Source: Taiwan Straits Network
According to a report by Xiamen Daily on October 21, after the "double reduction" policy was implemented, how to carry out the teaching reform of light burden and high quality and promote the all-round development of students with quality education has always been a hot topic of concern in the whole society. In fact, as early as a hundred years ago, in the Jimei District of Xiamen on the coast of the Fujian Sea, there was a wise man who put forward the concept of educating people for all-round development with a forward-looking vision. He is Chen Jiageng, who is known as "the banner of overseas Chinese and the glory of the nation."
When he founded Jimei School, Chen Jiageng put forward the educational idea of "attaching equal importance to three educations" of morality, intellect and body, opposed students from "reading dead books" like machines, and emphasized that knowledge, thought, ability, character, sports, gardening, music, etc. all need to be paid attention to. This concept coincides with the fundamental task of education of the Lide tree people in the new era and the concept of educating people in the all-round development of "morality, intelligence, physical fitness, beauty and labor", and is still shining with the light of true insight today, one century later.
Over the past one hundred years, under the guidance of the spirit of Jiageng, the concept of quality education has deeply nourished the water and soil of Jimei, and has bred a batch of outstanding educators and high-quality talents. In the process of inheriting Chen Jiageng's educational philosophy, Jimei District has gradually explored and developed and formed an education brand with local characteristics.
Today is the 147th anniversary of the birth of Mr. Chen Jiageng, Jimei District and this newspaper jointly launched a series of reports on "Jiageng Spirit Leads to Build Jimei Quality Education Characteristic Brand", taking you into Jiageng's hometown and deeply understanding the measures and fruits of Jimei District to carry forward the Jiageng spirit and build a characteristic brand of quality education. The opening chapter will be with you to look back at Mr. Jiageng's visionary quality education story and the vivid practice of Jimei School a hundred years ago.
preschool education
In August 1926, the new kindergarten building founded by Chen Jiageng was completed, including Baozhen Building, Yangzheng Building, Xuchun Room, and Group Music Room. (Infographic/Courtesy of Jimei Kindergarten)
former times
Hardware and software facilities "high-end"
Known as a "model kindergarten"
In China, there are not many kindergartens with a century-old history, and Jimei Kindergarten is one of them. At the beginning of the last century, kindergartens were still new in China and mostly established by churches, while Jimei Kindergarten was one of the earliest private kindergartens founded by Chinese.
In 1919, Mr. Chen Jiageng founded an independent kindergarten in his hometown Jimei Taisha and borrowed an ancestral hall, which was the predecessor of Jimei Kindergarten.
At that time, the people generally did not have the awareness of preschool education. In order to encourage people, especially the poor people, to send their children to kindergartens, Chen Jiageng not only waived tuition fees, but also issued living subsidies to children who entered kindergartens.
From the beginning of the birth of Jimei Kindergarten, the software and hardware facilities were "high-ended" - the first director Chen Shuhua was the director of The first kindergarten in China - Gulangyu Huaide Kindergarten (today's Gulangyu Sunshine Kindergarten); the park was equipped with pianos, organs, animal and plant models and other rare teaching equipment at that time, and also set up gymnastics classes, story classes, handicraft classes, etc., in line with the international height.
In order to improve the conditions for running the kindergarten, Chen Jiageng invested in the construction of a kindergarten school building. In August 1926, a row of new Gothic school buildings was completed, which was praised as "the first kindergarten education building in the country". Chen Jiageng named this row of school buildings with his original intention of running a garden - "Baozhen Hall", "Yangzheng Building", "Xichun Building" and "Qunle Building". "Baozhen" means to protect children's nature and respect their development laws; "yangzheng" means to cultivate young children to develop good habits from an early age and correct bad habits.
In the book "Kindergarten Education" published by the Commercial Press in 1927, Jimei Kindergarten was introduced in detail as one of the four "Chinese Model Kindergartens".
