and Mr. Guo went to meet Ma Hongbin, deputy chief of the Northwest Military and Political Chief's Office and Ma Hongkui's cousin. Ma Hongbin warmly received him at his official residence, the "Five Acres House," saying: "When I went to Suiyuan, Fu Zuoyi and Deng Baoshan were entrusted by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai to persuade me to revolt. I was tired of fighting and fighting, and the people needed peace, so I decided to part ways with Chiang Kai-shek and Ma Bufang and was willing to accept the conditions for the peaceful liberation of Ningxia proposed by the CHINESE Communists. ”
However, at that time, the military and political circles in Ningxia were not subordinate to each other, and it was difficult to coordinate and unify actions. Therefore, Ma Hongbin, as a "parent," summoned senior military and political officials in Ningxia to his mansion "Five Acres House" for a meeting.
At the meeting, the commander of the 168th Division said in a menacing manner: "We must uphold Chairman Ma's will and fight with the communist army until we are finished!" ”
Ma Hongbin said: "If you fight, it is equivalent to sending chickens to the tiger's mouth!" Ma Qing said sadly, "Then let's go to the desert to fight guerrillas!" ”
Ma Hongbin said, "You dragged the team into the desert, there was no food and no water, are you going to die of thirst and starvation of your brothers?!" ”
...... After arguing for two hours, the argument was speechless. Finally, Ma Hongbin proposed that Lu Zhongliang, lieutenant general of the 128th Army, Ma Guangtian, chief of staff of lieutenant general of the Ningxia Security Command, and Ma Tingxiu, secretary general of the Ningxia Provincial Government and director of the Department of Civil Affairs, be represented by two people to negotiate with the PLA. Lu Zhongliang and others hurried to Zhongning and held meetings with Yang Dezhi, commander of the Nineteenth Corps of the People's Liberation Army; Li Zhimin, political commissar; Ge Yanchun, deputy commander; Geng Biao, deputy commander and chief of staff; and Pan Zili, deputy political commissar and director of the Political Department. Yang Dezhi said to them angrily: "Before the People's Liberation Army set out from Lanzhou, the eighty-two-year-old Mr. Guo Nanfu came to run for the peaceful liberation of Ningxia, but you ignored them, but instead sent people to monitor and arrest them. ”
Suddenly, Lu Zhongliang and all three of them became nervous.
Yang Dezhi then said, "I heard that some of you want to drag the team into the desert to fight a guerrilla war after losing the battle, and tell you that it is not easy to do." The People's Liberation Army is a guerrilla fighter, and if anyone really wants to fight guerrilla warfare with us in the desert, then you must be annihilated, and we will show no mercy! ”
Li Zhimin said: "You can rest assured that the People's Liberation Army is the most trustworthy, and now that you have laid down your arms and surrendered to the people, we are still in line with the policy of leniency, do not blame the past, and are willing to accept your demand for the peaceful liberation of Ningxia." ”
At 2 p.m. on September 23, the two sides signed and sealed the agreement. The agreement is as follows:
1. All Ningxia troops shall be promptly concentrated in accordance with the places designated by the Nineteenth Corps of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and shall be subject to handling, and shall not move without authorization during this period. Otherwise, the People's Liberation Army will not be responsible for any emergency.
2. All party, government, and military organs, municipal organs, public enterprises, pastures, public property, and buildings in Ningxia, as well as all weapons, ammunition, warehouse materials, official documents, archives, etc., shall immediately make an inventory and wait for them to be handed over, and shall not destroy, conceal, transfer, or sell them illegally. All prison inmates are subject to reception and treatment. Our personnel who have been captured shall not be killed, but shall be surrendered in their entirety. All personnel of the secret service organs of the Jiang clan must not be let go.
3. In areas not yet reached by the People's Liberation Army, the former local military and political organs and units in Ningxia shall be responsible for guarding materials and maintaining public order, and shall not have any incidents of sabotage or loss.
4. When implementing the above three articles on the part of the Ningxia troops, the People's Liberation Army side shall ensure the safety of all officers and men of the troops participating in the peace talks.
