From July 16 to July 31, 2021, Fuzhou will usher in the 44th World Heritage Conference, which is not only a national event, but also a good opportunity for Fuzhou to enhance the popularity of historical and cultural cities and protect and utilize the resources of celebrities' former residences. Relying on the thick history and culture of the thousand-year-old Fujian capital, this will make the brand of Fuzhou Historical and Cultural City thicker and more charming. At the same time, the Propaganda Department of the Fuzhou Municipal Party Committee specially launched a series of reports on "Welcoming the World Heritage Conference and Entering the Culture of Mindu", inviting 10 local experts and scholars in Fuzhou to tell the story of Fuzhou and pass on the culture of Mindu. The ninth article is launched today, inviting you to explore the connotation of Fuzhou Ancient House together.
"Explore the connotation of the ancient house and tell the story of Rongcheng"
Author: Zhang Zhenyu
The historical and cultural city is the domain of ancient political, economic, cultural, scientific and technological, art, religious, architectural and other cultural relics and monuments, and is the place where ancient material culture and spiritual culture are gathered. Fuzhou is a national historical and cultural city. With the development of the times, she has bred generations of Fuzhou celebrities, and her profound cultural heritage has become increasingly prominent. On the stage of history, many celebrities from Fuzhou have composed magnificent chapters that can be sung and wept, and have constructed one beautiful landscape after another. As one of the important connotations of a famous historical and cultural city, the former residence of a celebrity is an important witness to the historical development of a city. Under the conditions of the new period, how to better develop and make good use of the resources of celebrities' former residences and make them a unique theme of patriotism education bases is an important topic worthy of in-depth discussion and study.
1. Repair the former residences of celebrities and sort out the memories of Rongcheng
The status and role of historical celebrities in a city, especially in a famous historical and cultural city, is self-evident, and celebrities and famous cities are closely related. When the State Council announced Fuzhou as a national historical and cultural city, it wrote: "Fuzhou City is located in the eastern part of Fujian Province, in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River. The Qin and Han dynasties set up Minzhong Commandery ( Minzhong County ) , which has since been the political center of Fujian , and was used as a temporary Kyoto twice at the end of the Song Dynasty and the end of the Ming Dynasty. Fuzhou had overseas trade in the Han Dynasty, the Song Dynasty was the center of the national shipbuilding industry, and in modern times it was one of the "five ports of trade" ports. The city began in yecheng in the Han Dynasty. The Expansion of the Jin, Tang, Five Dynasties, and Song Dynasties several times laid the current pattern of three mountains standing tall and two towers facing each other in the urban area. The cultural relics and monuments in the urban area include the main hall of Hualin Temple in the Song Dynasty, Chongfu Temple, Wuta, White Pagoda, Qi Gong Ancestral Hall, Kaiyuan Temple, etc., and there are Yongquan Temple and historical cliff stone carvings in The suburban Drum Mountain, as well as the tomb of Wang Zhenzhi, Lin Zexu Ancestral Hall and Tomb, Lin Xiangqian Cemetery, etc. There are a large number of Ming and Qing houses preserved in the three lanes and seven lanes of the city. It can be seen that the former residence of celebrities is one of the important connotations of Fuzhou, a national historical and cultural city. More than 2200 years of historical vicissitudes, accumulated extremely rich historical and cultural heritage and excellent historical relics and buildings, with the passage of time, the vicissitudes of the years, wind and rain erosion, coupled with Fuzhou located in the south of Fuzhou, the strata are wet, termites are numerous, most of the wooden buildings are difficult to maintain for a long time, and with the urban construction and "old city transformation", most of the former residences of celebrities have been destroyed to a certain extent, but under the care and attention of leaders at all levels, under the supervision and appeal of the inspection and inspection of the People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Under the hard work of cultural relics workers, it has been preserved and properly protected and managed. The traces of many celebrities have been deeply embedded in the picture of Fuzhou's history. For example, the famous Tang scholar Huang Pu, the Song theorist Chen Xiang, the Guozi Supervisor Zheng Mu, the Emperor Lizong of Song' Imperial Pen Personally Ordered Zheng Sexzhi, the County Shou Lu Yun, the Guanglu Qing Cheng Shi Meng, the Yuanxing Provincial Governor Jia Ne, the Ming Dynasty Jinshi and the First Yushi Lin Tingyu, the Anti-WuMing General Zhang Jing and Shi Lang Saqi, the Qing Dynasty prefect Lin Wenying, the Pungyan Lin Zhichun, the Inspector Li Fu, Liang Zhangju, Guo Baiyin, the Minister of Shipping Shen Baozhen, the Yongzheng Period Wu Jinshi - Fujian Land Admiral Gan Guobao, the chief of the Guangxu Academy —— Professor Chen Yan of Beijing Normal University (now Peking University), Lin Congyi (Lin Zexu's second son), modern Enlightenment thinker Yan Fu, and the martyr Lin Juemin of Huanghuagang... These famous people in Fuzhou's history either comforted the people and benefited the Qiankun Society; or wrote books and lectures to add color and brilliance to the Civilization of Fujian and Vietnam; or founded schools that paid attention to the exchange of Fujian, Han, and Western studies, and promoted the prosperity and development of the ancient city. For these rich resources of celebrities' former residences, Fuzhou City adopts various forms to protect and manage them, and the former residences of celebrities that meet the historical, artistic and scientific values are announced by the government as cultural relics protection units, and some former residences of celebrities with commemorative significance but do not meet the standards of cultural protection units are listed for protection in the name of the government.
