The "Battle of julu" is a famous classic battle in Chinese history in which less is won more, but many people mistakenly believe that Xiang Yu annihilated the main force of the Qin state in this war, giving Liu Bang the opportunity to take the lead in entering the pass. But this is not the case in history--although Xiang Yu won the Battle of Julu, he only eliminated part of the Qin Dynasty's army and never clashed head-on with the real main force, Zhang Handan's troops. But the result was that Zhang Handan led nearly 300,000 troops to surrender to Xiang Yu! Why is that? Guo Shijun (Guo Shi Jun) believes that Zhang Handan's surrender is a typical setback in external combat, and the internal leaders are jealous, and although he has heavy troops, he is really cornered.
<h1>Xiang Yu did not engage in a large-scale confrontation with Zhang Handan's main forces</h1>
In the previous article, Guo Shijun (Guo Shi Tong) said that Zhang Handan, at a time of crisis in the Qin state (Zhou Wen had already led hundreds of thousands of troops to Xishui and threatened Xianyang) persuaded Qin II to release 700,000 prisoners from Lishan and let them take up arms to resist the rebel army. Under the leadership of the regular army of the Qin state, this new batch of Qin troops soon achieved major victories - Zhang Handan defeated the troops of Zhou Wen and Xiang Liang successively, creating a situation in which "the Chu soldiers were not enough to worry about".
Subsequently, Zhang Handan, Wang Li, Shijian and others went north to rescue Zhao, forming a siege of Julu City, so that Chen Yu, who led tens of thousands of troops stationed in the north of Julu City, did not dare to send troops to rescue. Under these circumstances, the young Xiang Yu, who had just taken command of the Chu army, won the battle of julu with the courage to break the ship and sink the boat.
However, Xiang Yu's victory was partial, and he achieved the record of "killing Su Jiao, leaving the king, not descending into Chu, and burning himself", which dealt a heavy blow to the morale of the Qin army, but failed to fight the main force of the Qin army led by Zhang Handan. Therefore, after the Battle of Julu, "Zhang Handan's army was thorny, and Xiang Yu's army was Zhangnan, and they did not fight each other."
At this time, Zhang Handan still occupied an absolute advantage in the number of troops and geographical location, and although Xiang Yu was "a powerful and powerful Chu state, a well-known prince", and won many victories in the subsequent wars, he did not pose a substantial threat to Zhang Handan. If Zhang Handan and Xiang Yu really held a decisive battle at this time, their victory or defeat could not be asserted.
<h1>Zhang Handan, who had the advantage, took the initiative to negotiate peace with Xiang Yu</h1>
At this moment, "the second made people let Zhang Handan", Zhang Handan felt pressure, but wanted to stick to his strategy - at this time, the Qin army had a Yongdao to ensure the supply of grain and grass, while Xiang Yu was alone and deep, and supply was his biggest problem. Therefore, Zhang Handan sent the commander Shi Xin to Xianyang to report the situation to Qin II, but was blocked by Zhao Gao. This made Zhang Handan feel that he had lost the trust of the Qin Dynasty, and both the internal Chang Shi xin and the external Chen Yu began to persuade Zhang Handan to surrender:
If you can win this battle, Gao Bi will be jealous of my merits; if you can't win the battle, you won't be spared death--General Chang Shi Xinfu lived outside for a long time, but he was on the inside, and he was also cursed for his merits, and he was also cursed for his lack of merit... Why didn't the general return the army and follow the princes, and attack Qin together, divide the king's land, and call it lonely in the south; this one is the hostage of the body, and the wife is a puppet? ——Chen Yu
These words all came to Zhang Handan's heart--at this time, there was really no chance to give Qin Guo a chance to sell his life!
Therefore, Zhang Handan twice offered to make peace with Xiang Yu's troops:
Zhang Handan was suspicious, and Yin made Xiang Yu and wanted to make a covenant. Zhang Handan made people see Xiang Yu and wanted to make an appointment.
At this time, Xiang Yu finally agreed to the peace agreement because of the lack of grain and grass, and the two sides finally met in the "Huanshui South Yin Void", and Zhang Handan was no longer Xiang Yu's enemy, but turned against each other, "Chang Shi Xin was a general, and the Qin army was forward". In order to fulfill the terms of the peace agreement, Xiang Yu, who had not yet been crowned as the prince of the princes at this time, "established Zhang Handan as the Yong King, and placed him in the Chu army". Zhang Handan's conditional surrender greatly dealt a blow to the living forces of the Qin state, expanded the strength of the rebel army, and greatly promoted the progress of the war against Qin.
Therefore, Zhang Handan's surrender was not because Xiang Yu had achieved brilliant results in the Battle of Julu, nor was it because Zhang Handan's military strength was obviously weaker than Xiang Yu's, the real reason for his surrender was that the Qin Dynasty at this time was no longer worthy of his allegiance. Secondly, Zhang Handan's surrender was conditional, which was also an important reason why Zhang Handan had a vendetta against Xiang Yu for killing his uncle, and Xiang Yu not only did not report it, but also made Zhang Handan the king.