5. In order to effectively implement the above four agreements, it was decided that the two sides would organize a joint office in Yinchuan to deal with the above matters. The office consists of nine people, five from the People's Liberation Army and one as the director, and four from Ningxia with one deputy director.
However, less than two hours after Zhongning signed it, all sides reported: The Helan Army stationed at dams and small dams and the Eleventh Army stationed in Yinchuan had lost control and had collapsed on their own, and the rangers scattered and bravely looted everywhere, indiscriminately shot guns, and made a lot of trouble.
Lu Zhongliang was even more anxious: "The People's Liberation Army should quickly enter Yinchuan!" The Einsatzgruppen left by Ma Hongkui is very rampant, night people's houses, robbing property, shooting innocents, you go early, you can control the situation and stabilize the people's hearts! Yang Dezhi sent a telegram to Peng Dehuai, asking for instructions for action.
On the night of September 22, the Second Battalion of the 574th Regiment of the 192nd Division, which was guarding the Rencun Ferry, suddenly received an urgent telephone call from both sides of the strait, claiming to be Ma Quanliang, commander of the Helan Army, and Wang Boxiang, deputy commander of the Helan Army, and asked the People's Liberation Army to quickly cross the river by boat, saying that there was an important matter to meet with Commander Zeng Siyu.
After asking for instructions, he replied to them: It is late, the river is windy and the waves are urgent, please cross the river after dawn. Kema Quanliang and the others insisted on crossing the Yellow River that night. After asking for instructions again, Ma Quanliang and Wang Boxiang were taken to the east bank by a small steam wheel. The two looked terrified and insisted on seeing the head of the People's Liberation Army.
"The military situation is in a hurry, so it is better to see the chief of your army one minute earlier." "The military chief said, I'll see you tomorrow morning."
On the morning of the 23rd, Zeng Siyu, commander of the Sixty-fourth Army, Fu Chongbi, deputy political commissar, and chief of staff Yuan Peijue, received Ma Quanliang and Wang Boxiang at the military headquarters. In order to show his welcome, Commander Zeng also specially sent people to buy hand-caught lamb, stewed chicken, Yellow River carp, scrambled eggs and other hearty Muslim favorite meals from the street, and set up a banquet to entertain them.
During the banquet, Commander Zeng and Vice Political Commissar Fu treated each other very warmly and politely. But Ma Quanliang looked at a table of dishes, and he stopped in a daze from time to time, and his heart was confused,...... Halfway through the meal, Ma Quanliang couldn't bear it any longer, tears came out of his eyes, and he said very guiltily:
"The Helan army did not control it well, and ran away overnight, I am the commander of the first army, I have an unshirkable responsibility, and Quanliang is willing to accept any punishment from the PLA."
"Commander Ma doesn't have to worry too much," Zeng Siyu said with a magnanimous smile after hearing this, and comforted him: How can I blame you for this, please think about it, your soldiers are all forcibly recruited and hard-caught, and they are usually bullied and insulted by the officials. This kind of practice can only play a role in centrifugal devotion and arouse the soldiers' greater hatred for you, is not it a total outbreak now?! They rebelled and fled back to their hometown to go to an early birthday, and before they left, they didn't hit your black guns and didn't cut off your heads, which is very good, the two of them are really lucky! ”
Ma Quanliang and Wang Boxiang bowed their heads and listened quietly with concern. Zeng Siyu went on to say: "Commander Ma took into account the interests of the people of Ningxia and the lives of tens of thousands of soldiers and brothers, and with the overall situation as the most important, he was able to lead the electrified uprising, and the people thank you." As for the collapse of the army, no one can stop this, and we will slowly collect the guns in the future, and you don't have to worry! ”
Ma Quanliang gradually turned from worry to joy, and the sadness on his face was swept away. Then, he worriedly briefed Zeng Siyu on the situation in Yinchuan City:
The Ningxia army electrified the uprising, which won the support and support of the vast number of officers and men. However, there are also artificial rumors that say: "After the Ningxia army revolts, it will all be absorbed by the People's Liberation Army, and then it will be pulled out to fight Sichuan." "The Communist Party has always been sweet before bitter, and later it will hold officers accountable for their crimes, and all Hui officers with the surname of 'Ma' will be treated as horse bandits." For a time, rumors spread within the army, everyone was in danger, and the military's morale was floating. The soldiers first fled in three or five, then ran in rows and companies, and finally the whole army collapsed. After the Helan army stationed in the big and small dams broke up, the soldiers ran everywhere like wild horses that had lost their reins.
