Lufhan
Sanhua Village is located in the huadu Xinhua succession of the east and west of the city, is a veritable urban village, adjacent to guangzhou north railway station, Beijing-Guangzhou railway, Wuguang express line, Guangqing Expressway, 107 national highway through the border, has obvious geographical advantages. Sanhua Village has been open for nearly a thousand years, has a deep historical accumulation and rich cultural relics, there are more than 300 Ming and Qing style green brick buildings, only more than 20 ancestral hall buildings, becoming the village with the largest number of existing ancestral halls in the whole district. Make full use of the rich ancestral hall resources and tap its profound cultural connotation, which has become a new opportunity for the rural revitalization strategy of Sanhua Village.
Prominent and prestigious family
According to the "Xu Clan Genealogy", the Xu clan of the village was originally from Nanchang Province, Jiangxi Province, the 28th ancestor Xu Xin, zi Defu, zejiang, for the Song Emperor You period (1049-1054) of the jinshi, the official Zhongshu Tai advice and settled in Guangdong, first lived in Nanxiong Baochang County, Zhujili Niutian Village, in the early Song Dynasty Taiping Xingguo sixth year (981) moved to Zhaoqing Province Nan'an Township (now Foshan Sanshui District Nan'an Village), became the ancestor of their own clan into Guangdong. Xu Xin's third son Xu Zongyuan appointed the official Nanhai County Master Book, see "the realm of Bayu, the land is sparse", can be developed, in the northern Song Dynasty Yuanfeng eight years (1085) came here to set up land, build a house, and named the apartment "Sanhualu", becoming the ancestor of The Xu clan of Sanhua Village, the village has a history of 935 years.
○ Xu VIII opened the branch for Guan IX. Xu Zongyuan (1055-1106) was the official of the first generation, Xu Zongyuan (1055-1106) was the master of the South China Sea, Xu Chun (1095-1165) was the first year of Shaoxing and the official Yanyun Si Tongzhi, the third ancestor Xu Qiu (1130-1184) was the assistant teacher of the official Guozi, the fourth ancestor Xu Qi (1165-1195) was awarded the doctoral missionary of official Guoxue, and the fifth ancestor Xu Runeng (1195-1263) was awarded the official Yuhang County, Zhejiang Province. The sixth Zu Mengde (1220-1300) was appointed the remaining judge, Xu Mengchong (1223-1270) was appointed the viceroy of the Lizong Dynasty (without heirs), the seventh ancestor Xu Kongsun (1258-1328) was awarded the official ceremonial staff Wailang, and the eighth ancestor Xu Guozheng (1292-1364) was awarded the official Nankang Province.
The first eight generations of the Xu clan were all passed down, and in the ninth generation, Xu Guozheng spread his branches and gave birth to six sons in a row, namely "Tianfu, Zufu, Shengfu, Jingfu, Shanchang, shanke" (the fourth son Jingfu died prematurely, so he could not follow the "Fu" character generation), and the five sons "Xizhi, Hengzhi, Houzhi, Qingzhi, and Xingzhi". Since then, the Xu family has been very large, and Datangbian, Dahua, Wuhua, Gongyi, Daling Lianxi, Xiaodongpu, Huacheng Street East, Chixiao Lotus Pond and Jinshan have all branches of the Xu people in the village. At present, the registered population of Sanhua Village is about 5,500 people, and the population of Huadu Xu is about 30,000 people.
○ Yingjian Wei City opened a bookstore. In 1908, the Guangdong-Han Railway was opened to Huaxian County, and a New Street Railway Station was set up next to Sanhua Village, which led to the development of surrounding commerce. In 1912, the Xu clan of Sanhua Village was funded by the "Shide Tang" public taste, and set aside land on the east side of the Xinjie Railway Station to build a "New Minbu" in Wei City, which became the largest Wei City in the countryside of Hua County at that time. In April 1938, Shinminbu was bombed by 12 Japanese aircraft and dropped incendiary bombs, which was reduced to rubble. In 1944, the Xu clan of Sanhua Village once again allocated public land to rebuild the Wei City in the northeast corner of the original Xinmin Port, called "Xinhua City", which was still relatively complete in its original form in the 1960s and 1970s, and only in the past 20 or 30 years continued to demolish the old and build new ones, and the urban area continued to expand to the northeast, achieving today's Huadu Xinhua District.
