Born in Germany in 1906, he moved to Austria with his parents at the age of eight.
Growing up, he worked as a vacuum cleaner salesman for a while. Zhang Pujie felt that it was estimated that he had also tossed and turned in the middle of the night, whispering in a low voice, "How can an excellent person like me still float in the sea of people for more than twenty years" and so on.
In 1932, at the age of 26, he joined the Nazi Party, became a member of the SS, and began his career.
In 1934, he was appointed head of the Nazi Dachau concentration camp. Soon he joined the Jewish Affairs Office of the Gestapo Command. He started as chief of the Jewish section of the SS and two years later was appointed chief of jewish affairs, an organization that directly hunted down Jews.
Young Eichmann
From the moment he was ordained, he became an expert on the "Zionist problem" in Nazi Germany. He played a key role in drafting and implementing the so-called "thorough solution".
He advocated "accelerated emigration" of Jews, i.e., the herding of Jews together and their mass execution in concentration camps. He was a cold-blooded animal with a policy of slaughter, and he was very active in the hunting of Jews, and he became the de facto front-line commander of the "Final Settlement Plan," the extermination of the Jewish people.
The "outcomes" of the Final Settlement Plan included the extermination of at least 5.8 million Jews, including more than 1 million children. The Jewish inhabitants of some countries, such as Estonia, were almost wiped out.
He was Adolf Eichmann, a high-ranking official in Nazi Germany.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" > "resurrection from the dead", executed war criminals appeared in Argentina</h1>
After World War II, when the "Avengers" organization, which hunted down the Nazis, learned that Eichmann had escaped from prison, it immediately included him in the "top big brother" of the "blacklist" of fugitive war criminals. Soon, the prisoner was trapped by a vengeful Jew and executed immediately.
However, just 12 years after the end of the war, one day in the late autumn of 1957, an extremely important piece of information fell into the hands of Fritz Bauer, Attorney General of the State of Hesse, federal germany. The intelligence said Adolf Eichmann was still alive somewhere in Argentina.
Bauer, a German Jew who had been persecuted by the Nazis, did not give the information to the German authorities, but instead sent a message to Israel.
Israeli personnel reported this information to Harrell, then head of the Mossad.
On 1 April 1951, the Mossad was established as Israel's national intelligence service, directly under the leadership of the Israeli Prime Minister, whose founder, Harel, received the absolute trust of then Prime Minister Ben Gurion. The agency's first task was to apprehend fugitive Nazi war criminals.
In fact, as early as the end of World War II, the Jewish pursuit of Nazi criminals began.
At that time, the officers and men of the Jewish Brigade of the British Army secretly formed a group to hunt down criminals, many of whom had been survivors of Nazi concentration camps and witnesses to the Holocaust.
Using the biblical name of "Apostle of God," they named their organization the Avengers, and soon organized an intelligence network that spread across Europe. After the establishment of the State of Israel, many of those involved in this clandestine activity became the backbone of later intelligence agencies.
The Israeli intelligence organization Mossad
The Head of the Mossad, Issei Harrell, was one of them, and although some Nazi war criminals had been imprisoned in the Nuremberg tribunals in 1946, thousands of Nazis had escaped sanctions, and the Israeli government, which represented the interests of all Jews, had an obligation to bring those who had escaped to trial.
However, this time the situation is somewhat peculiar, Adolf Eichmann has been crossed out of the list, but now he is "dead and resurrected", the situation is a bit strange.
He brought in all the files about Adolf Eichmann overnight, and while they were not detailed enough, the oral accounts of one of the people who hunted down Eichmann were important.
He wrote in the material that they had spent several weeks tracking a German who matched Eichmann's appearance, and when they confirmed it, they killed him.
Eichmann at trial
The person also stressed that during the autopsy, he saw with his own eyes the SS number under the armpit of the deceased, and that the number belonged to Eichmann. In addition, the deceased's height and weight, and even his fingerprints, matched Eichmann's, so his name was checked off the blacklist.
This is clearly contradictory to the information provided by Bauer that Eichmann is still alive in Argentina. But Harrell had a feeling that Bauer's intelligence should be true.
Harrell sent agents to Argentina to verify with intelligence provider Lothar Herman in person.
Lothar Herman was a blind Jewish elderly man living in Buenos Aires who had been imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps during the war.
Herman's intelligence stemmed from his 20-year-old daughter, who was being pursued by a German guy named Nick.
In order to make fun of women, Nick boasted that his father had been a high official in the German army, and said loudly: "In my opinion, the Germans would have been fine if they had eliminated all the Jews at that time." ”
The daughter went home and told her father about this, and that Nick never invited herself to his house to meet his parents, and that even if she wrote to Nick, she would pass it on through Nick's friends, and Herman immediately became alarmed when he heard it.
Coincidentally, Herman read in the newspaper that fritz Bauer, the prosecutor in Frankfurt, Germany, was looking for the whereabouts of SS STORMC leader Adolf Eichmann, who was said to be in Argentina. Thinking of his daughter's words, Herman was stunned.