At the Chen Jiageng Memorial Hall, the Jiageng architectural model made Jimei kindergarten children very interested. (Courtesy of Jimei District Education Bureau)
now
Inherit the century-old educational concept
Respect children's developmental nature
Today, in Jimei Kindergarten, the original teaching buildings - Baozhen Building and Yangzheng Building are still in use, and have become the landmark buildings of the park. In the process of development and change in the past century, although it has been suspended and resumed several times, the educational concept of "Baozhen Yangzheng" adhered to by Jimei Kindergarten has never changed.
"We respect the nature of young children and start from their interests, needs and experiences, no matter what activities they carry out." Chen Weihong, director of Jimei Kindergarten, introduced that teachers actively create opportunities for children to contact nature and society, so that they can maintain their innocence and grow up freely and happily.
In addition, Jimei Kindergarten pays attention to the cultivation of children's good conduct, makes full use of Jimei's humanistic resources to build a curriculum, and through seeing, listening, speaking, doing and other ways suitable for children, let children understand and feel the spirit of Jiageng, stimulate their love for their hometown and motherland, make them cultivate correct conduct, and achieve the harmonious unity of personality and society.
Today's Jimei Kindergarten is not only a demonstration kindergarten in Fujian Province, but also a base garden for Chen Heqin's education and ideological research in Xiamen. Not only Jimei Kindergarten, but also many kindergartens, including Jimei Experiment, Yingcun (Duishan), Garden Expo, Xinglin, Xingbin and other kindergartens, also take the "Preschool Education Creed" proposed by Mr. Jiageng as the purpose, inherit the educational concept of "Baozhen Yangzheng", carry out activities close to the laws of children's development and various forms, and become a paradise for children to grow up happily.
Junior high and elementary school education
Moral education is excellent
Emphasize character first and strengthen patriotic education
Chen Jiageng's education emphasizes character first and cultivates talents for the country and the nation. Patriotism is the core connotation of the "sincerity and perseverance" school motto he formulated for Jimei School, and it is also his original intention to devote himself to learning.
He once said to the teachers and students of Jimei School in a serious tone: "I have trained you, and I do not want you to do anything for me, but all I hope for you is to study hard, behave well, and do things for the country and the nation in accordance with the school motto of 'sincerity and perseverance.'"
Even during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Jimei School moved to Anxi and Datian, and continued to strengthen patriotic education for students. Teachers and students stimulated the people's anti-Japanese enthusiasm through anti-enemy cartoons, papers, posters, speeches, songs, plays, torch parades, etc.
The famous painter Huang Yongyu was an alumnus of Jimei Middle School and one of the main forces of anti-enemy public opinion propaganda during the school's relocation to Anxi. During the internal relocation to Anxi, in order to strengthen the anti-Japanese propaganda, teachers and students of various schools in Jimei set up newspaper and periodical editorial departments, of which the "Blood Flower Daily" published on May 23, 1938 was widely circulated in Anxi's urban and rural areas, and its influence was widespread. The newspaper's art editor was Huang Yongyu, who was responsible for woodcuts and illustrations; the text editor Wang Parasitism, who later became a famous military writer with the pen name Bai Dao, wrote many works such as "Soldiers In the City".
Group photo of all directors and employees of Blood Flower Daily. (Courtesy of Chen Jiageng Research Database)
Dig deep into Jiageng resources to develop characteristic compulsory courses
"Sincerity and perseverance" education is also the top priority of moral education in the contemporary primary and secondary schools in Jimei District. Jimei students have one more compulsory course than other district students - Jiageng Spiritual School Curriculum. Jimei District digs deep into local resources, develops moral education courses with the theme of Jiageng's deeds, continues to promote Jiageng spirit theme picture books, radio dramas, sitcoms, etc. into the campus, and jointly establishes the Jiageng Spirit Publicity Group with Chengyi College, continues to go into primary and secondary schools to preach, and forms the brand of "Chengyi" moral education curriculum. Teachers and students were mobilized to carry out jiageng spiritual theme art creation, and a number of excellent textbook dramas, musicals and dance works emerged. Organize teachers and students to participate in the "Geng Reader" classic recitation activities, and go deep into scenic spots, communities, stations and other places to publicize the spirit of Jiageng. Develop the "Walking the Road of Jiageng" primary and secondary school research and practice activities, lead teachers and students into Jiageng's former residence, Aoyuan and other patriotic education bases, and immerse themselves in the greatness of Jiageng's spirit.