In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Guangdong's printing industry flourished with the popularity of popular novels and local folk songs such as "Wooden Fish". During the Guangxu years, the Xu clan of Sanhua Village opened the "Wuguitang" bookstore in The Seventh Fu (now Guangfu Middle Road) in Guangzhou, printing local folk songs such as wooden fish, Nanyin, Dragon Boat, Cantonese praise, saltwater songs, as well as old novels, Tongsheng, calendars, four books and five classics, etc. The business continued to expand, and in the early years of the Republic of China, the branch office was also opened to The Hollywood Road in Hong Kong, and the business flourished, accumulating rich wealth for the Xu family.
○ Famous people in history. The Xu clan of Sanhua Village has been spread here for nearly a thousand years and has become a local magnate, so it has taken the lead in opening cultural education earlier and is easy to accept new culture and new ideas. In the Xinhai Revolution, he actively melted into the oven of the democratic revolution, became generous and benevolent, and calmly went to his death, and the loyal soul of the martyrs stood in the annals of history.
Xu Weiyang and Huang Huagang Eighteen Martyrs. (More on that in another article)
Hong Kong filmmaker Xu Xiaoming. His family name is Xu Yaoming, the 28th grandson of the Xu clan of Sanhua Village, a famous director in Hong Kong, the founding president of the Hong Kong Television Professionals Association, and an executive director of Cable Entertainment Co., Ltd., the president of cable satellite TV operations, and the president of Jiaoyang Film and Jiaoyang Music. He has won more than 10 awards such as the 2007 Hong Kong Golden Bauhinia Award, the 2008 Sino-US Film Festival Golden Angel Award, the Huston International Film Festival Outstanding Film Award, the China Outstanding Chinese Top Ten Outstanding Film Award, the China Television Golden Eagle Award, the China Excellent Film Special Award, the 2013 Sino-US Film Festival Outstanding Chinese Drama Golden Angel Award, especially the 13th World Outstanding Chinese Award on May 4, 2013, and the honorary doctorate awarded by the University of the North.
Rich ancestral hall resources
Ancestral halls began to appear and gradually arose from the Western Han Dynasty, when they were built in tombs, called "tomb shrines". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi's "Family Ceremony" established the system of ancestral halls, and since then it has been called the family temple as an ancestral hall. At that time, there was a limit to the hierarchy of ancestral halls, and the people were not allowed to erect shrines. It was not until the Ming Jiajing period that the private construction of ancestral halls was allowed, so most of the ancestral halls seen today were built during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Generally speaking, even if a village has a thousand years of heritage, no matter how large the clan reproduction is, after the vicissitudes of the years and the baptism of historical wind and rain, there are only a few ancestral halls left. However, although Sanhua Village is a high-rise urban village, it is rare that there are still 22 ancestral halls left today.
○Sanhua Village is the village with the largest number of ancestral halls in Huadu. Sanhua Village is divided into four economic societies: Zhonghua Society, Xihua Society, Yuanhua Society, and Donghua Society, and the ancestral hall is mainly concentrated in the Zhonghua Society and the Xihua Society. Among them, the Zhonghua Society has Xu Clan Ancestral Hall, Mo Ling Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Senior Doctor Ancestral Hall (the 20th ancestor is Zhi Jun, 24 is Fang Zheng), Hengzhi Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Nanshan Academy (Xu Shi Liang Sheng Ancestral Hall), Jizhi Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Guobi Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Fuyuan Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Zhonghe Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Zhi Jun Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Xu (Zheng) Dafu Ancestral Hall (Zhi Jun's son) a total of 11, Xihua Society has a total of 3 Sub-Hua Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Yushan Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Donghu Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Yuanhua Society has Yunshan Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Fengshan Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Dongsong Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, and Xiao Zhai Xu Gong Ancestral Hall in total, Donghua Society has 4 temples, including Jian Song Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Dongquan Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Dongli Xu Gong Ancestral Hall and commonly known as Ancestral Hall Tsai.
