1. The inevitability of developing special aquaculture
Special breeding is the right way to ensure that wild animals meet human needs: due to various reasons, wildlife resources have decreased sharply, and the original resources provided by wild animals alone can no longer meet the needs of humans, such as precious medicinal materials such as musk and some wild animals for people to eat, the only way out is artificial breeding.
The inevitable result of the social division of labor: With the gradual development of society, the division of labor is required to become more and more detailed and more professional. The industry of special breeding will gradually separate from the traditional side business and auxiliary industry, and will develop into an independent industry. Traditional livestock and poultry breeding will gradually move towards scale, collectivization, integration and modernization. The relatively weak and relatively small special breeding industry with a wide coverage requires many personnel and units to engage in and improve this industry professionally, deeply and systematically. The vigorous development of the special breeding industry is also the inevitable result of social development.
China's rural areas are currently suitable for the development of special breeds: our country has a large population, and the agricultural population accounts for a large proportion. Since China's reform and opening up for many years, the main source of income for the agricultural population has undergone tremendous changes. It has gradually developed from the traditional labor and income-generating mode based on planting industry to a labor and income-generating model based on planting, animal husbandry and migrant workers. In terms of animal husbandry, the traditional large animal husbandry, mainly based on pigs, chickens, cattle, sheep, fishing, with the rapid development of traditional animal husbandry, many Chinese farmers can no longer get a relatively high return from the traditional large animal husbandry production. Some of the special breeding industries that have just started and some who have not even started yet have the characteristics of small investment, small scale and high feeding returns are suitable for the development of farmers in China.
The prospect of special breeding is broad: the continuous development of human society, the gradual improvement of people's living standards, the potential demand for some of the original living standards is relatively low, dare not think, can not be extravagant, and now the demand is getting stronger and stronger. Most of the special terminal products are to meet these special needs of people. For example, edible abalone, sea cucumber, small fragrant pig, ostrich, peacock, snake, etc.; deer antler velvet, bear bile, scorpion, muskrat, etc. mainly for medicinal purposes; mink coats, fox fur strips, raccoon wool crafts, velvet tapestries based on clothing and decoration; goldfish, Tibetan mastiffs, small pet pigs, grasshoppers, etc. for ornamental use. With the continuous development of society, the prospects of the special breeding industry will be brighter.
2. Completely prohibit illegal wildlife trade
After the outbreak of the epidemic, in order to comprehensively prohibit and punish illegal wildlife trade, eliminate the bad habit of indiscriminately eating wild animals, maintain biosecurity and ecological security, and effectively prevent major public health risks, the state and local governments have issued a series of policy decisions to strengthen the control of illegal wildlife trade and consumption:
On January 26, 2020, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the State Forestry and Grassland Administration jointly issued an announcement deciding to strictly prohibit any form of wildlife trading until the national epidemic is lifted. Subsequently, the National Health Commission issued a work plan to completely ban the trade in wild animals; the Ministry of Public Security issued an emergency notice to severely crack down on illegal and criminal activities involving wild animals.
On February 24, 2020, the 16th session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress deliberated and adopted the Decision on Completely Banning Illegal Wildlife Trade, Eliminating the Bad Habit of Eating Wild Animals, and Effectively Protecting the People's Life, Health and Safety (hereinafter referred to as the Decision), which came into effect on the date of promulgation.
In accordance with the requirements of the "Decision", in the future, China will completely prohibit the consumption of "terrestrial wild animals with important ecological, scientific and social value" protected by the state and other terrestrial wild animals, including artificially bred and artificially raised terrestrial wild animals. At the same time, animals listed in the human, livestock and poultry genetic resources catalogue belong to livestock and poultry, and the provisions of the Animal Husbandry Law of the People's Republic of China shall apply. So, after the promulgation of the "Decision", what boundaries do we need to pay attention to to the comprehensive ban on the consumption of wild animals?
First of all, according to the requirements of the Decision, the animals in the inventory of livestock and poultry genetic resources belong to livestock and poultry and can be farmed and eaten. In 2014, the former Ministry of Agriculture announced the "List of National Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Protection in China", 42 pig breeds such as Bamei Pig, Bama Xiang Pig, Horse Body Pig, Locust Pig, Lantang Pig and Tibetan Pig, 10 duck breeds such as Large Bone Chicken, White-eared Yellow Chicken, Xianju Chicken, Silk Feather Black Bone Chicken, Camel Flower Chicken, Wolf Mountain Chicken, Tibetan Chicken, Short-legged Chicken, Wenchang Chicken, Wenshang Luhua Chicken, Minqing Hairy Foot Chicken, Changshun Green Shell Egg Chicken, Youxian Ma Duck, Jianchang Duck, Putian Black Duck, Jinyun Ma Duck, Ji'an Red Hair Duck, Sichuan White Goose, There are 11 goose breeds such as lion's head goose, open-eyed goose, Xingguo grey goose, black mane goose, steel goose, Pupu goose, etc., 34 breeds of cows and horses such as Jiulong yak, Qinghai plateau yak, Gannan yak, dulong cow, Haizi buffalo, Nanyang cattle, Qinchuan cattle, Bohai black cattle, Yixian red bull, Debao dwarf horse, Mongolian horse Yanqi horse, Guanzhong donkey, Dezhou donkey, Xinjiang donkey, Alxa twin-headed camel and other 34 breeds of cows and horses, Liaoning cashmere goat, small-tailed cold sheep, Uzhu Muqin sheep, Tibetan goat, lake sheep, Leizhou goat, Hanzhong sheep, Minxian black fur sheep, Sunit sheep, Chengdu hemp sheep 27 sheep breeds such as Dazu black goat, as well as other breeds such as middle bee, northeast black bee, Xinjiang black bee, Fujian yellow rabbit, Sichuan white rabbit and other breeds are national livestock and poultry genetic resources protection breeds. The above animals included in the inventory of livestock and poultry genetic resources stipulated in the Animal Husbandry Law also belong to livestock and poultry. The provisions of the Animal Husbandry Law shall be managed and strictly quarantined in its breeding and utilization, including food. Secondly, aquatic wild animals such as fish are not included in the scope of human fasting. Catching fish and other natural fishery resources is an important agricultural production method, but also the international common practice, the Fisheries Law has been regulated, according to the consensus of all parties, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the decision, fish and other aquatic wild animals are not included in the scope of the ban.
