About the Author
Sun Wenkai is the vice dean of the National Institute of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and a professor at the School of Economics, Chinese Min University.
His research focuses on the development of small and micro enterprises, employment and labor market issues. He has published more than 70 academic papers and 4 monographs in journals such as Economic Research.
Excerpt
The platform economy is an important form of resource organization for the development of the Internet and digital economy, and as a new form of operation, it has had a significant impact on the digital transformation and development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises is of great significance to the country, platform and enterprise, and the industrial Internet should be developed in accordance with economic logic and policy logic. The platform has both market attributes and public attributes, so it is necessary to pay attention to balancing the relationship between the private rights of the platform and the public interest to increase the welfare of the whole society. Digital procurement is an important part of digital transformation, which significantly reduces the operating costs of small and medium-sized enterprises, improves procurement efficiency, and expands corporate profits. The industrial Internet platform has played an important role in the digitalization of small and medium-sized enterprises as a source of innovation, and has continuously empowered the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. The digital transformation of commercial banks has effectively promoted the financial services of small and medium-sized enterprises. For the control of the platform, it is necessary to follow the "one nuclear and three governance", strengthen supervision, prevent monopoly, and better protect the development and innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises.
The platform economy is an important form of organizational resource for the development of the Internet and digital economy, and small and medium-sized enterprises are also the main force of China's economic development. In response to such issues as how the development of the platform economy affects the value of SMEs and whether the status quo can be further improved through policies, the National Institute of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises organized a seminar entitled "The Impact of the Platform Economy on the Value of SMEs" on August 13. The meeting was presided over by Sun Wenkai, vice president of the National Academy of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and professor of the School of Economics. Professor Yao Jianming of the Business School of Chinese Min University, Professor Li Sanxi of the School of Economics, Professor Wu Qingjun of the School of Labor and Personnel, Professor Yang Dong of the Law School, Lin Jiang, researcher of the Jingdong Big Data Research Institute, Zhang Yu, deputy director of the Policy Research Institute of the China Industrial Internet Research Institute, Du Weinan, deputy director of the Network Finance Department of the Postal Savings Bank, and Zhang Cheng, director of the SME Research Center of the Ali Research Institute, attended the meeting and made reports from their own research perspectives.
First, the platform is a model with the help of digital technology, which needs to be comprehensively studied
Professor Yao Jianming of the Business School of Chinese Min University believes that the platform economy is built to some extent to better enable the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, because large enterprises do not need to rely on platform economic development. Although people's understanding of the Internet is relatively popular, the understanding of the digital economy has gradually been unified after the participation of the state in planning in recent years. The scope of the digital economy is much larger than that of the platform economy, because the platform economy is more about the problem of the digital economy from the perspective of a model or scenario. For example, the e-commerce platform created by Alibaba (hereinafter referred to as "Ali") and JD.com is a scene, and in this scenario, many small and medium-sized enterprises can develop better. The development of the digital economy and the platform economy are certainly very important core models.
The digital economy is an activity that uses digital technology to support to create value for society, how can we better create this value? On the one hand, technology is needed, and on the other hand, patterns are needed. The platform is a good model, and the biggest problem in the development of the digital economy lies in the model or scenario. For small and medium-sized enterprises, from the perspective of platform economy, the bigger problem is how to create a good platform that allows small and medium-sized enterprises to better create value in this scenario. In addition to the technology and scenarios, there may be some problems. For example, how to define the platform economy; after the platform is clearly defined, how to solve the problem of technology and model; how to better create value on the platform for small and medium-sized enterprises; how to better play the characteristics of cross-border integration and integrate more resources into the platform. At this time, not only the issue of small and medium-sized enterprises will be considered, but also the issue of other resources.
In many aspects of social governance, the party, government, enterprises and media must participate in it, so the platform economy is a large-scale scene. The relationship between enterprise and resources is divided into many levels, from political positioning to the establishment of one's own future direction, to the creation of models and the application of technology. There are many factors that can be considered, and this issue cannot be explored from the perspective of pure economic value, but more importantly, it must be explored from the perspective of social value. In the past two years, there have been many problems in platform enterprises, and in an era of great change, exploring a series of systemic issues is the core of the platform economy. Better solve these systemic problems in order to promote the better development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the core problem to be solved in this is still the pain point problem of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, if you do not start from the pain point problem to explore the development of the digital economy, the significance is not great, and the digital economy is difficult to promote.
Second, the platform digital empowerment of enterprises has multiple meanings
Professor Li Sanxi of the School of Economics, Chinese Min University, discussed several issues related to digital platforms and the digital transformation of SMEs.