...... Inside Yinchuan City, the sound of gunfire was incessant, people shouted dogs barked, and there was chaos. Ma Guangzong, commander of the Eleventh Army, had to stand on the roof of the Yinchuan Hotel (the headquarters of the Eleventh Army) and personally command the special agent company to maintain the situation. The soldiers of the 189th Division stationed in the city, as if venting their long-standing resentment in their chests, shot out the bullets in their guns fiercely, and then threw empty machine guns, submachine guns, and rifles everywhere, and rushed outside Yinchuan City. Ma Guangzong was afraid that he would become the "commander of the light pole" and would not be able to account to the People's Liberation Army in the future, so he hurriedly ordered the closure of the four gates of Yinchuan and the prohibition of scattered troops leaving the city. But the scattered soldiers gathered in front of the gate, desperately rushed outside, and hit the city gate with their arms, and hit the city gate with bricks and logs. The city gate slammed open, desperately trying to flee. They trampled on each other for a while, crowded, and countless dead and injured.
...... In the midst of the chaos, some stragglers took advantage of the fire and looted. They housed people at night, extorted property, shot innocents, and the common people cried bitterly. Some of the bad guys also pretended to be the Ningxia underground party and forcibly took over Ma Hongkui's warehouse, weapons depot, and repair center, but they were recognized by the guards and staff with patriotic hearts, and they dispersed the bandits.
In Yinchuan City, the most rampant activities were Ma Hongkui's three special service battalions and the transmission team. They were well-armed and equipped, and most of their members were close associates recruited by Ma Hongkui from his hometown of Hezhou, Gansu. The officers of the three special service battalions and the summoning team resolutely opposed the electrified uprising of the Ningxia army and advocated stubborn resistance to the Communist Party to the end. They were extremely hostile to Ma Quanliang, Lu Zhongliang, Ma Guangzong, and other senior generals who had led the revolt, and on the night of September 21, they held a meeting and conspired, decided to kill Ma Quanliang and others, and pulled their troops to Hezhou to continue fighting the People's Liberation Army. Fortunately, a deputy battalion commander of the special agent battalion, due to internal contradictions and other reasons, immediately revealed the news to Ma Quanliang. In this dangerous situation, Ma Quanliang and Wang Boxiangcai decided to run out at night, report the situation to the People's Liberation Army quickly, and request that troops be sent into Yinchuan City as soon as possible to quell the riots, lift the crisis, save the people in the city, and protect state property...
Ma Quanliang pleaded with Zeng Siyu: "Yinchuan City is in the midst of water and fire, please ask Commander Zeng to send troops as soon as possible to stop the riots and control the situation." Otherwise, the day will change, and Quan Liang will add sin to the sin and live up to the expectations of the people, and I really can't afford it! ”
After hearing this, Zeng Siyu frowned, pondered silently, and was very anxious in his heart. The situation in Yinchuan City was much worse than he expected. According to his own wishes, of course, he would like to immediately drive into Yinchuan and liberate this famous ancient city in the northwest. However, this matter is related to the peaceful settlement of the policy issue of Ningxia, and without the approval of the head of the corps, it is impossible to advance the city. Thinking of this, Commander Zeng helplessly folded his hands and said apologetically to Ma and Wang: "The order to enter Yinchuan has not yet been issued, or please wait patiently, the People's Liberation Army will enter the city sooner or later, and the time will not be long!" ”
"Commander Zeng, the time will not drag on," Ma Quanliang saw that Zeng Siyu refused to send troops, and he was anxious to rub his hands and pleaded one after another: "Since the army is destined to liberate Yinchuan, what is the harm in going in a few days early; on the contrary, if you go in a few days late, the soldiers will scatter and the people will be in chaos, and the situation will be very different." Please weigh the pros and cons of Commander Zeng, or send troops into the city as soon as possible! ”
"Well," Zeng Siyu thought about it, thinking that it made sense, "I ask Commander Yang to say it again!" ”
Just when Ma Quanliang asked Zeng Siyu to send troops as soon as possible, Mr. Ma Hongbin immediately sent an urgent telegram to Peng Dehuai:
The Ningxia troops have formed a collapse phenomenon, the officials can not control the troops, robberies have occurred everywhere, please ask the commander to quickly send troops to Ningxia to calm the people's minds.
