The pre-Qin era was an era of twinkling stars in Chinese history, and hundreds of sons and hundreds of families competed with each other and made important contributions to China's culture and thought. The fundamental reason why there is a "hundred schools of thought" is still driven by political factors.
During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the ceremony collapsed and the society was in a period of turmoil. Zhou Tianzi's "old set" has failed, and a new set of theories is urgently needed to maintain balance. For the sake of their own interests, the princely states had to recruit talents and soldiers, and the rich countries and strong soldiers. In order to meet the needs of the various princely states, many nobles and scholars proposed many different solutions, which was the driving factor of the "hundred schools of thought". With the development of time, the theories of various schools have gradually enriched, and there are 4 most mainstream doctrines, namely: Confucianism. Among them, the doctrine that practices this book the most is the Dharma. Han Fei is a recognized representative of the jurist school.
<h1 align="left" > first, why choose the Dharma</h1>
Note that Han Fei is only the "representative figure" of the Legalist, the Fajia thought was not created by Han Fei, the Earliest Legalist Thought can be traced back to Guan Zhong, Zichan and others, before Han Feizi, Shang Martin, Shen Bu harm and other "big men" have long been left in history.
Han Fei is different from Kong Qiu, Li Er and others, he is a Korean nobleman, some people call it "Gongzi Fei", in the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, the word "Gongzi" is not a white name, he represents the sons of the princes, because of his special status, so he shoulders responsibilities different from others.
In the last years of the Warring States period, Korea, in the "seven heroes" of the smallest land, the weakest national strength, Han Fei from childhood determined to help Korea rich country to become strong, later, Han Fei worshiped Xunzi as a teacher, learn the "art of the emperor", at that time, he also had a classmate, this person is Li Si.
During his study with Xunzi, Han Fei summed up the experience of the rise of the Seven Kingdoms, and he believed that the academic ideas that could really be put into practice and had the most significant effect were the Fajia. At that time, Wei Wenhou used the Li Wu transformation method to rapidly improve the national strength of the Wei state; Qin Xiao used the martingale transformation method to make Great Qin reborn from then on. South Korea has also tasted the sweetness of the Law, and the reason why South Korea was able to rank among the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States" in that year was because Ofshin did not harm the implementation of "magic" governance, making South Korea strong for more than ten years.
Over the years, Han Fei has integrated the ideas of Shen Buhao, Shang Martin, Prudent Zhi and others to form a complete system of so-called "law, technique, and potential", which can be called a collection of masters.
<h1 align="left" > second, born in the wrong era</h1>
Han Fei returned from his studies and wanted to use his academic ideas to implement a change of law on Korea, however, he was frustrated because he met King Han Huanhui.
In 262 BC, King Zhaoxiang of Qin sent Bai Qi to attack the Korean Shangdang, the Korean army was defeated like a mountain, and for the following decades, Korea has been surviving between Qin and Zhao, Han Fei saw that Korea was weakening day by day, very unwilling, he wrote to King Huanhui of Han to request a change of law and strong, "History" Yun:
Unless Han zhi weakened, the number of books was written to the king of Han.
However, Han Huanhui believed that the idea of the legalists was outdated, and that at that time, South Korea was crowded in the middle of several major powers, and foreign affairs could not be dealt with, and there was no time or energy to bury his head in changing the law. Han Fei's petition lasted for 5 years and was never supported by King Huanhui of Han. Han Fei was disappointed and began to bury his head in sorting out his own writings.
Korea was the first of the Six Kingdoms of Shandong to be destroyed, and although the demise of Korea was sad, it was not pitiful, because such a great talent as Han Fei was not reused, which showed that Han Wang's knowledge was unknown. If Han had not been born 100 years earlier, the situation might have been completely different.
<h1 align="left" > Third, the King of Qin summoned me into Xianyang</h1>
Thousands of horses are often there, Bole is not often there, Han Fei cannot be appreciated by the King of Han, but the King of Qin next door has long admired Han Fei's name. After reading Han Fei's writings, Qin Wang Yingzheng said:
"The widow must see this man swimming with him, and he will not hate him when he dies."
Ying Zheng is also a person, and what he wants must be obtained. In order to get Han Fei, Yingzheng did not hesitate to treat Korea both soft and hard.
At this time, King Huanhui of Han had died three years earlier, and his son King An of Han was afraid that the Qin state would come to Korea for trouble, so he simply sent Han Fei as an emissary to the Qin state. The year was 233 BC and the last year of Han Fei's lifetime.
After Han Fei arrived in the Qin Kingdom, he was warmly entertained by Yingzheng, and Han Fei talked with Yingzheng several times, and Yingzheng was shocked, believing that Han Fei's thinking was the way to govern the country. Yin Zheng decided to leave Han Fei to serve himself, and Han Fei also felt that he had finally met "Bo Le".
