In order to effectively do a good job in the prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests in corn in 2021, accelerate the promotion and application of green prevention and control technology products, continue to promote pesticide reduction, and help the green and high-quality development of agriculture, the Jilin Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station has researched and formulated the "2021 Corn Major Disease and Pest Prevention and Control Technology Plan".
The "Plan" pointed out that according to the forecast, the overall occurrence of corn diseases and insect pests in the province in 2021 will be moderate to mild. Mainly corn borer, armyworm, underground pest, aphid, double-spotted long-tarsal firefly, large spot disease, silk smut disease, striped blight, it is not excluded that individual species of pests are more serious in different crops and local areas. Among them, corn borer will be locally heavily occurred in Baicheng and Songyuan in the main corn-producing areas in the west; underground pests will be locally heavily affected in Changchun, Songyuan, Baicheng and Siping; corn aphids will occur in Songyuan, Baicheng, Changchun, Siping, Jilin and other places; double-spotted long-planted fluorescent leaf beetles will occur in Songyuan, Baicheng, Changchun, Siping, Jilin and other places; large spot disease will occur more heavily in Songyuan, Tonghua, Jilin, Siping, Changchun and other places; and striated blight will occur in Tonghua, Jilin, Changchun and other places. Cotton bollworm and two-point nocturnal moth have been found in individual plots in our province in the past two years.
1. Prevention and control objectives
Focus on the prevention and control of corn borers, underground pests, armyworms, large spot diseases, corn blight and other diseases and insect pests, the overall control and disposal rate is more than 90%, the professional unified prevention and control rate is more than 43%, the overall harm loss rate of diseases and insect pests is controlled within 5%, and the use of chemical pesticides continues to be reduced.
Second, prevention and control strategies
Adhere to the principles of classification guidance, zoning policies, and joint prevention and control, supported by green prevention and control technology, highlight the integration of green prevention and control and unified prevention and control of diseases and insect pests throughout the process. Implement straw crushing and returning to the field, select disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties, implement seed treatment, disease and pest control at the seedling stage, red-eyed bee borer prevention, and integrated control technology for diseases and insects in the middle and late stages to ensure the safety of corn production.
3. Prevention and control measures
(1) Healthy cultivation technology. Straw crushing and returning to the field, eradicating stubble or clearing stubble before sowing, serious occurrence of plot disease residues leaving the field treatment, combined with deep ploughing, removal of weeds in the field, destruction of pest spawning and breeding sites, can effectively reduce the number of diseases and insect source bases; the selection of resistant varieties, reasonable dense planting, can effectively control the incidence of diseases such as maize large spot disease, blight and silk smut disease.
(2) Physicochemical inducement and control technology. There is a feathering period of adult phototropic pests, and insecticidal lamps are used to trap them. During the feathering period of adult corn borers in the overwintering generation, insecticidal lamps and sexual attractants can be placed to trap adult insects, and the prevention and control effect of large-area continuous patches is the best. Underground pests can also be booby-trapped with food traps.
(3) Natural enemies using technology. At the beginning of spawning, the red-eyed bee is released to control corn borer. 15,000-20,000 bees are released per acre, and they are released in 2 to 3 times. The release of red-eyed wasp egg extermination techniques can also be used to control cotton bollworms.
(4) Pharmaceutical prevention and treatment
1. Underground pests. It can be targeted to select agent coating or seed mix containing ingredients such as thiamethoxine, imidacloprid, chlorantraniliprobenzamide, bromocyanosamide and other ingredients.
2. Corn borer. In the young age of the heart leaf larvae, biological pesticides such as Thuringiensis and Coccidioides are preferentially used for prevention and control, and spray control can also be made of tetrachloroxamonamide, chlorhexabenzamide, methylamino avermectin benzoate and other agents.
3. Large spot disease. Before or at the beginning of the onset of maize large spot disease, at the end of the general heart leaf, spray with bacillus subtilis, jinggangmycin A, phenoxymethoxazole, pyrazole ether ester, etc., and can be sprayed again at intervals of 7-10 days depending on the incidence.
4. Corn aphids. Frequent and recurrent areas should be coated with imidacloprid, thiamethoxine and other coating agents. Maize is controlled by spraying agents such as thiamethoxine, imidacloprid, and cypermethrin before and during the first stage of maize.
5. Silk smut disease. Seed treatment agents such as phenylethicazole, pentazole, and fine acetomethyla penthenia are used to mix seeds or coat.
6. Corn blight. Seed treatment agents containing thiofuramide are selected to mix seeds or coat, peel off the leaf sheath at the base of the stem at the beginning of the disease, spray germicides such as gangamycin A, and spray again every 7-10 days according to the incidence.
7. Double-spotted long-planted fluorescent leaf beetle. During the pollination period of corn spitting, when the average single-panicle filament exceeds 5, the control is carried out, and the insecticides such as methylamino avermectin benzoate, thiamethoxine, imidacloprid, and high-efficiency cypermethrin are sprayed, focusing on spraying fruit ear filaments and other parts.
8. Two-o'clock nocturnal moth. Coating with agents containing cyanoxamide. Emergency prevention and control can be controlled by chlorhexabenz benzamide, methylamino avermectin benzoate, etc.
9. Cotton bollworm. At the young age of the larvae, they were controlled by K. thuringiensis, chlorhera benzamide, methylaminoavermectin benzoate, etc.
4. Precautions
1. Plots that have used chimney sulfuron herbicides in the season should avoid the use of organophosphorus pesticides to avoid drug damage.
2. Insecticidal lamps should be used during the peak period of insect feathering and the active period at night to maximize the protection of ecological balance.
3. Sexual pheromone booby-trap technology should be applied in a large area of continuous films, and the volatile cores of different pests should not be placed in the same trap.
4. Biological pesticides should be appropriately applied in advance to ensure the effectiveness of prevention.
5. The application should be in the early morning or evening, the amount of water should be sufficient, and the application site should be precise.
6. Pay attention to the alternating use, rotational use and safe use of pesticides to delay the occurrence of drug resistance.
Jilin Daily All Media Reporter: Yan Hongjin Editor: Zhao Shukai