Peng Dehuai immediately made a decision and called Yang Dezhi: "Order the 191st Division to cross the Yellow River from Rencun, travel through the starry night, rush to Yinchuan, and suppress the evil qi of the demon wind!" ”
Yinchuan, is a beautiful ancient city, she east of the Yellow River, west of The Helan Mountain, is a famous city and military town in China. However, in history, Yinchuan has suffered countless disasters such as wars, plunder, massacres, and famines, and has soaked the blood and tears of the laborers. The national disputes and vendettas provoked by the reactionary ruling class of successive generations have again and again destroyed and tormented this beautiful, rich and troubled ancient city.
Especially during the reign of Ma Hongkui, the cruel exploitation plunged the entire ancient city into a moribund situation. The orchard city of "the old name of the south of the Saibei River" has become a dilapidated city with "no wind and three feet of dust, rain through mud and shins, stinky pits everywhere, mosquitoes and flies clustered". Except for an armory shop and a power plant of the Fifteenth Route Army, there are only a few small handicraft workshops for ceramics, felt, rice milling, and flour milling.
The people of Yinchuan City, unable to bear the cruel rule of the Ma family, extorted money, grabbed soldiers and distributed money, and paid harsh taxes, fled the ancient city one after another, and ran to the deserted grasslands, deserts and provinces to earn a living. According to Ichino's statistics after entering the city, the huge city of Yinchuan was only 36,000 people left in the early days of liberation.
The 191st Division of the Nineteenth Corps, under the leadership of Deputy Division Commander Sun Shufeng, braved the rain and rushed forward overnight. When I arrived in Yinchuan, it was already twelve o'clock in the evening. Outside the small south gate, there stood many welcoming representatives and commanders and fighters from all walks of life, such as the military, government, commerce, and academia, who felt a heavy responsibility, and immediately got on the forty cars brought by the deputies and braved the rain to rush to Yinchuan City.
The sound of gunfire coming from Yinchuan City was already faintly audible. The warriors mounted their bayonets and mounted their machine guns on the carport, ready for the unexpected.
There are no troops in Yinchuan City, and the streets are deserted, like an empty city. Although the rangers could not be seen harassing and robbing, the scattered gunshots continued to sound.
After the troops entered the city, they quickly expanded to the whole city. Alert soldiers laid off their posts in hutongs, laid out sentries at the intersection of the streets, and occupied the commanding heights of the Four Gate City Tower, the Bell and Drum Tower, the Jade Emperor Pavilion, and the West Tower, and soon controlled the whole city of Yinchuan.
Old Mr. Guo Nanfu also came to welcome him. When Sun Shufeng saw him, he was very excited. He personally took a truck to Ma Hongkui's mansion, and the female students who came outside the city to welcome the Plaster Army came to follow.
When the truck drove to the "General's First" of Ma Hongkui's mansion, the soldiers jumped out of the car and went straight into the courtyard to see that the compound was empty. Walking into the house, it was empty again.
A female student introduced: "When Ma Fatzi escaped by plane, he took all the gold and silver treasures with him..."
As he spoke, a warrior raised his gun, "What's that?" ”
The schoolgirl understood that the black guy was a piano, so she walked over and sat down in front of her, lifted the lid, flicked it lightly, and said, "This thing can't get on the plane, so Ma Fatzi dropped it." ”
"What is this?" Battlefield asked. "Piano."
"A piano made of steel?!" The warrior's eyes widened in amazement. The schoolgirl wanted to laugh and gently played the song.