He asked his daughter to try to find out the address of his home from Nick's friends, and then drove with her to the field to check it out. At the door of the house hangs two door numbers, "Dagut House" and "Clement House". Upon questioning, the two were just tenants on loan, and the landlord was Francescu Schmidt.
Herman intuitively thought that the landlord Schmidt was Adolf Eichmann, and wrote to Bauer. That's what came after that.
The Mossad investigators, after learning the ins and outs from Herman, decided to conduct an investigation in person with the Buenos Aires Police Department.
The result of the agent's investigation was that the house was built in 1947 by Austrian immigrant Franciscu Schmidt. From his past experience, it was impossible for Eichmann, and besides, he had never lived in a house.
The agent determined that the information provided by Herman was unreliable, and the investigation was temporarily shelved. But Harrell waited for the right moment to reopen the case.
Soon, Bauer offered Israel a new clue from a former Nazi who wanted to alleviate his guilt. New clues indicate that Eichmann lives in Buenos Aires, but under the pseudonym "Ricardo Clemente".
This excited Harrell, who had identified a tenant named Clement in the house he had identified, except that Herman had identified the landlord Schmidt as Eichmann, and it seemed that the tenant named Clement was the person they were looking for.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="92" > the crowd looking for him, and the former dignitaries have become downcast workers</h1>
Harrell again sent Mossad agents to Argentina, and the agents found a young boy who, in the name of Herman's daughter, went to Clement's house to give Nick a gift.
But the little boy soon returned to say that the Clements had moved away three weeks earlier and had not left an address.
The agent was frustrated, but Harrell was very happy. The sudden departure of the Clements proves that they have smelled an unusual smell, and why they are so keen if they are not fugitives. Harrell telegraphed agents to continue their search.
Agent Mossad brought the little waiter back and asked him to find Nick no matter what, and he was rewarded with a great reward. Persevering, the little boy finally found Nick, handed him the gift box, and wrote down the number of his motorcycle.
Mossad agents followed Nick by motorcycle license plate number to a dilapidated brick bungalow with no running water or electricity, with no paint on the walls and no fence around it. Even the door was nailed with a piece of fiberboard.
When photographs of Mrs. Clement and her son were sent to Israel, even among Mossad analysts, could not believe that the former Nazis would be so impoverished.
The man in the bungalow never showed up, but after a clever investigation, the agents had figured out that Clement was working at the Mercedes depot in Tucumán, but no one knew when he would return home, so the agents were unable to take a picture of him.
Still, Harrell was convinced that this was the Eichmann they were looking for. He asked the agents to be patient and asserted that Eichmann would return home on March 21, 1960. The Mossad agents are puzzled by this, how dare you judge so.
Who can believe that this is the handmaiden
Harrell will smile, he has found out from the file that this day is the silver wedding anniversary of the Eichmanns, although Eichmann is a murderous executioner, but he is a family lover, so he will definitely go home on this day to celebrate the silver wedding anniversary.
At dusk on March 21, the target finally appeared. Sure enough, he was holding a small bouquet of hollyhock flowers in his hand. Mossad agents took dozens of clear photographs from different angles.
The photo was sent back to Israel, and after comparison, this person was Eichmann.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="93" > the killer, and the members of the secret service show their skills</h1>
Harrell was happy and almost all-night asleep, thinking about what to do.
International extradition is a common tactic, but South America has a long tradition of providing political asylum to European outlaws. And here, too, Nazi war criminals had considerable sympathy, otherwise so many Nazi criminals would not have used it as a hiding place. At the same time, if the international extradition, it will be a bad fight.
After much deliberation, Harrell decided that a team of Mossad agents would carry out a secret abduction. After reporting to Prime Minister Ben Gurion, he suggested that Eichmann be kidnapped to Israel, and Ben Gurion immediately said: "Get him, dead or alive." He went on to add: "If possible, it is better to live." This will be a big deal for all those persecuted by Hitler. At the same time, it is also an inspiration to our young generation. (Zhang Pujie)
Immediately after receiving a definitive reply, Harrell convened a joint meeting of intelligence ministers to inform the heads of the intelligence services of the task, and he himself would be on the scene to direct the operation. The head of the national intelligence agency personally serves as the commander of a foreign operation, which is unprecedented in the history of international intelligence.
Harrell's carefully selected 12 agents, including the Mossad's best forgery document craftsman, a senior dresser and mechanical technologist, a clever and beautiful female spy, and a doctor in charge of anesthesia offenders and several strong sharpshooters.
All team members, whether in spirit of revenge or experience as a secret agent, are impeccable.
The human problem is solved, and all that remains is how to get a large living person back to Israel from 18,000 kilometers away?
EL AL does not have flights to South America, the ship takes too long, and it is too risky to dock multiple times along the way; the direct flight of a chartered aircraft is too big a target to ensure the secrecy of the operation.
I have to say that Harrell's luck is really good. Just said sleep, someone sent a pillow. At that time, Argentina was preparing for the celebration of the 150th anniversary of independence, and the leaders of the Israeli government were invited. Harrell suddenly had a bold idea in his mind, using the special plane taken by the government delegation as a plane to kidnap the country for this event.