○ The Senior Doctor Ancestral Hall complex is the crown of the Huadu Ancestral Hall. The ancestral hall of senior doctors and Nanshan Academy, Hengzhi Xugong Ancestral Hall is built side by side, blended into one, the building complex covers an area of 22,100 square meters, the total width of the building is 56.7 meters, the total depth is 57.1 meters, the total area is 3500 square meters, and there are two adjacent back buildings in the back, which are condescending and high-end atmosphere. The Ancestral Hall of the Senior Doctor and the Nanshan Academy have respectively built the Sacred Will Arch, which is engraved with the Emperor's commandments. This is the ancestral hall complex with the largest scale, the highest specifications, the most exquisite craftsmanship and the best preservation in Huadu, and is a cultural relics protection unit in Guangdong Province.
○ Xu's Ancestral Hall is one of the oldest ancestral halls in Huadu. The Xu Ancestral Hall is the oldest ancestral hall in the village and one of the oldest ancestral halls in Huadu, and the stone gate shows that it was rebuilt in the 58th year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1793). The name of the ancestral hall was inscribed by Zhao Chongxin, a jinshi of The Fourteenth Year of Ming Jiajing (1535), and the name of the archway was inscribed by Song Hao, a Jinshi of Qingzhou, Shandong, who served as the ZhiXian of Hua County in the fifth year of Qianlong (1740). From the Ming Jiajing period to allow folk to repair the ancestral hall, more than 250 years from the time of the reconstruction of the ancestral hall, and the inscription of Songzhi County is also 200 years, sanhua village clan is huge, successive generations of officials, should be relatively early response to the construction of the temple.
According to this inference, Zhao Chongxin inscribed the name of the shrine should be the date of its founding, and it was rebuilt successively in the fifth year of Qianlong and the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong, and the archway was added during the reconstruction. The ancestral hall's pick-up, chiti, shrimp male beam stone lion, pillar foundation and other components are made of duck stone, stone steps, patios, pedestals, etc. are made of red sandstone, which are commonly used in Ming Dynasty architecture, which also confirms the statement that it was founded in the Ming Dynasty.
The Xu Gong Ancestral Hall of the Set is the former site of the Fanhua Branch of the Chinese League Association (separately introduced).
Rich cultural implications
The ancestral hall is the ancestral hall of the worshippers, a hard indicator of the clan system, and the spiritual core of the clan, and people even compare it to the "life root" of the human being. Therefore, ancestral hall buildings often concentrate the greatest human, material and financial resources of a people, integrating architecture, thought, culture, folklore and art, and every inch is pinned on people's good wishes, containing rich cultural connotations and precious historical information.
○ The Sacred Purpose Arch highlights the glory of Xu's family. The archway is an ancient building erected in recognition of meritorious service, Kodi, Virtue and Filial Piety, and there are four arches in Sanhua Village, which are attached to the ancestral hall. Among them, two sacred arches named "Senior Doctor" and "Fengzhi Doctor" are located in the Ancestral Hall of senior doctors and Nanshan Academy, respectively; two general family arches named "Pai Yan DongMing" and "Bao Shi Zi Da", are located in the Xu Ancestral Hall and the Xu Gong Ancestral Hall of Mo Ling, respectively. These arches are a magnificent and three-dimensional "certificate of commendation", showing the noble virtues and great achievements of the ancestors of the Xu family.
"Senior Doctor" Archway. Located in the Ancestral Hall of the Senior Doctor, it is a three-room four-pillar and four-story layout, using high-quality bluestone masonry, carved with entangled flowers and grasses, carp leaping dragon gate, stage characters, fish and partridge kisses, fu in front of the eyes and other ornaments. The archway is engraved with an edict from the Qing Tongzhi Emperor to appoint Xu Fangzheng's grandfather Xu Fangzheng of the 24th Ancestral Army of the village as a "Senior Doctor", and on both sides there are relief statues of Wen Cheng Wu Wei, and the words "Holy Will" and "Enrong" indicate the rank of the archway. The stone carving and stone carving of the archway are exquisite, ranking first in the existing archway in Huadu.
"Fengzhi Doctor" archway. Located in Nanshan Academy, it is a three-room three-story layout, built of green bricks and granite masonry, and the front is engraved with the edict of Xu Shiliang, the father of Xu Biaozheng, the chief of the 24th Ancestral Army Department of the village, as "Fengzhi Dafu", and the four characters of "Filial Piety and Honesty" are engraved on the back, the upper right paragraph is engraved with "Xianfeng Five Years of Yi Di Feng Zhi Special Lift", and the lower left paragraph is engraved "Xu Shiliang Gongcheng". The entire archway and the stone front are surrounded by various brick carvings of flowers, birds, fish and insects, and the brick carvings on the forehead are the most exquisite.
