Author | Lord of Manyodo
Source | Confucius old book network dynamics
A few days ago, the sloppy version of the "History" was matched, and the desire to read suddenly surged up, especially I wanted to leave traces of my own reading on the page, and the clean collector's edition I was reluctant to take notes on it.
It is said that the Zhonghua Bookstore edition of the Twenty-Four Histories is based on the proofreading of the "Shi ji", this version is the famous historian Gu Jiegang responsible for sorting out the punctuation, has always been considered the best version of the new edition of the "Shi Ji", the Zhonghua Book Company launched a new revised version in 2014, which can be described as more perfect.
In order to read the old edition of the "History", I used the Southern Song Dynasty Huang Shanfu engraving engraving printed by the National Library Press, the Huang engraving is the earliest engraving that has been handed down to the present era, which has long been lost in China, and the photocopy of the National Map Society is actually hidden from Japan, which is a complete one hundred and thirty volumes, originally collected by Nanhua Xuanxing (1538-1604) of The Myo shinji Temple in Japan, and was not photocopied until 1996 by the Kiko Academy in Japan. There are still half of the seventy-two fragments of the Yellow Engraving in Japan, which were returned to China during the Republic of China period, and Mr. Zhang Yuanji of the Commercial Press purchased sixty-six of them, and the rest were scattered everywhere. This book was later collected into sixty-nine volumes and is now extant in the National Library of China. Mr. Zhang Yuanji's Baigu Ben "Shi Ji" should be based on this fragment of the reference to other books for revision and description, so it is said that the Bai Gong Ben "Shi Ji" is not the original appearance of Huang Shanfu in the true sense, so the original Huang Shanfu engraving photocopied by the Guotu Society undoubtedly has important academic value.
The original copy of the zhonghua bookstore's old edition of the "History" is the book engraved by the Jinling Bookstore during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, and this book is Zhang Wenhu's selection of good books based on various school books and old engravings, which is a better book in the late Qing Dynasty. Neither Zhang Wenhu nor Zhonghua Bookstore should have ever seen the original appearance of Huang Shanfu's Song carving. By comparing the old version of the "Shi Ji" and the Huang Shanfu inscription, I found that there are many differences between the two, and I feel that the correct rate of the Song version of the book is higher, while the new revised version of the "Shi Ji" was revised in 2013, but it seems that this revised version did not make much use of the yellow engraving, and some of the errors in the old version that can be surveyed through the yellow engraving still exist. I only read four pages in a day, and briefly listed a few problems found:
1. The old version is wrong, the new version is correct
Old version P4: (Japanese) < former > Shennong was born in Lixiang... New version: Yue Shennong was born in Lixiang...
Huang Shanfu was originally mistaken for "day" and "曰" here, these two glyphs are too similar, it is difficult to say that the engraving is not wrong, even in today's computer fonts these two words are easy to confuse, and the old version of the "day" as "past" of the word seems to be a little reluctant to seek far, the new version directly set as "曰", do not use "past" I think it is right.
2. The old version is wrong, and the new version is also wrong
Old version P4: "And guan Zi Yue: Xuan You was made into five soldiers by the gold of Lushan... Later in the text, there are "There are eighty-one brothers of Xuanyu, and the orc man speaks, the copper-headed iron forehead, the sand and stones, and the sword and crossbow of the standing soldiers... Huang Shanfu originally wrote "creating five soldiers", obviously "creating five soldiers" and the above "making five soldiers" are the same meaning, and "creating a standing soldier" is difficult to explain. And the new version here is also the same as "building soldiers", and the error is still the same. And in the above "pipes... Five soldiers" after the addition of a parenthesis four derivative text, making people even more incomprehensible.
In addition, in the passage that records the Yellow Emperor's conquest of Xuan You, the Jinling Ben is also very different from the Song Ben. First, let's look at the original text of JinlingBen: Regency of the Yellow Emperor,
There are eighty-one brothers of Xuan you, and the beastly human language, copper-headed iron forehead, eating sand and stones, building soldiers and swords and crossbows, threatening the world, killing the wayless, and unkind. The people wanted the Yellow Emperor to do the things of heaven, but the Yellow Emperor could not forbid Xuan You with kindness, but looked up at the heavens and sighed. Heaven sent the Xuan Daughter to give the Yellow Emperor bing to believe in the rune, subdue Xuan You, and the emperor made him the main soldier to control the eight directions. After xuanyu disappeared, the world was disturbed, and the Yellow Emperor painted the image of xuanyu to threaten the world, and the world was salty and said that xuanyou did not die, and all the eight kingdoms were obedient.
Huang Shanfu's original text: The Yellow Emperor's regent, there are eighty-one brothers of Xuan You, and the beast body and human language, copper and iron forehead, eat sand, build five soldiers to fight swords and crossbows, wei Zhen the world, kill no way, all the people command the Yellow Emperor to do the heavenly son's affairs, the Yellow Emperor can not forbid Xuan You with kindness, but look up to the sky and sigh. Heaven sent the Xuan Daughter to give the Yellow Emperor a soldier's charm, Fu Xuan You, and after the world was disturbed, the Yellow Emperor then painted the image of Xuan You to threaten the world, Xian said that Xuan You did not die, and all eight parties were destroyed.