When all was said and done, he first asked the members of the task force to go to the Argentine capital separately, and in order to avoid people's eyes, the arrival time and the hotel were different.
In early May, Harrell arrived in Argentina on a special plane from the Israeli delegation. On 8 May, members of the task force gathered at their residence, code-named "Fortress", and after discussion, it was decided to carry out the abduction at a predetermined location, scheduled for the evening of 11 May.
Harrell asked all members: Once the East Window incident occurs, they must be sure that the action is not directed by anyone. On the day of the operation, Harrell issued a final directive that if the Argentine police authorities detected that they could not be kidnapped, they would rather kill Eichmann on the spot than let him escape.
From the discovery of Eichmann to the successful kidnapping, the whole process was only ten seconds before and after, and the car door was not closed and sped away.
Eichmann was tied to an iron bed in a large house, a secret villa in Buenos Aires.
The Rangers tried to find the tattooed SS number under Eichmann's armpit, but found only one scar in that location. Eichmann explained that he had been held by the Americans for a short time after the war, when he shaved off his tattoo number with a razor. However, a small scar under his brow also provides new evidence to confirm his identity.
Eichmann seemed to have been frightened and adopted a fully cooperative attitude towards the interrogation.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="94" > was sent to trial for war criminals</h1>
After a week of scrutiny, Harrell was convinced that they had caught the real culprits. Adolf Eichmann has also obediently signed a document acknowledging it and stating that he stands ready to go to Israel for trial.
The special plane carrying the Israeli delegation is scheduled to leave the Argentine capital on 20 May. In other words, Eichmann will stay in this secret villa for another 9 days. Some members of the action team began to feel uneasy, fearing that their family or friends would report to the Argentine police after a long time.
But Harrell is confident that the family of the anonymized Eichmann will not be quiet for the time being, and he is afraid that he will cause trouble after revealing the flaws. Eichmann's Nazi friends were even less afraid to say anything, they first needed to think about their own safety. Harrell believes that the most important thing now is to prepare for Eichmann's legal departure.
According to the original plan, Eichmann would be disguised as an employee of the special plane "Elle Aure" and enter the airport in a crew car and arrive directly under the plane. As soon as you get on the plane, everything is fine.
But how to ensure that Eichmann will not jump the wall when he checks at the airport? The best thing to do is to leave him in a semi-conscious, half-coma state.
It depends on the "Mossad" doctor's brilliant plan. He quickly taught an agent to memorize the symptoms that marked concussion, compiled a set of words for him, and taught him how to pretend to be "getting better little by little" in the days that followed, and how to try to be discharged from the hospital on May 20 at the latest in order to return to Israel for a complete "recuperation." In addition, he told the hospital that he had the opportunity to return home on a special plane from the company "Elle Ole".
The agents acted well, stayed in the hospital for two days, and then as a "basically improved" patient, they were discharged with the hospital's certificate. The Mossad "expert in forgery documents" replaced the hospital discharge certificate with Clement's photograph and name, and at the same time made a fake passport for him with the official seal of the Argentine government.
Meanwhile, other panelists dressed up for Eichmann and put on an Israeli "Elle Aure Air" uniform. Before leaving, the Mossad doctor injected him with an anesthetic at just the right dose: he was almost unconscious of what was going on around him, but was able to walk on his own with the support of the two men.
In this way, they deceived the Argentine airport personnel. When a team of Argentine airport officials was running in a panic in the direction of the airstrip, the plane had already started and slid towards the take-off runway.
At 00:05 on the 21st, the special plane took off and left Buenos Aires.
At 7 a.m. on May 22, the plane landed at Lida Airport in Israel. Harrell ordered agents to take Eichmann back to headquarters for secret detention, while he drove straight to the prime minister's office.
The unsmiling Mossad director made a little joke for the first time. He smiled and said to the Prime Minister, "I have brought you a small gift. ”
Because Harrell was so tight-lipped throughout the process, even Prime Minister Ben Gurion did not know how far the operation had progressed. When he heard this joke, he could not speak for a moment, and then he hugged him tightly.
The next day, the Israeli prime minister officially announced the world-shaking news in the great halls of parliament, his voice trembling and forced to interrupt his speech because of choking.
On 11 April 1961, israeli courts indicted Adolf Eichmann. Eichmann confessed to all the crimes charged, but claimed that he was merely carrying out orders.
On December 15, an Israeli court sentenced Adolf Eichmann to death by hanging for "extermination of humanity."
On May 31, 1962, Adolf Eichmann was hanged, and on June 1 his ashes were scattered on the far open seas because the Israelites were unwilling to let this "scum" defile their homeland.
The success of the abduction of Eichmann and the glory it earned for the Israeli intelligence community undoubtedly constituted the best moment of Harrell's life. But this practice of secret kidnapping in a foreign country has always been a mixed reputation internationally.
Many people believe that Israel's practice is not in line with international law and is very "not stressful of martial virtue." However, some people believe that the fundamental purpose of dealing with criminals who oppose humanity is to bring them to justice. What do you think about that? (Zhang Pujie)