Jimei District will take October every year as the theme education month of "Carry forward the spirit of Jiageng and practice the school motto of sincerity and perseverance", and carry out a series of activities including "Jiageng Group Song" into the campus, Jiageng quotation calligraphy competition, Jiageng Children's Play Festival and so on, so that the spirit of Jiageng and the character of sincerity and perseverance are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
In addition, schools in Jimei District have integrated Jiageng elements into the construction of campus culture, set up Jiageng statues, Jiageng cultural corridors, Jiageng reading areas, etc., to create a strong learning atmosphere; the promotion of Jiageng spirit has been incorporated into the induction training of new teachers, and special lectures on Jiageng spirit have been carried out through parent schools to expand social influence.
Zhang Xuyang, deputy director of the Jimei District Education Bureau, said that the integration of moral education in colleges, middle schools, primary schools and kindergartens is the trend of the times, and Jimei District will innovate ways, build platforms, integrate resources, and carry out the moral education work of each section through the way that students like to hear, and constantly tell the story of Jiageng and carry forward the spirit of Jiageng.
Sport strong
Construction of a standard sports field With a large number of physical education teachers
In the old China, sports were not taken seriously by the social and government education departments. In Jimei School, physical education is not only a "serious matter", but also a "big thing", and is listed as an official subject. Even morning exercises are considered regular classes and are persistent throughout the year. According to the 1931 Jimei Weekly, if any student was afraid of the cold and could not come to the morning exercise or arrive late, the principal would personally go to the dormitory to "please" come out.
In 1921, Chen Jiageng wrote to Ye Yuan, the principal of Jimei School, stipulating that every year there should be a sports meeting within three days after the "Chongyang Festival", and that "absolutely not simple". From 1919 to 1948, Jimei School held a total of 18 sports meetings.
What should students do if they don't have a place to exercise? Jimei School has built a large playground with a large football field and a 400-meter running track, and the lawn in the field is cultivated with grass seeds specially sent from Singapore by Chen Jiageng. This standard sports field was one of the best in the province that year.
With the encouragement of Mr. Jiageng, various sports activities such as mountaineering, tug-of-war, dragon boating, ball games, and gymnastics have been carried out vigorously. Foreign sports exchanges are also in full swing. In 1929, the Jimei School basketball team competed against the visiting American Ship Black Hawk Basketball Team and the American Ship Pittsburgh Basketball Team, winning both games.
At that time, the physical education teachers in Jimei School were full of talents - in order to enhance the teachers, the school sought physical education teachers from major cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. Wu Demao, who was the director of the gymnasium of Jimei School, is the five-event champion of the Far Eastern Games and a graduate of the Physical Education Department of Southeast University; Wu Zhenxi is a graduate of the Physical Education Department of Beijing Normal University, the teacher Jin Yan is the ten-event champion and football player of the National Games, and Shao Leping is the champion of the National Games.
Waterfront School Soccer League. (Courtesy of Jimei District Education Bureau)
Implement the "big recess" activity system to promote the development of physical education characteristics
Dragon and Lion Dance at Le'an Middle School, Wuzu Fist at Xinting Elementary School, Beach Rugby at Shangtang Middle School, Archery at Meishan Elementary School... Jimei District takes the daily sunshine sports one-hour activity as the starting point, implements the "big inter-class" activity system, promotes the development of the characteristics of school physical education, and forms a new situation of school sports development of "one school, one product" or even "one school and many products".
At present, the district has created 25 national provincial and municipal football characteristic schools, 6 national basketball characteristic schools, 2 national volleyball base schools, and 1 provincial martial arts base school. In 2020, the Jimei District Primary School United Team won the first place in the Municipal Primary and Secondary Vocational Students Athletics Championships. This year, the Xiamen No. 10 Middle School Boys' Basketball Team won the second place in the Provincial Youth Basketball Championship.