However, there is an irreconcilable contradiction between Yin Zheng and Han Fei:
Ying Zheng is determined to be in the world, and he wants to destroy the Six Kingdoms. Han Fei is a member of the Korean royal family, and in addition to serving the government, he also represents the family and the temple of the home country. In order to prevent Yingzheng from destroying Han, Han Feiyang wrote a book entitled "Saving Han", in which Han Fei discussed the various drawbacks of eliminating Han from the perspective of Yingzheng.
What is puzzling is that in addition to persuading Yingzheng, Han Fei also did another thing, that is, to attack Li Si and Yao Jia. The author needless to say who Li Si is and what his ability is; Yao Jia is a famous Zongheng family of the Qin State, whose clever tongue is like a spring, sending envoys to the Four Kingdoms and repeatedly sabotaging the unity of the various countries. What good would it do him for Han Fei to offend these two people?
The author speculates that perhaps because Li Si and Yao Jia are people who understand the general situation of the world, Han Fei's "Cun Han" has long been recognized by the two, and Han Fei wants to get rid of them by the hand of Ying Zheng for his own mother country. Unfortunately, Han Fei overestimated himself after all, and Li Si and Yao Jia quickly stomped Han Fei under their feet.
<h1 align="left>4. Some people are dead, but still alive</h1>
In fact, even without Li Si and Yao Jia, with the ability to win the government, he could spy out Han Fei's purpose. Moreover, Ying Zheng was bound to destroy the Six Kingdoms, and no matter how much Han Fei persuaded him, there would be no result. Therefore, between Han Fei and Yingzheng, it is doomed that there will be no reconciliation.
Han Fei was at the feet of the King of Qin, and if he dared to oppose Yin Zheng, he would inevitably die, and in this way, Han Fei died. This is recorded dramatically in the Chronicle of History:
Lisi left people unmedicated and made suicide. Han Fei wanted to show himself and could not see it. The king of Qin regretted it, and made people forgive it, but he was not dead.
Sima Qian said that Han Fei was eventually poisoned by Li Si, combined with the previous text of the "Records of History", so later generations said that Li Si was jealous of Han Fei's talents, so he killed Han Fei. In fact, this understanding is a big fallacy, and the "Records of History" uses the Spring and Autumn Brushwork, which cannot be understood literally. The author believes that Han Fei was not killed by Li Si for four reasons:
First, judging from historical materials such as the Warring States Policy, Li Si is not jealous of talents, and there are many talents in the Qin State that Li Si recommended to Ying zheng, such as Dun Wei, Wei Ji and others, who are all great talents. Some people even believe that Han Fei was also recommended by Li Si to Yingzheng.
Therefore, Li Si's jealousy of talents is actually untenable.
Second, in the "Chronicle of History", it is written that Li Si "left the medicine" and "committed suicide", that is, the medicine was given by Li Si, but Han Fei was not killed by Li Si, and Han Fei committed suicide. If Li Si forced Han Fei to commit suicide, then when the "King of Qin regretted it" later, why didn't he ask Li Si?
Therefore, if Li Si commits suicide by Han Fei privately, it is also untenable, and the biggest possibility is that Li Si is following orders, whose orders, do you still want to say?
Third, Han had to see the King of Qin "self-Chen", why not. Was it that Li Si would not let him see the King of Qin, or did the King of Qin not see him? At this time, as Han Fei's emissary to Korea, did Li Si have the right not to let Han Fei see the King of Qin, and kill Han Fei privately?
The biggest possibility is that the King of Qin believes that Han Fei's "Cun Han" remarks are unacceptable to him, so there is no need to meet with Han Fei, and Li Si may know Han Fei's personality, in order to avoid Han Fei provoking Yingzheng, so he does not let Han Fei see Yingzheng.
Fourth, it is also very important that Han Fei died of "duck killing". In the pre-Qin era, the real most heinous figures were car cracks or waist beheadings, and most of the people who died of "duck killing" were to let him die with dignity. Han Fei eventually died of poison, and there were only two possibilities: either the King of Qin admired Han Fei and decided to let him die with dignity; or Li Si secretly gave him the "will medicine" to avoid Han being insulted by Yingzheng. In short, to say that Han Fei was killed by Li Si is actually wronged by Li Si.
To sum up, the culprit in Han Fei's death is still Yingzheng.
Although Han Fei died, his doctrine took root and was followed by the Qin Dynasty. After Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty exalted Confucianism, the Han Dynasty and subsequent dynasties all used Confucianism as a cloak, but in fact implemented the system of "outer Confucianism and internal law", because the feudal rulers understood in their hearts that only "law" was the basis for ruling the people, and "Confucianism" could only be supplemented by indoctrination. The doctrine summarized by Han Fei is destined to circulate for thousands of years and will always be passed down.
This article refers to the "History", "Warring States Policy", "Han Feizi"