Regarding the impact on special breeding and follow-up policy guidance, the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office also gave a clear answer at the press conference of the State Council's new office on March 12, 2020 on "decisive victory and poverty alleviation". It means that after the "Decision" takes effect, the relevant departments are formulating a detailed catalogue to clarify as soon as possible what cannot be raised and which can be raised.
3. The situation facing the special aquaculture industry under the epidemic situation
Although it is still uncertain whether the new crown pneumonia epidemic is related to special aquaculture, the impact on the special aquaculture industry will be catastrophic. The next step of the state will be to ban all edible special breeding that has the potential risk of spreading the deadly virus, so relevant breeding enterprises and farmers must have psychological expectations. For edible special breeding, after the epidemic, it is not a spring and warm blossoms, but a severe winter; and for non-edible special breeding, it will also be affected by this and need to go through a difficult period of time.
After the epidemic, it is unlikely that the special breeding industry will be completely banned because of its special use, but the industry's normative rectification is inevitable At present, China's special breeding industry is not standardized and mature, and the relevant laws and regulations, breeding qualification assessment programs, industry standards and even the definition of wild animals are not clear enough. After the epidemic, some special breeding industries can only be recognized by consumers again if they regulate their own production and solve the worries of carrying the virus, and can they go further in the future. From the national level, the market norms and even laws and regulations on special breeding will be gradually carried out, and the special breeding industry will be standardized at the same time, after the standardization, the special breeding industry will follow the benign and healthier development track of "the market has quasi-people, strict breeding standards, and more standardized operation".
4. The development direction of special aquaculture industry segmentation
For the analysis of the development prospects of special economic animal breeding or to start with the current situation, the development status and prospects of different types of special economic animals can be said to be very different, in this case, according to the different commercial values, introduce the development direction of the special breeding industry segmentation.
1. Special economic animals for medicinal purposes
Breeding status of medicinal special economic animals there are many kinds, which are well known to everyone have black bears, deer, musk, scorpions, etc., these animals are mainly used for drug development, medicinal product development, etc., black bear breeding has a long history, the entire bear bile supply market has obviously become saturated. Differences in the scale of breeding and methods of taking bile have led to many black bear farmers being questioned and attacked by consumers and other people. As the public's understanding and sympathy for animals continues to deepen, it is becoming more and more difficult to approve black bear breeding. Overall, the current state of black bear breeding is that the market tends to be saturated, but the industry barriers are obvious and should be developed in a more precise direction. Unlike black bears, the deer breeding market is currently completely surplus, because the supply of deer antlers is oversupplied, and the price has also declined, whether it is sika deer or red deer, as a source of supply for deer antlers, its breeding and product processing methods are too old to adapt to the current market and consumer needs, and it is necessary to seek new growth space.
2. Special economic animals for meat
Breeding status meat with special economic animals is the most well-known, in recent years the hottest should be black pigs, a variety of poultry, aquatic products are also mainly as food animals for breeding. At present, black pig breeding is relatively chaotic, especially with pork prices, regions and consumer consumption concepts have a lot to do with it. In many tourist cities, wild boar meat is in short supply at the table, but in some underdeveloped areas wild boar meat is not popular, consumers prefer to buy ordinary pork rather than buy wild boar meat with similar prices. Moreover, the status quo of the whole breeding is very complicated, many farmers are small-scale farming, there is a great disadvantage in production and marketing, it is difficult to sell at the right price, resulting in the entire market is more chaotic. However, because of the high nutritional value of wild boar meat and the large market demand, there is still a lot of room for development, which can be further explored.
3. Special economic animals for fur
The special economic animals used for breeding fur are still in great demand in the market, but because of the current consumer trend to resist furs and other phenomena, the related breeding industry has been affected to a certain extent. For example, fur products such as mink coats and fox fur collars, which were originally popular with consumers and have a higher price, have been greatly reduced in sales, and because they have more than 50 years of breeding history in China, the development is relatively mature, and the market is saturated, and it is difficult to make a breakthrough from the current breeding varieties. The best way to farm is to seek new species, develop new consumer needs, and implement a blue ocean strategy. Only in this way can we find new vitality in the breeding of special cash crops for fur.
Fourth, ornamental special economic animals
The breeding hamster is a popular ornamental special economic animal breed, similar to some canines and cats. Ornamental pets have a lot to do with market consumption (Li Yanqun, 2018). If consumers like it, their market value will be speculated very high, but if consumers no longer like it, their prices will plummet, which is also a great challenge for farmers. For example, the sables that were once popular in the breeding market 15 years ago fell from the original price of tens of thousands of yuan to 3,000 yuan in just a few months, which is a great challenge for farmers, price fluctuations and market supply and demand directly affect the profits of farmers.