<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > technical points</h1>
(1) Key points of "rice-oil" rotation cultivation technology
1. Key points of rice cultivation technology
(1) Variety selection: Select medium-ripe varieties with high quality, high yield, stable yield and good resistance, and ensure that the harvest period is before the beginning of October, and the seed quality and germination rate are in line with GB/T3543.4. For example, Jiuxiang Sticky, MeixiangZhan No. 2, Xing'an Xiangzhan, Ganwan Indica 30 (923), Longliangyou 534, Jingliangyou 534 and other high-quality rice varieties with quality of GB/T17891.
(2) Cut grass and return to the field: according to the ripening process of the former stubble rice, soil water retention capacity and weather situation, drain the water in a timely manner, and drain the field 7-12 days before the rice harvest. The rice combine is equipped with a grass cutting and grass spraying device, and the straw is cut and sprayed evenly during rice harvest, leaving the stubble height of about 30 cm.
(3) Appropriate amount of sowing: the amount of seed used per mu of hybrid rice is 1.5-2.0 kg, the amount of conventional rice per mu is 2.5-3.5 kg of machine direct broadcast or seedling, wet seedlings are prepared according to the ratio of 1:10 to prepare enough seedling fields, throwing seedlings is prepared according to the ratio of 1:25 to prepare sufficient seedlings, and machine-planted seedlings are prepared according to the ratio of 1:80 to prepare sufficient seedlings.
(4) Field management: scientific fertilization: according to the soil fertility status and yield level to determine, in the fertility of the upper field, hybrid rice per mu of pure nitrogen 16-18 kg, conventional rice per mu of pure nitrogen 12-14 kg, fertilization ratio of basal tiller ear fertilizer ratio of 5:2:3. The amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was determined according to the high yield cultivation N: P2O5: K2O = 1: 0.3-0.5: 0.8-1 fold purity, phosphorus fertilizer was applied as a base fertilizer, potassium fertilizer was applied twice, accounting for 50% each.
Pest control: After 7 days of transplanting (throwing) planting seedlings, combined with the next tiller fertilizer, mix 22.5% benzyl butter wettable powder 80 grams per mu, retain water for 5-7 days to prevent weeds in the field.
In the early stage of pest control, the main control of base rot, dimorph borer and rice longitudinal curl leaf borer, and the middle and late stages focused on the prevention and control of blight, rice aspergillosis, rice planthopper and ear neck plague. Pay attention to the prevention and control of aspergillosis, focus on grasping the 7-10 days or 10-12 days before the opening of the panicle (judging indicators: when the main stem sword leaf and the inverted two-leaf leaf pillow are level) and the two passes 3 days before the break, and select fluconazole, benzyl propaconazole, pentanzool, oxime fat, pentazool, thifuramide, jinggangmycin and other agents, use sufficient water (30-45 kg), spray through the whole plant, scientific prevention and control, and ensure effectiveness.
(5) Timely harvesting: When more than 95% of the rice grains are yellow ripe, mechanical harvesting should be carried out, and the water should not be cut off and harvested too early, so as not to affect the fruiting rate, the weight of 1,000 grains and the quality of rice.
2. Key points of rapeseed cultivation technology
(1) Variety selection: select high-yield, high-quality and multi-resistant double-low rapeseed varieties, the quality requirements meet the NY414 standard, and the seed quality and germination rate conform to GB/T3543.4. Such as: Ganyou Miscellaneous No. 8, GanyouZa No. 9, GanyouZa No. 11, Huayou Miscellaneous No. 62, Zhongyou Miscellaneous No. 19, Sunshine 2009, Dadi 199 and other high-quality high-quality product varieties.
(2) Sowing amount: rapeseed combined seeder or oil wheat multi-function seeder can be used to complete all aspects of shallow tillage, fertilization, sowing, soil covering and trenching at one time, and the sowing amount per mu is 250-300 grams; or the no-till direct broadcast method is used, first artificial fertilization, sowing, and then trenching machine supported by a walking tractor or a large tractor, and the sowing amount per mu is 300-350 grams. The density per mu reaches more than 25,000 plants, laying the foundation for high yields.
