On the surface, it was a struggle between the national strength of the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, but in fact it was a political game between the emperor of the Jin Dynasty and the nobles in the dynasty.
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On October 15, 1161, King Jin Hailing finished Yan Liangxing's army of 600,000 and went south to destroy the Song Dynasty. The Jin army briefly approached Jiankang, but was defeated by the Song general Yu Yunwen at Quarry Rock, and Yan Liang was killed by his subordinates for ordering his soldiers to forcibly cross the Yangtze River to provoke a mutiny.
After the failure of this southern expedition, the Jin Dynasty abandoned its plan to unify the world and began to concentrate on the north. After Yan Liang fell for the Song Dynasty, he lost his life, and this case has also become a negative example of the monarch's good and great achievements in later generations.
Historically, there are many examples of overextended defeats such as Guanyanliang. The Sui Emperor did not sympathize with the people's strength, and three expeditions to Goguryeo were fruitless, tossing the Sui Dynasty in its heyday to pieces; Louis XV fought against Britain and its ally Prussia in the Seven Years' War in order to compete with Britain for hegemony, and the domestic economy was dragged down by the war, and France was completely left behind by Britain.
In fact, the completion of Yan Liangfa in the early song dynasty can be described as a smooth sailing. The Jin army took lianghuai without bloodshed and approached Jiankang, and the Southern Song Dynasty was already ready to flee south.
However, at this time, the younger brother Wanyan Yong sent by Guanyanliang to stay in Tokyo suddenly rebelled and established himself as emperor (Kim Sejong). His subordinates suggested that Yan Liang take advantage of the lack of rebel soldiers and horses to negotiate peace with the Southern Song Dynasty and go north to quell the rebellion, but he insisted on continuing to cross the river and fight the Song Dynasty, and finally lost the land.
Like Emperor Taizong of Tang, he killed his elder brother (Jin Xizong) to ascend to the throne, so he was eager to make a difference to wash away his black history. He admired the Former Qin Emperor Jian Jian, saying that he would also rise up like him and march south, "throwing a whip to break the stream", and also threatened in the poem that "raise troops on the West Lake of a million, and immediately the first peak of Wushan Mountain". What made Yan Liang still concentrate on destroying Song in the case of a fire in the backyard?
One theory is that Yan Liang was too good to be happy and did not like to accept advice, so he made such a stupid decision.
Like Emperor Taizong of Tang, he killed his elder brother (Jin Xizong) to ascend to the throne, so he was eager to make a difference to wash away his black history. He admired the Former Qin Emperor Jian Jian, saying that he would also rise up like him and march south, "throwing a whip to break the stream", and also threatened in the poem that "raise troops on the West Lake of a million, and immediately the first peak of Wushan Mountain".
However, Yan Liang did not have the tolerance of Li Shimin, and he hated others to advise him. At that time, the Jin Dynasty had just been established for fifty years, and there were still a large number of Khitans and Han Chinese who were unwilling to submit to the territory, so it was generally believed that the time for cutting down the Song Dynasty was not yet mature. The empress dowager Advised him not to raise an army, and Yan Liang secretly murdered the empress dowager and more than a dozen palace ladies who were serving her, and all the bones were thrown into the pool of the palace.
From this point of view, the mistake of Yan Liang's insistence on destroying the Song can be interpreted as the rigidity of a tyrant.
But on the other hand, some of his measures in the early days of the Song Dynasty seem to have nothing to do with fainting and violent.
When the Jin Dynasty attacked the Song Dynasty in the past, it was mostly a robber mentality, focusing on plundering wealth rather than capturing cities. Yan Liang paid special attention to appeasing the people's hearts, the Jin army used to distribute the occupied fields to the tribal nobles, but he strictly forbade his subordinates to rob the Property of the Song people, and treated the Song people who surrendered to the Jin Dynasty kindly, asking them to advise them. Later, when the Jin army crossed the Huai River, the local people even gathered on the opposite bank to watch, and had no intention of escaping or resisting.
For The Perfect Face, who knows the way of gentleness, we obviously can't just see him as an incompetent fool.