At the same time, Fuzhou has invested a lot of money to repair the former residences of a number of celebrities, such as the former residences of Lin Juemin, Deng Tuo, Lin Zexu, Yan Fu, Wei Jie, Gao Shiqi, and Lin Shu. The restoration of these former residences has become a valuable asset and unique landscape of Fuzhou, allowing audiences everywhere to truly feel the style of Fuzhou, as well as her role and due status in the history of Fuzhou and even China. It has greatly enriched and enriched the connotation of Fuzhou, a famous historical and cultural city, aroused the admiration of the people of Rongcheng for the sages and heroes of Fuzhou, effectively combined the improvement of urban modernization with the protection of famous historical and cultural cities, and integrated the memories of the people of Rongcheng.
Second, protect the former residences of celebrities and continue the notes of Rongcheng culture
Culture, as a reflection of social existence, is often a reflection of the interests and needs of a particular class in different societies. Identifying with the culture of a place must first identify with its history and affirm its existence, and cultural relics are the best evidence of the historical and cultural spirit, so the former residence of celebrities, as an important part of a local culture and a witness to the development of urban culture and history, is undoubtedly a note of continuing a city culture.
(1) The former residence of celebrities is a witness to the development of Fuzhou's history and culture
The former residences of celebrities distributed in the land of Rongcheng are witnesses to the development of Fuzhou's history and culture. The former residence is the place where the owner has lived and worked, and the former residence can reflect the struggle process of the master's life from one side, which is the epitome of his lifelong struggle. Therefore, if the history and culture of Rongcheng is compared to a continuous historical hymn, then the former residence is a note of the praise song of Rongcheng history and culture, and many syllables will inevitably form a complete song of Rongcheng history and culture, so that it can be sung continuously and continuously. For example, the king of Minyue was not in the fifth year of Han Gaozu (202 BC), Jianye City, and the precedent of the history of the founding of Fuzhou, so the history of the Han Dynasty in Fuzhou was inseparable from him. When you see the Temple of king Zhongyi, you must think of the King of Min, who advocates "protecting the border and the people", "xing si men learning", and "preferring to open the door and be a festival ambassador than a closed door heavenly son". Advocating the citizens of Fuzhou to plant banyan trees widely, so that Fuzhou 's "green shade fills the city, the office does not cover" of the Taishou Zhang Boyu, the anti-Jin national hero Li Gang, the Guanglu Qing knows Fuzhou Fuzhou Cheng Shimeng and other celebrities, constitute the connotation of Fuzhou Song Dynasty humanities gathering, coastal Zou Lu. Qi Jiguang, The General of the Anti-Wu Dynasty, Weng Zhengchun of the Rebbe, Ye Xianggao, Minister of Shipping, Shen Baozhen, Minister of Shipping, Shen Shao'an, the originator of lacquerware, Yan Fu, the Enlightened Thinker, Chen Ruolin, Shangshu of the Punishment Department, "The Harsh Life and Death of the Country, It Is Better to Avoid Misfortune and Happiness", National Hero Lin Zexu, Lin Juemin, who mourned his beloved wife, splashed yellow flowers with blood, and was generous and righteous, Gao Shiqi, a pioneer of China's science popularization cause, a famous biologist, and a disabled Gao Shiqi, an outstanding journalist, an outstanding historian and poet, Deng Tuo... And so on, they all wrote magnificent poems for the history of Fuzhou in their respective fields. Therefore, if there is no celebrity's former residence in Fuzhou's history and culture, it must be a regrettable culture and an incomplete culture, and only by truly protecting the former residences of celebrities and rationally excavating them can we truly achieve the note of continuing the Rongcheng culture.