(3) Scientific fertilization: the base fertilizer should be mixed according to 35-40 kg of compound fertilizer per mu (45% of ternary compound fertilizer), 5 kg of urea, and 0.60-0.75 kg of granular boron fertilizer; or 30-50 kg (nitrogen 25%, phosphorus 7%, potassium 8%) should be applied per mu of rapeseed slow-release special fertilizer. Depending on the seedling situation, 5-7 kg of urea per mu is applied at the seedling stage or moss stage.
(4) Integrated pest control of diseases and insect pests: within 3 days after sowing, acetochloride is selected for closed weeding; sperm quinolin is used to control monocotyledonous weeds at the seedling stage; according to the occurrence of insect pests, timely control of vegetable green insects, aphids and ape leaf insects at the seedling stage, and use low-toxicity insecticides; spraying with UAV with imidamin during the blooming period to control sclerotia.
(5) Timely machine harvesting: In the suitable harvest period (80% yellow), the UAV is dehydrated and dried with 80-100 ml of "standing oil" desiccant per mu, and the combined harvester is used for one-time harvesting after 5-7 days. Or during the suitable harvest period (when 80% yellow), the harvest is carried out in sections, that is, manual or mechanical cutting, and mechanical picking and threshing after 5-7 sunny days (more than 95% of the pods have dried).
3. Stubble selection
Rice should be harvested in early October and rapeseed before mid-May.
(2) Key points of "rice-rice-oil" rotation cultivation technology
Select excellent varieties with early ripening, high yield, cold resistance and flood resistance, strong lodging resistance and large production potential. Among them, early rice should choose early maturing or medium-maturing varieties with a growth period of about 105 days, and late rice should choose extra-early maturing varieties within 115 days. The appropriate sowing amount is determined according to the characteristics of the variety and the sowing time. Early rice conventional rice is 5.0-6.0 kg per mu, hybrid rice is sown 2.0-3.0 kg per mu, late rice conventional rice is sown at 4.0-5.0 kg per mu, and hybrid rice is sown per mu 1.5-2.0 kg. The total fertilization of direct rice is similar to that of transplanted rice. Generally, 11-12 kg of pure nitrogen, 6-7 kg of phosphorus (P2O5) and 10 kg of potassium (K2O) are applied per mu. The fertilization ratio was 5:2:3 for basal tillers. Pre-sowing preparation, field management and harvesting refer to the key points of "rice-oil" rotation rice cultivation technology.
Select rapeseed combined seeder or oil wheat multi-function seeder to complete shallow tillage, fertilization, sowing, soil covering, trenching and other links at one time. High-yielding, high-quality and multi-resistant double-low rapeseed varieties are selected, such as Sunshine 131, Ganyou No. 1, Ganyou Miscellaneous 1009 and other early maturing varieties. The amount of rapeseed per mu is 300-400 grams, and the amount of plants per mu is 30,000-40,000. The use of 40% (25-7-8) rape slow-release special fertilizer should be applied into the combined seeder machine application, it is recommended to apply 30-40 kg per mu, it is advisable to apply strong as a base fertilizer for one-time application, and no more topdressing in the later stage. Coating or seeding with "seed guards" and the like before sowing can effectively control various diseases and insects before winter without applying medicine. In the spring, the main attention is paid to the prevention and control of sclerotia. Pre-sowing preparation, field management and harvesting refer to the key points of "rice-oil" rotation rape cultivation technology.
3. Stubble arrangement
The second rice season is harvested in early November, and the rapeseed is sown as soon as possible after harvest, and the rapeseed is harvested as much as possible before the end of April.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="34" >2</h1>
This technology is suitable for contiguous paddy fields with sufficient water sources, convenient drainage and convenient mechanized operation.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="35" >3</h1>
1. When cutting grass and returning to the field, the height of rice stubble should not be less than 30cm to prevent the amount of straw spread on the ground from being too large and affecting the sowing of rapeseed seedlings.
2. It is necessary to pay attention to the collocation of rice and rapeseed varieties, reasonably arrange the stubble connection, and ensure that the harvest period of rice varieties in rice oil areas is before the beginning of October; the harvest period of rice varieties in rice and rice oil areas should be guaranteed before the beginning of November.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="36" > fourth, technical support units</h1>
1. Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Station
Source: Department of Science and Education, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jiangxi Province, reprinted only to share high-quality content, if there is infringement hope to contact to delete!