In fact, for Guan Yanliang, continuing to attack the Song Dynasty may have been a better choice than counterinsurgency. Although the rebellious Yan Yong lacked major generals, he unexpectedly received a general response from the Jin dynasty and the opposition. After learning of the Tokyo Incident, yan liang's soldiers defected every day, and it was a fool's dream to go north with such an army to suppress the rebellion. After Yan Liang captured Lianghuai, he reused the local Han people, apparently with the idea of using the power of the Southern Song Dynasty to counterattack the north.
But why did the officers and soldiers of the Jin Dynasty run to support the traitors?
Judging from the historical records, this may be an old-fashioned story of gaining more help and losing the way.
The "History of Jin" sealed Yan Liang as the world's first "Dao Lord", even more faint than Gao Yang, the Emperor of Northern Qi, and Yang Guang, the Emperor of Sui Dynasty.
He was extremely ferocious, and after his brother seized the throne, he killed more than seventy direct descendants of Jin Taizu who might threaten his throne. After Yan Yong helped him usurp the throne, he actually kidnapped his brother's wife in turn, intending to commit misconduct and force the other party to commit suicide. This has also become an important reason for yan yong's rebellion in the future.
In contrast, Guan Yan Yong was known as "Xiao Yao Shun" at that time. He was well known when he was crowned king of Ge, and after taking the throne, he controlled the military and rested with the people, making the Jin Dynasty prosperous. Even Zhu Xi, a contemporary of the Southern Song Dynasty, often heard people praise that Yan Yong was the benevolent prince of Depi Yao Shun. p
But the portrayal of Yan Liang's image in the history books is actually very suspicious.
The most criticized thing about Yan Liang is that one is killing, the other is absurdity, and the "History of Jin" says that Yan Liang built a palace with gold worth 120 million taels, "gold chips fly like snow", but this was simply impossible under the conditions of the national strength of the Jin State at that time. Later, Jia Qianyi once satirized the historians of the Sejong Dynasty, and those who spoke to Yan Liang had to be killed, and those who poured dirty water on him could fly Yellow Tengda.
If Yan Liang's black material is deliberately magnified by the history books, what is the real reason why he encountered many rebellions and separations?
The answer lies in his various manifestations of tenderness on the way to the Song Dynasty. The reason why the Jin dynasty and the opposition collectively sided with him was precisely because he promoted Sinicization and intended to shift the center of gravity of the Jin dynasty's rule south to weaken the power of the Jurchen nobility.
The Jin Dynasty was an extremely loose dynasty, the emperor had limited real power, and the real power class of the dynasty was actually "Meng'an Muke".
The Maung Anmuk was a legion commanded by nobles, and most of the wealth and land gained during the war would flow into their hands. This led to the power of the Jin Dynasty's military nobles, even surpassing that of the emperor. Jin Xizong, who was killed by Yan Liang, controlled the four branches handed down by Taizu, and the chancellor Completed Yan Zongxian had eight branches. These military aristocrats forcibly occupied land in peacetime, and only needed to pay one-fortieth of the land endowment, stirring up the local order of the Jin Dynasty.
In order to weaken the power of Meng'an Moke, Yan Liang reused the Khitan and Han Chinese, and also moved a large number of Meng'an Moke out of the core ruling area in the north of the Jin Dynasty. Before the Song Dynasty, he moved all 420,000 Meng An Muke in the north to the south, burned all the temples and palaces of Emperor Zhongzong in Shangjing, and moved to Kaifeng, the old capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, with the intention of transforming the tribal dynasty controlled by the Jurchen nobles into a unified empire ruled by the monarch Qian gang.
This touched the fundamental interests of the nobility, so the Jurchen nobles represented by Guanyan Yong overthrew his rule and scandalized it. The image of Yan Liang has been vilified step by step in later generations, which is a typical example of "layered history" (for details, see Law 1 - "Layered Theory": Ancient History Dissemination and Information Processing). Therefore, people regard this War of cutting down the Song Dynasty as a simple wrong decision, and ignore the political struggle between the Emperor of the Jin Dynasty and the nobility behind it, which is actually the law of "zero-sum game" at work.
Evaluation of the past
I heard that Hailing was killed, and Emperor Sejong was erected. Dading thirty years, forbidden to storm the sea tomb sting evil people to get the Beauty. Shi Guan revised the record, falsely accused him of being obscene, vicious, and vicious, and leaving an infinite stink, from this point of view, can you believe in It?
——Yuan Haoqing "Zhongzhou Collection"
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