(2) The former residence of celebrities is an important language symbol of Fuzhou's architectural culture
As a celebrity's former residence, in addition to being directly related to the life of the owner, it is also a witness to ancient architectural science and technology. Most of the former residences of Fuzhou celebrities are ancient buildings, its unique layout structure, and the saddle wall of the wall, the mud sculpture painting of the wall head and the angle of the wall, forming the unique wall style of fuzhou ancient residences, its scale, shape, components, exquisite stone carvings, woodcuts, all have the architectural language of Fuzhou, so many Fuzhou celebrity former residences can be called a natural "ancient architecture museum" and "ancient architectural treasure house". From the perspective of components: art in components is a fine tradition of Fuzhou's construction industry. "The hump on the milk, the flower pots between the fang and the beam, the clouds, the hanging columns, the finches, the bucket arches, etc. were originally supporting components, but they were processed and engraved into various artistic images by the craftsmen. Coupled with the unique granite resources of Fuzhou and exquisite masonry skills, the dragon pillar, stone lion, pillar foundation, Sumiya seat, etc. are more colorful and colorful with their artistic shapes. "Its art deco components are also very characteristic of local architecture." The tails and kissing animals on the roof ridges, and the clay sculptures and ornaments on the walls are all based on local terroir figures and folk tales and legends. The beams, cornices, walls, algae wells, and tuanqiao of the temple are carefully depicted, carved, and colored with Fuzhou special lacquer, which is colorful. In particular, the leaky flowers in the doors and windows are arranged with bone lattice and mortise, with a variety of patterns and a strong local atmosphere. Take the former residence of Shen Baozhen at No. 11 Gong Lane, South Street, as an example. The wooden building is composed of four wind and fire walls, consisting of three courtyards, a column of upside-down buildings, and three flower halls in the courtyard, with a strict layout and rich decoration, showing the architectural characteristics of the ancient gentry and eunuch residences in Fuzhou. Its wall angle has colorful clay statues, flowers and birds, fish and insects, still life, commonly known as wall flower, which reflects the characteristics of traditional wall sculpture techniques in Fuzhou in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Therefore, the former residence of Fuzhou celebrities has brought design inspiration and creative source to many architecture and design experts, from which people can truly feel that it contains rich architectural cultural connotations, worthy of "the history of physical objects" and "the history of stones".
Third, rationally use the former residence and give play to the unique role of patriotic education
(1) Fully excavate the connotation of celebrities' former residences themselves
Most of the former residences of celebrities are ancient buildings, and these open-air architectural relics are themselves rare special displays, and they are also a "three-dimensional textbook" with profound connotation and vivid image. Therefore, its education content is clear and has a unique advantage. When we rationally use our former residences, we must strictly follow the policy of "protection first, rescue first, rational utilization, and strengthening management" stipulated in the "Cultural Relics Protection Law". Do a good job in the maintenance and display of the former residence, return the original appearance of the former residence, even when the former residence is changed into a memorial hall, it must be restored as it is, and its original appearance should not be changed. In this regard, Zhang Wenbin, former director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, has his incisive exposition: "When the memorial hall is built, it is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between the original site of the protection of the historical site and the newly built exhibition venue, and we must put the protection of the historical features of the original site and the surrounding environment in an important position in the construction of the venue." The construction plan of the venue should focus on reflecting the historical scene of the original site, and the service is subordinated to the truth and reproduction of history, so as to avoid damage to the original site and its surrounding environment. "Compared with the original site, the new hall is auxiliary and complementary. Therefore, we must not dominate the situation, let alone wander away from the historical style and connotation of the original site. "Each memorial hall must grasp its own unique historical and cultural connotations, so that the audience can get unique ideological education and spiritual enlightenment from each venue." Therefore, we attach importance to the former residence itself, study it, enrich it, and carry forward its historical connotation. Even if it is a ruined wall, in the same environment of the building it should be the main body of history. Therefore, excavating the connotation of celebrity former residences is the basis for rationally utilizing the resources of celebrity former residences.