At the same time, adhering to the principle of labor to cultivate morality, labor to strengthen the body, and labor to cultivate beauty, Jimei District has continuously promoted the research and practice education of primary and secondary schools, and this year it was identified as the "National Primary and Secondary School Labor Education Experimental Zone", and the District Education Bureau's "Based on the New Era, Labor Education future" was selected as a typical case in the province. The construction of the primary and secondary school social practice base in Jimei District is expected to be completed in 2022, and after the completion of the project, it will become the largest district-level demonstration comprehensive practice base in the city.
Ji Meizi performed a sitcom with the theme of Jiageng spirit. (Courtesy of Jimei District Education Bureau)
vocational education
Strings and songs
Take the jumping platform deep into the mountains
In the process of running an industry, Chen Jiageng deeply felt the importance of practical talent training. He believes that knowledge should be equally important as skills, and students should apply what they have learned, and vocational education such as aquatic products, business science, agriculture and forestry has been opened in Jimei to cultivate talents needed for the national economy and people's livelihood.
By 1927, Jimei School had formed a complete education system from kindergarten, primary school, middle school to specialty, with equal emphasis on general education and vocational education, and both male and female studies.
In order to cultivate students' hands-on ability, Chen Jiageng invested heavily in the purchase of various practical equipment for internships. The practice ships "Jimei No. 1" and "Jimei No. 2" were the "Big Macs" in the fishing boat industry at that time.
Even in the war-torn era, Jimei vocational education has not stopped singing. After the Outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, teachers and students of Jimei Commercial, Agriculture, Forestry, Aquatic Navigation and other schools packed their bags and traveled long distances over mountains and mountains to Anxi County and Datian County to continue running schools. On the top of the high mountain, teachers and students hung blackboards on trees in spite of the enemy planes circling, teachers stood in front of trees to teach, and students sat on the ground to listen to lessons; navigation training had to set up a platform to dive, teachers and students selected river sections, collectively built deep pools, and staged a good story of classes in the dense forest and diving in the mountains.
Today's Jida Navigation College, Marine Engineering College, Xiamen Marine Vocational and Technical College, Jida College of Finance and Economics, and Jimei Industrial School are all developed from the business education and aquatic marine education founded by Mr. Jiageng.
Integration of industry and education
Run schools into industrial zones
Today, as a famous cultural and diocese in Jimei District, vocational education is still booming. Not long ago, the results of the first national vocational skills competition were announced, and 3 projects (students) of Jimei Vocational and Technical School were directly shortlisted for the 46th World Skills Competition China Training Team with excellent results, and one of the students entered the top five in the country and will be directly awarded the title of "National Technical Expert".
The National Vocational Skills Competition is a comprehensive national vocational skills competition with the highest specifications, the largest number of projects, the largest scale and the highest level in China since the founding of New China. In the secondary vocational and higher vocational colleges of the fujian provincial education system, a total of eight projects were selected for the national training team, and the number of jimei vocational and technical schools was the first in the province.
In December last year, the domestic selection competition of the 46th WorldSkills Competition, known as the "WorldSkills Olympiad", the Fujian Training Base of The Fine Woodworking and Cooking Project, also settled in Jimei Vocational and Technical School, of which the Fine Woodworking Training Base is one of the top ten key training bases. The professional skill level and school strength of Jimei Vocational School can be seen.
Behind the endless emergence of high-skilled talents is the great importance that Jimei District attaches to vocational education. In 2007, with the support of the Jimei District Committee and District Government, Jimei Vocational and Technical School bought land to run a school in the mechanical industry concentration area and owned its own campus, including teaching buildings and dormitory buildings. Teachers and students learn and live in the industrial zone, and can connect with enterprises at "zero distance" to better realize the integration of industry and education.
Industry insiders said that more than a decade ago, moving schools into industrial zones to run schools was a precedent in the province and had leading significance in the country.
What is less known is that as the province's intelligent manufacturing public training base, and also the first batch of provincial demonstration bases in the province set up in secondary vocational schools, Jimei Vocational School welcomes a batch of graduate students and undergraduate students from Xiamen University and Huada University every year. Middle-aged vocational students guide the hands-on practical training of undergraduate and graduate students of famous universities, which is a common scene in the workshop.
(Reporter Lin Guizhen Correspondent Wu Xiuna Wang Leping)