He was a teacher to Mao Zedong, Tian Han and others
Called "Mr. Forever" by Mao Zedong
He was a Chinese revolutionary and educator
Xu Teli, one of the "Five Elders of Yan'an"
In this first disclosure public
In "The Biography of Xu Teli"
Xu Teli's personal information was recorded
Photo: "Xu Teli's Short Biography" from the "Chinese Historical Research Institute Collects Rare Documents of overseas CCP"
From this rare document
You can clearly see the following
Xu Teli, a native of Changsha, Hunan, was born as an intellectual. Before he took part in revolutionary work, he made a living as a teacher and was a well-known teacher in Hunan. During the May Fourth Movement, he participated in and led the anti-imperialist struggle. He had the idea of education to save the country, and in 1919 he went to Paris, France, to study, and he studied a variety of sciences and pedagogy.
In 1924 or 1925, he returned to China from France and served as the First Female Normal School and the Principal of Changsha Women's Normal School in Changsha. At the height of the revolution, he was one of the leaders of the National Revolution in Hunan academic circles, and he joined the Kuomintang and became a leftist of the Kuomintang.
In 1927, he joined the Communist Party of China.
He participated in the Nanchang Uprising, accompanied He Long and Ye Ting's troops to Guangdong, was sent by the Party Central Committee to study in Moscow, and after returning to China, he served as the education minister of the central government in the Central Soviet Region. He never left behind, and walked 25,000 miles, and after arriving in the Northern Shaanxi Soviet District, he served as the minister of education and the principal of the normal school in the government of the Border Region. He was a leader in advocating the Latin word movement.
In the spring of 1938, he returned to Changsha to do united front work.
He knows a little French and Russian, has a wife and children, and he has the spirit of being old and strong, hard and hard-working.
Pictured: Xu Teli's resume, which was first published, is from the "Chinese Academy of History Collects Rare Documents of the Overseas Communist Party"
In this first public
Registration form for members of the Communist Party of China "Communist Labor University of China"
You can see it
Xu Teli's past social status was that of a middle school teacher
Live by teaching
There are four people in the family
He participated in the Nanchang Uprising
He joined the party on May 24, 1927
The introducer is Li Weihan
At this time, Xu Teli was 50 years old
More than half a hundred years old
Why did he resolutely join the party?
From education to save the country to revolution to save the country
What kind of ideological transformation did Xu Teli experience?
01
In 1895
Xu Teli devoted himself to education
Became a village school teacher
The ideal of "education to save the country" has been established
After the Xinhai Revolution
Xu Teli was elected vice speaker of the Provisional Parliament of Hunan Province
Yet a growing number of politicians and speculators
Mixed in with Parliament and the new Government
Xu Teli was indignant
Resolutely resigned
He returned to Changsha County No. 1 Higher Primary School to teach
He immersed himself in running a school
With a view to arousing the people through education
In 1919
Xu Teli went to Paris, France to study
Pictured: Xu Teli (front row, fourth from right) and Hunan work-study students in Lyon, France The picture comes from The Paper
After returning home
He successively founded Changsha Normal School and Changsha Women's Normal School
He also teaches in Hunan First Normal School and other schools
He was actively involved in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movement
Support the progressive student movement
Elaborate improvement of educational methods
Cultivate a large number of students and teachers
To Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Tian Han and many other young people with lofty ideals
It has had a profound impact
He worked with Mao Zedong
Launched the "Tension Movement"
Pictured: Mao Zedong and Xu Teli
Spring 1927
Xu Teli returned to his hometown in Changsha County, Hunan Province
See your hometown baptized by the peasant movement
It's been completely renewed
This strengthened his determination to join the Communist Party of China
He came to Wuhan alone
Look for the Communist Party
April of the same year
Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup
The first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party broke down
May 21
The "Ma-Ri Incident" broke out
Reactionary warlords hunted down communists and revolutionary masses
Frenzied suppression of the workers' and peasants' movement
Xia Yanyue Former Director of the Museum of the Chinese Revolution:
Xu Teli met an old friend in Hankou and told him: "The revolution has failed, what are you doing here?" Better to get some money and go back! Elder Xu was very angry after listening to it, and he said solemnly: "If the revolution is successful, it doesn't matter if there is one more person or one less person, it is precisely because the revolution has failed that we need to do it. ”
After returning to Changsha from Wuhan
Introduced by student Li Weihan
May 24, 1927
Xu secretly joined the Communist Party of China
There is no oath-taking ceremony
There is no pre-rep period
Immediately rushed to Wuhan to carry out underground work
Xu Teli was determined not to avoid all sacrifices
Strive for the cause of the Party
During the Nanchang Uprising
Xu Teli was also involved
He served as the director of the Political Department of the 3rd Division of the 20th Army
After that, he was sent to Moscow by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to study
After returning to China, he went to the Central Soviet District
He is the Minister of Education of the Central Government
02
"Tough Old Soldier"
When he participated in the Long March in 1934
Xu Teli is 57 years old
The hardships he needed to overcome
It is unimaginable to ordinary people
But Xu Teli was always happy along the way
Bloody battle on the Xiang River
Because the casualties were too heavy
The Mood of the Red Army was low
At this time, Xu Teli ran to the highest part of the hillside
Raise your arms and shout
At that time, some young Red Army soldiers who wanted to fall behind
See this scene
Got up and rushed up
Organized to take care of him
He was also assigned a horse
But Xu Teli rarely rides
Always give the horse to the frail and sick comrades
He insisted on walking and walked through the twenty-five thousand mile long march
After arriving in northern Shaanxi in 1935
Xu Teli immediately began to work on education in the border areas
January 30, 1937 Yan'an
Mao Zedong was discussing the grand plan to resist Japan and save the country
Take time out of your busy schedule
Wrote a sincere birthday letter for the teacher
And sent someone to Xu Teli that night
Pictured: Mao Zedong's letter to Xu Teli
This letter expresses
Both Mao Zedong was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party
Praise for proletarian revolutionaries and educators of the older generation
It was also Mao Zedong's reverence for his teacher as a student
January 1947
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China solemnly held a 70th birthday for Xu Teli
Chairman Mao Zedong specially sent him a box of birthday cakes
And wrote six words on the box "Strong Old Soldier"
Commander-in-Chief Jude's inscription is "A Saint Today"
After the founding of New China
Xu Teli put the main energy
They all threw themselves into the cause of education in New China
He insisted on meetings, making reports, and writing articles every day
Contribute to the education cause of new China
To whip yourself up
He also developed a 20-year study and work plan
As a goal of struggle in old age
In 1956
Due to old age
Xu Teli requested his resignation as deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee
Let the young and promising comrades take over
He said, "How can you not be at ease without letting the sages?"
It's about making the sages!
Youth is the future of the country,
Only young people grow up,
Only then can we have hope for our cause. ”
In 1968
Xu Lao passed away unexpectedly
His life
Related to the cause of revolution and education
Declare faith with action
Practice faith with deeds
Lu Dingyi praised him
"This textbook without words,
Better than any textbook,
It's also more important than any textbook."
Today
This textbook is still worthy of us
Learn, think and read
salute!
Source CCTV National Memory Public Account
Editor: Li Tuo
Process Editor Wu Yue