(2) Elaborately designed and reproduced the original appearance of celebrities' former residences
The display of celebrity homes is very different from that of ordinary museums. General history museum display, mostly with cultural relics as the main body, pictures, tables, photos and other auxiliary, appropriate restoration of some representative scenes, in order to achieve cultural relics to speak, many exquisite display exhibits, often are a certain period, a certain type of artifact representatives, reflecting the unique culture in a specific period, the shock caused to the audience is huge. Therefore, it is mainly through the exhibition of cultural relics to reveal the connotation of the theme of the exhibition, and the display of the former residence of celebrities is mainly to highlight the life display of the owner of the former residence, so most of them adopt the scene restoration display method to extract things related to the owner of the former residence or related to the age of the owner of the former residence. For example, living utensils, calligraphy and paintings donated by relatives and friends and other souvenirs constitute life scenes to increase the atmosphere of the owner's life, so that the audience feels more intimate and natural when visiting, so its display is mainly through "restoring the typical life scene of the owner before his death and systematically narrating the life of the owner to reveal the historical and cultural significance of the former residence". For example, in the repair and display restoration of Lin Juemin's former residence, we strictly follow Lin Juemin's record in the "Letter to His Wife": "The house of the South Back Street, the entrance through the corridor, through the front and back halls, and there are small halls at three or four folds, and a room next to the hall, which is the place where I and Ru live... Around the winter's day and night, the moon shadow outside the window is sparsely hidden, and I and Ru work hand in hand, low and low, what is not to say, why not complain? "The situation, restored, reproduced its original historical appearance, so that the audience can touch its owner here when remembering the ancestors and martyrs, and personally embody his life." In this way, the atmosphere of the former residence environment that is presented in front of the audience is immersive, full of remembrance and admiration, and the sense of patriotic education is born spontaneously.
(3) Adopt a unique way of explaining, and explain the connotation of celebrities' former residences in a lively and thorough manner
Because most of the former residences of celebrities are displayed and displayed on the original site by using ancient buildings, limited by their own conditions, their specific venues are often impossible to display all the items one by one, so they can only rely on their own advantages, exert their own potential, and use unique explanation methods to interpret the connotation of the former residence. The audience that visits the former residence can be roughly divided into several types: experts, students, foreign guests, general audiences, because the audience is educated differently, so to understand the content of the former residence of celebrities is not the same, and as the display of the former residence, its explanation is to focus on the former residence and the owner of the relevant content, so for different objects, different cultural levels, it is best to take different interpretation content standards, different interpretation methods, or easy to understand, or in-depth and simple, find the entry point of the interpretation object. For example, in the explanation of Lin Juemin's former residence, we should try to tell them as much as possible about the social historical facts such as the Xinhai Revolution, before and after the Guangzhou Uprising and the Restoration of Fuzhou, when the martyrs threw their heads in the sand, spilled their blood, went to the soup and the fire, and the green blood and yellow Huagang; for example, taking the audience's visit to the exhibition of Lin Zexu's life and historical relics as an example, we should take different emphasis and depth of the explanation of objects at different levels. Young people and old people have places worth learning and admiring. In this way, when explaining to primary school students, they focused on explaining the stories of Lin Zexu's assiduous and diligent study, so that they would be educated and inspired; to the college students, they mainly highlighted Lin Zexu's lifelong course and other deeds, and particularly emphasized his feat of selling cigarettes in Humen and its impact, so as to deepen their understanding of the formation of Lin Zexu's patriotic thought; for some old revolutionary comrades, they mainly focused on explaining Lin Zexu's bumpy career in life, and on the way to being degraded and ili, he still chanted "harshly benefiting the life and death of the country." "This poem of worrying about the country and the people, and the broad feelings of the liver and courage, embodies the eternal theme of the eternal survival of patriotic ideas. In this way, different interpretation methods are adopted according to different objects, which are both principled, flexible and targeted, with the main and the secondary, and the detailed and strategic, so as to achieve a good educational effect.
Taking people as a mirror can clearly understand gains and losses; taking history as a mirror can know the rise and fall. As an important resource for understanding the historical and cultural city of Fuzhou, the former residence of Fuzhou celebrities provides the people of Fuzhou with a "three-dimensional textbook" full of patriotic spirit, from which people can appreciate the style of the owner of the former residence, so as to receive vivid and profound education and enlightenment, and then arouse the general public to "better and more consciously know my Fuzhou, love my Fuzhou, and build my Fuzhou." Only in this way can we be worthy of our ancestors and worthy of those who come. ”
Source: Straits Network