The warrior looked and cried, his eyes widening.
Just then, gunshots kept coming from the city. Sun Shufeng ordered the soldiers to immediately get into the car, put their guns on bayonets, and mount machine guns on the carport to encircle and suppress the counter-revolutionary Einsatzgruppen hidden in the city; and quickly occupied the airfield to prevent the enemy from parachuting.
As the troops moved quickly, the gunfire in the city gradually subsided. Sun Shufeng ordered his men to accept the surrender of the 168th Division in the west of the city.
In the new city 15 miles west of Yinchuan, there was the enemy's 168th Division, and according to intelligence, the soldiers of that division abandoned their guns and fled the barracks, and the whole division ran only about 500 people.
Before dawn, Liu Dongchao led a squad to the new city. Just after entering the south gate, I was stunned by another kind of scenic spot - the enemy actually posed a company of soldiers, armed with bayonet spears, lined up on both sides of the gate, and the position was aggressive.
My soldiers were immediately loaded and alerted outside the gate. Liu Dongqi shouted, "Who is your chief?" ”
A tall thin man walked over, his eyes filled with contempt: "I am Ma Qing, commander of the 168th Division." ”
Liu Dongchao asked, "Do you still want to play with prestige?" ”
Ma Qing glanced at my mighty and majestic team, suddenly and honestly, and said, "We have come to welcome you." ”
"Remove the troops!" "They are my retinue of guards..."
Commander Liu said in awe, "We are under the instructions of our superiors to receive your division." You have handed over to us the existing strength of the whole division, weapons and ammunition, and other military materials, and handed over to us as soon as possible! ”
Ma Qing was shocked, but still bargained: "It's almost dawn, wait until dawn to do it..."
Liu Dongchao's expression was even stronger: "I order you to do it now!" ”
Ma Qing was completely soft, like a deflated leather ball, and said continuously: "Do it now, do it now..."
At midnight, our 19th Corps all occupied the ancient city of Yinchuan, and Ma Hongkui's 17-year history of ruling Ningxia came to an end.
……
It was dawn. The fiery red sun rises from the east, and the eastern sky looks like bright red silk, reflecting the glory of Yinchuan City.
Sun Shufeng rushed to the airport by jeep. Finding the company headquarters, without seeing the company commander, he drank a porcelain jar of cold water and walked toward the tarmac. When he saw an airplane, his heart was overjoyed, and he almost trotted to the plane and was shocked.
I saw that the fuselage, wings, and wheels of the plane were all tightly bound with ropes, and the ropes were knotted on many newly buried wooden stakes around them, which seemed strong enough.
There were seven or eight warriors standing guard in a majestic manner.
Deputy Division Commander Sun looked at it, was angry and ridiculous, and asked, "What are you doing with it?" ”
The warrior saluted and replied, "Our captive plane, it can't run anymore!" "It's a captive, and you should treat it favorably!" Deputy Division Commander Sun asked with a smile. The warrior smiled hesitantly, "In the future, I will give preferential treatment, but now I will control it and temporarily grievance it." ”
"Who came up with this solution?" "Company Commander." "Where's the company commander?"
At this time, the company commander came running upside down, running sweaty, and when he saw Deputy Division Commander Sun, he saluted and said, "The deputy division commander is coming." ”
Sun Shufeng pointed to the plane and asked with a smile: "Is it your high move?" The company commander replied with a smile, "Yes, lest it fly." Sun Shufeng asked again, "Is it a pigeon or a magpie?" ”
"Airplanes, of course!" Deputy Division Commander Sun, I think that Mr. Peng has been drilling ravines to fight wars for decades, and this time he wants to let Mr. Peng take a plane and drive away the foreign meat! ”
During the conversation, several warriors pushed a small wooden cart, which was piled with wires. Sun Shufeng understood everything at first glance, and then asked: "Do you still want to use wire to strengthen it again?" The company commander replied, "Yes..."
Sun Shufeng said sarcastically, "Your wish is very good, but this method..."
The company commander asked, "Is the solution bad?" ”
Sun Shufeng waved his hand: "You are a clever fool!" ”