"Pai Yan Dong Ming" archway. Located in the Xu Ancestral Hall, it is a three-door and five-story brick and stone arch, and the brick carving Ruyi Dou Arch is very exquisite. The stone front of the archway is engraved with "Pai Yan Dong Ming", the back is engraved with "Shi De Zuo Qiu", and the two side arches are engraved with "Yi Lu" and "Li Men". The performance of Dongming is sent to illustrate the origin of the Xu lineage. Dongming County, where the Xu clan originated, is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, where the Yellow River enters Lu First County, when the two provinces of Luyu and Luyu are at the turn of the two provinces. The merit of the world refers to the merit of successive lifetimes and the virtue of the previous life. From "Poetry Daya Xiawu": "The king is worthy of The capital, and The world is the one who asks for it." ”
"Bao Shi Zi Da" archway. It is located in the Xu Gong Ancestral Hall of Mo Ling, adjacent to the Xu Ancestral Hall. Xu Moling is the twelfth ancestor of the Xu clan, and the local custom is that the younger generations of the family tomb should be in front of the elders, taking the meaning of their knees. Therefore, the ancestral hall of the younger generation can not be juxtaposed with the ancestral hall, and the door of the Xugong Ancestral Hall is not engraved with the name of the ancestral hall, but the name of the ancestral hall is engraved on the wooden plaque and hung forward on the front of the door, so that it can be closer than the ancestral hall and does not affect the beauty of the village.
Bao Shi grew up and placed his hopes on the Xu clan to be able to maintain the good wishes of the Minglu clan to inherit from generation to generation and the growing branches of the clan. Baoshi means to maintain the generational transmission of clans, lords or dynasties; to grow is to increase, to add, to grow. Shaowen Yide, or "Shaoyi", is an allusion from the Shangshu Kangxuan, which means to inherit the family reputation and pursue the teachings of the ancestors, and it is also a high hope for future generations.
○ The inscription of the celebrity in the ancestral hall gate highlights the glory. The ancestral hall is a symbol of the family, and the name of the ancestral hall on the front of the door is the façade of the ancestral hall, so we all hope to invite the inscription of celebrities or officials to add glory to the face of the ancestors. The Xu clan is a large family that has lived here for nearly a thousand years, and has inextricable relations with the surrounding government and local squires. Therefore, the title of their ancestral hall must also have a certain origin.
Xu's Ancestral Hall. It is an ancestral hall commemorating Xu Zongyuan, the ancestor of Xu's Kaiji, which was built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in the 58th year of Qianlong (1793). The "Xu Clan Ancestral Hall" was inscribed by Zhao Chongxin, a Ming Dynasty scholar. Zhao Chongxin, Jiajing fourteen years (1535) Yi Weike Jinshi, Shunde people, official to Guizhou according to the deputy envoy, good at calligraphy, handed down works include cursive "Seven Laws , Jiangzhou Qixi" and so on. The archway "Sending Performances to Dongming" and "Shide Zuoqiu" were inscribed by Song Hao, a jinshi from Qingzhou, Shandong, who served as the zhi county of HuaXian in the fifth year of Qianlong (1740).
Senior Doctor's Ancestral Hall. It was built by Xu Fangzheng, the 24th ancestor of the Xu clan, for his grandfather Xu Dekui to be named Senior Doctor, and was built in the seventh year of Qing Tongzhi (1868), and the door "Senior Doctor Ancestral Hall" was inscribed by Liang Jiutu, a famous scholar in Lingnan. Liang Jiutu, a native of Shunde, Guangdong, was a social celebrity, philanthropist and poet during the Tongzhi period of Daoguang Xianfeng, and one of the founders of the Famous Garden of Lingnan Liangyuan, who served as the prison of the Ministry of Punishment.
Nanshan Academy. It is the ancestral shrine built by Xu Biaozheng, the head of the 24th ancestral military department of the Xu clan, for Xu Shiliang, who was named fengzhi dafu, and the door "Nanshan Academy" was inscribed by Chen Hongxuan, a man from Panyu County. Chen Hongyu (陈洪揆), a native of Panyu, Guangdong, was a man of the nineteenth year of Daoguang (1839), who was good at writing letters and took "Nanshan" as the title to wish the owner of the ancestral hall such as Nanshan a high life.
