Kiwi fruit – fruit knowledge

Kiwi fruit originated in China, the Tang Dynasty has been more common cultivation, when Cen Ginseng had a poem "on the atrium well, a kiwi fruit", indicating that it has aroused the interest of poets because of its shading effect and ornamental value, and "Kaibao Materia Medica" is more described in its traits and therapeutic effect. Kiwifruit is often called "vine pear" in jiangnan, Fujian is called "yang peach", and there are many other different local names. Li Shizhen said under the interpretation entry of the Compendium of Materia Medica: "Its shape is like a pear, its color is like a peach, and the macaque likes to eat, so it has various names." ”

In recent decades, kiwifruit has become an impressive emerging berry in the world. New Zealand has the best cultivation technology, the widest planting area and the largest yield. It is said that in 1976, the country's total output was 7600 tons, and domestic and foreign sales accounted for about half, basically monopolizing the international market. It is also cultivated in other European and American countries. They were all successfully introduced and bred from China around 1900. The Jiaokeng in Huangyan County, Zhejiang Province, China, was artificially cultivated and utilized as early as more than three hundred years ago, but it has not been taken seriously for a long time, until recent years, it has become famous throughout the country.

Kiwifruit is a deciduous vine of the genus Kiwi in the family Kiwi, with shallow roots that are drought tolerant and prefer temperature and humidity. The vine is about 10 meters long, the main vine is one or several, the main vine has a side vine; the leaves are mostly heart-shaped, the edges are serrated, the leaves are dark green or dark green, the flowers are unisexual, hermaphroditic, flowering from mid-April to early May, initially milky white or pink, and then turn yellowish; the fruit matures in September and October.

Origin and variety. China's kiwifruit is distributed in the warm zone and subtropical mountains of 23 °C to 34 °C north latitude, except for Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, which have not yet been found, and other provinces and regions. The Chinese kiwifruit is the largest in the Funiu Mountains of Henan, the Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi, and the Western Mountains of Hunan, followed by Hubei, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Yunnan and Anhui.

There are more than fifty varieties of Chinese kiwifruit, and there are currently four main species for food and processing:

1. Chinese kiwifruit, generally a single weight of 30 ~ 50 grams, the largest up to 100 grams or more, oval or cylindrical, large fruit, good quality, 9 ~ 10 months ripe. It has three variants: soft hair, hard hair and spiny kiwi.

2. Soft jujube kiwifruit, generally a single weight of 3 to 5 grams, up to 13 grams, oval, dark green when ripe, with a blunt short tail-like mouth at the beginning, raw food has a spicy taste, and it becomes sweet after frost.

3. Dog jujube kiwifruit, single weight about 3 grams, oval, smooth surface, blunt head, moderate sweet and sour taste, aromatic.

4. Kudzu date kiwi, the fruit is small, about one centimeter in diameter, oval, pale orange-red when ripe.

China's kiwi fruit resources are rich, many varieties, fruit shape size, the gap is very far, the large up to more than 100 grams, the small only a few grams, the pulp of the high sugar content of up to 20%, the low only 6 to 7%, the high yield of a single plant up to more than 100 kg, low only a few. Since the mid-1950s, horticultural scientific research departments have selected excellent individual plants, cultivated new varieties, established good seed bases, and introduced wilds for artificial cultivation, and achieved some results, but have not yet formed a large number of commodity production.

In addition, Zhengzhou Pomology Research Institute, Beijing Botanical Garden, Henan Xixia County and other units have also cultivated some excellent varieties.

The Hayward variety cultivated in New Zealand has an oval fruit, an average weight of 80 to 100 grams, up to a maximum of 150 grams, and the fruit surface is hairy and slightly smooth on the sides. Delicious and resistant to storage. It is the main sales variety in the international market.

Shipping and sales. Kiwi fruit is fully developed on the vine and can be harvested at the right time. At this time, although the fruit body is hard and the fruit aroma is weak, after 6 to 10 days of ripening, the color and fragrance show signs of full ripening. So the transport should be done before it is cooked. Packaging should use air-permeable boxes and baskets, with a capacity of less than 30 pounds. When packing, overripe fruits that should not be transported far away should be strictly excluded to avoid other fruits from being affected by ripening. Shipment is quick after completion. When the goods are sold, the other sales department should wait for the maturity period to expire, and the fruit should be sold when it is fully ripe, so that consumers can taste the flavor of kiwifruit.

At present, China's kiwi fruit in the fruit market, has become a general sales trend, the business units are more, due to the improvement of packaging and transportation links, large cities have become a booming trend during the listing period. This precious specialty has received the attention it deserves in the market and enriched China's fruit market. In particular, the professional units in large cities operate as an economic industry, and are still conducting research in all aspects of resources, production, collection, packaging, transportation, storage, processing and market sales, and carry out effective operations with the combination of production and sales.

conscience

August 5, 2021