This passage of Jinling is from the "Taiping Imperial Records" volume 79 quoted "Dragon Fish River Map" text, this text and Huang Shanfu Song Ben have many differences, the more obvious is "Ten Thousand People Qin Order" changed to "Ten Thousand People Desire Order", Zhang Wenhu Jinling originally thought that the People Qin Order was unreasonable, so it was changed to "Desire Order", but I feel that "Qin Order" is more like the harmonic sound of "Please Order", saying that the people 'desire order' still feels that it is still improper, and the people cannot say "fate" or "order", "desire order" and "qin order" to the emperor are similar, I think it is reasonable to say that the people asked the Yellow Emperor to do the heavenly deeds.
The biggest difference between the two passages is how the Yellow Emperor disposed of him after subduing Yu You, and Jinling was quoted from the "Dragon Fish River Map" according to the Taiping Imperial Records volume 79
It is said that after the Yellow Emperor captured Xuan You, he asked Xuan You to lead troops to conquer the world, and when Xuan You died, there were rebels in the world, and the Yellow Emperor took Xuan You's portrait to shock the world. That is to say, if Xuan You had changed from evil to righteousness, he was certainly not executed by the Yellow Emperor, so when he died, wouldn't it be strange for the Yellow Emperor to scare the rebels with the portrait of the deceased general?
Looking at Huang Shanfu, he simply said "Fu Xuan You", and execution is inevitable, so that the use of portraits to play a deterrent force to kill a hundred people makes sense.
Also from the "Dragon Fish River Map" Jinling Ben and Huang Shanfu Ben are presented are two completely different texts, Huang Ben did not have the plot of the descendants of Xuan You to commit crimes and meritorious deeds, Zhang Wenhu according to the "Taiping Royal Dictionary" citation believes that this text should be supplemented, but whether it is huang Ben lost the text or the "Taiping Imperial Records" added text here, intentionally tampering with history This is worth studying.
"Taiping Imperial Records" is a kind of book edited by Song Taizong's subordinate ministers, as a immediate emperor, he changed from Wuzhi to Wenzhi in the early days of the Song Dynasty, "Taiping Imperial Records" has reference significance for its administration, if the Yellow Emperor is written as a portrait of the enemy's head to intimidate other rebels, such an image will make people feel cruel, and the Yellow Emperor's disposal of Xuanyu is said to be surrendered rather than executed, which highlights the benevolent side of the Yellow Emperor, so that the image of the emperor who subdues people with virtue is a kind of expectation of song Taizong by the ministers of the Song Dynasty. In the history books written to the emperor, there are deliberate whitewashing aspects of the ministers, such as the "Zizhi Tongjian", Huang Yongnian and Mr. Xin Deyong have said that they cannot be used as a history of letters, so I think the "Taiping Imperial Records" that are also written for the emperor will also have this kind of problem.
Whether the Yellow Emperor executed Xuan You, the Classic of Mountains and Seas has the following account, the Words included here in the Jinling Ben and the Huang Shanfu Ben are exactly the same, the original text is as follows: The Yellow Emperor ordered Ying Long to attack Xuan You, and Xuan You asked the wind and rain to follow, and the wind and rain were great. The Yellow Emperor is the goddess of heaven to stop the rain. The rain stopped, so I killed you.
There are two completely different descriptions in the ancient texts, and I still believe the accounts in the Classic of Mountains and Seas and huang Shanfu, but I do not believe the text in the Taiping Imperial Records quoted by Zhang Wenhu Jinling.
3. The old version, the new version, and the Huang Shanfu version are all wrong
The old version of P1 had "Sun's Note on the Shiben" P2
"Sun's note on the "Lineage"", the later text of the "Lineage" as a mistake of the "Shiben", but the three versions here are "Shiben", which I think is a transmission error caused by the similarity of the words, otherwise it is impossible to explain what book the "Lineage" is. And the two paragraphs before and after the text are almost exactly the same content, but the title of the book is different.
4. The new and old versions are consistent, different from Huang Shanfu's original, and there are doubts.
Old version P2: "... Hence the Yellow Emperor. Feng Taishan, Zen Pavilion Pavilion, Pavilion in Muyin. The new version is the same as the old version, both pavilions. And Huang Shanfu's version of the pavilion, this paragraph is "... Hence the Yellow Emperor. Feng Taishan, Zen Pavilion, Pavilion in Muyin. "Whether it is a pavilion or a pavilion, this I still prefer Huang Shanfu Ben, as a place name, why use two of the same words This is difficult to understand." The second pavilion character is likely to be a derivative. The two words of the pavilion here are just stacked on top of each other, which may be the reason for the derivation.
The above is a simple comparison of the first four pages of the new and old editions of the Zhonghua Bookstore and the Huang Shanfu Song engraving of the differences, there are many differences, Huang Shanfu Ben also has some phenomenon of missing words, the text is by no means completely correct, but it has to be said that in the text proofreading Huang Shanfu Ben has its irreplaceable important value, whether the old version or the new revised version of the Zhonghua Bookstore does not seem to be too reliable, but it is strange that the newly revised version of the "History" does not seem to use this rare book for proofreading, whether so it is not possible , the new revised version I did not buy, thanks to the group friends to provide me with a few pages of the new version of the book shadow to let me have some understanding of the new version.
The revised version of Zhonghua Bookstore is certainly more perfect than the old version, but I don't think it means much. I think it is enough to fully read the old version with huang Shanfu ben. I have to say that the effect of Huang Shanfu's photocopy of the national map is extremely poor, which can be called a large flower face version, and my sloppy version of the "History" is really a perfect combination. The above is some of my experiences and questions about reading the "History of History", whether it is history or ancient Chinese is not my major, so even if it is wrong, there is no shame, studying historical books is as interesting for me as solving cases, looking for evidence, making comparisons, looking for the truth, the process is full of hardships, but also full of fun.