Cihua Xugong Ancestral Hall. Built to commemorate Xu Cihua, the 14th ancestor of the Xu clan, it was built in the 20th year of the Qing Dynasty (1894), and the door "Cihua Xu Gong Ancestral Hall" was inscribed by Lao Zhaoguang, a Qing Guangxu jinshi. Lao Zhaoguang, a native of Heshan, Guangdong, was a scholar of the 15th year of the Qing Dynasty (1889), and successively served as a scholar in Guangxi, Guizhou, and the prefect of Luzhou, Anhui, and so on, and was an official to Sipin. His calligraphy was quite famous at that time, and he was good at the four styles of calligraphy, namely, 楷, xing, and cao, and used pen knots to form the physical appearance and pen characteristics of the Wang, Ou, Su, and Zhao families, which appeared rich and dignified, and fluent and elegant, completely getting rid of the style of writing in the pavilion style.
Yushan Xugong Ancestral Hall. Built to commemorate Xu Yushan, the fifteenth ancestor of the Xu clan, it was built in the nineteenth year of the Qing Dynasty (1893), and the door "Yushan Xu Gong Ancestral Hall" was inscribed by Xu Qi, an emissary of Guangdong Supervision. Xu Qi, known as Hua Nong, Zhejiang Renheren, QingGuang Xuan Liu Gengchen Branch (1880) Jinshi, taught Hanlin editing. In the seventeenth year of Guangxu (1891), he served as an envoy to Guangdong, returned to Beijing after three years of service, and became an official to the Cabinet University, the Right Attendant of the Military Department, and the South Study. He was a disciple of the famous Scholar Yu Fan of the Qing Dynasty, and was good at calligraphy and painting. He is the author of "The Collection of Cantonese", "The Record of Victory in Eastern Guangdong", "The Chronicle of Lingnan Facts" and so on.
○Developed craftsmen draw auspicious patterns. The ancestral hall is the spiritual home of the clan, condensing the family's financial resources and wisdom, and its decoration is widely used in wood carving, brick carving, stone carving, gray sculpture, ceramic sculpture, mural, cast iron and other architectural decoration processes, embedded in beam frames, heads, finches, heads, cornices, roof ridges and other components, making the entire ancestral hall magnificent and dazzling. The themes are mainly based on myths and legends, folk tales, auspicious patterns, etc., including the rise of the four seas, the prosperity of the family, the fulu shou examination, the promotion of officials and fortunes, the continuation of descendants, etc., reflecting the strong yearning and ardent pursuit of the clan for the peaceful and prosperous world, a beautiful society, a happy life, and a happy family. In order to highlight the artistic accomplishment and family origin of the clan, some famous and prestigious families paid great attention to artistic taste and paid attention to the standard of craftsmen when building ancestral halls, and they must invite famous craftsmen at that time to make them.
Taking the murals as an example, the ancestral halls of Sanhua Village were basically painted with lime water during the Cultural Revolution, and only some of the murals were restored to their original appearance after being washed during maintenance, and most of them were still unrecognizable. Judging from these murals, most of them are signed "Wang Xuefang".
After investigation, Wang Xuefang, also known as half-idiot, half-idiot, half-fool, etc., is a well-known painter in the Pearl River Delta, and many of his mural works have been preserved in Guangzhou, Huizhou, and Sanshui, and Huadu's Sanhua Village, Tian Mei Village, Tianxin Village, Qishan Village, Tieshan Village, Longkou Village, and Hetang Village have all asked Wang Xuefang to make mural works. Sanhua Village's Cihua Xugong Ancestral Hall, Nanshan Academy, Mo Ling Xu Gong Ancestral Hall, Xu Dafu Ancestral Hall and other ancestral hall murals are painted by Wang Xuefang, from the composition, pen, color, etc. are the most exquisite, from the restoration of the situation, more than 100 years are still colorful, lasting.
The ancestral hall is a distinctive symbol of Lingnan culture and an important cultural resource in the local area. The ancestral hall, like a textbook of no grade, tells people a beautiful historical story and presents a long scroll of historical paintings to show the breadth and profundity of Chinese folk culture.