The first question is the significance of digital transformation of SMEs. There are three main points:
The first is the significance of digital transformation for countries. Small and medium-sized enterprises are the new force of the national economy, and digital transformation can optimize the efficiency of the entire economy on the supply side. Transformation is conducive to improving competitiveness, improving the matching degree of supply and demand, stimulating consumption, and expanding the domestic cycle. After the transformation, more flexible customization and personalized customization can be carried out to meet the needs of consumers, which is also conducive to enhancing people's sense of happiness.
The second is the significance of digital transformation for the platform. The platform B2C side dividend has been bottlenecked, and the potential of the B2B side has begun to appear. At the same time, it has always been emphasized that the platform should develop in a healthy and orderly manner, not a barbaric and directionless development, and the platform to help small and medium-sized enterprises is a politically correct direction.
Third, the significance of digital transformation for enterprises. Enterprises can improve their value creation capabilities based on users, better meet the needs of consumers, create new value, build a good value network with other enterprises in the supply chain, better realize value co-creation, and also be able to trade between organizations and reduce the cost of transactions.
The second question is why platforms are needed to help SMEs transform. The digital economy requires flexible transformation of the supply side to meet the purpose of mass customized production, which may involve the transformation of the entire industrial chain, and a single small and medium-sized enterprise cannot achieve this purpose, which requires the help of platform enterprises, whether it is the consumer Internet, the industrial Internet, or the industrial Internet. Platform enterprises have accumulated a large amount of data, resources, experience and technology in the market, which can help SMEs to carry out digital transformation, which is the reason why platforms are needed to help SMEs in their digital transformation.
The third question is how digital platforms can help SMEs digitally transform. At present, the e-commerce platform is directly connected to the production end from the consumer end, directly feedback the needs of consumers to the manufacturer, and design and produce products according to the needs of customers. This model provides support for SMEs in four aspects: one is that these platforms may help SMEs develop and cultivate new brands; the other is to help SMEs improve their inventory efficiency; third, the platform can provide financial support for SMEs; and fourth, the platform can provide integrated digital solutions for SMEs. To achieve this model, enterprises on the manufacturing side need to have flexible manufacturing capabilities, which requires a digital upgrade of the factory itself and access to the industrial Internet.
The industrial Internet platform can bring value to the digital transformation of enterprises at several levels: one is to improve the transaction efficiency between enterprises; the second is that the industrial Internet industry can improve the production efficiency within the enterprise; and the third is to innovate the business model of the enterprise.
The fourth problem is the path choice of the platform to the industrial Internet. The industrial Internet needs to follow two basic logics: one is economic logic, and the other is policy logic, that is, both tangible and intangible hands must be considered.
There are many differences between the industrial Internet and the consumer Internet. The core of the consumer Internet is link and traffic, traffic is king, but the core of the industrial Internet is to improve quality and efficiency. The consumer Internet is more embodied as an alternative and subversive, including e-commerce platforms subverting traditional offline retail. The industrial Internet is embodied in a complementary or symbiotic relationship. In the industrial Internet, the network effect is not as significant as that of the consumer Internet. When companies enter the industrial Internet, data may be more difficult to obtain, not as easy as obtaining information from the consumer side. The characteristics of vertical specialization of the industrial Internet are more obvious, which requires the platform to have more understanding of the subdivided industries. The lock-in effect of the industrial Internet on users is more significant.
From the logic of the policy, the development of the platform in the future will emphasize the creation of social value, such as anti-monopoly and other issues.
Third, the platform private rule should also pay attention to the nature of public services
Professor Wu Qingjun of the School of Labor and Personnel of Chinese Min University believes that from an ecological point of view, it is self-evident that the platform drives the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which has played a great role in promoting the whole of China. Taking Ali as an example, Ali's e-commerce-based system has evolved into a large ecosystem, which is not only in Ali's business, or horizontal derivation of e-commerce platforms, but also includes vertical derivations. The horizontal ecology is more based on e-commerce retail, and gradually evolves to a series of ecosystems including new consumption, entertainment, etc.; the vertical ecology is the enterprises and employment related to the Ali platform in the entire industry and supply chain. Through such a digital economic platform, a new industrial cluster has been formed, which is different from the industrialized era when all resources are concentrated in the city, and there can be a larger space distribution at present. The traditional business system emphasizes the integration of subjects, including complementarity, or symbiosis, including collaborative symbiosis, but also valuable creation, which is a loose business network. However, the digital economy platform similar to Ali is different from the traditional business system, because the Ali platform is more data-driven and relies on the rules designed by the algorithm to form the rules of the platform. The digital ecosystem platform emphasizes internal rules and the main body works more closely together.
What kind of impact will this platform rule have on SMEs? Platform rules are rules for exercising private rights in the platform's own domain. Platforms can develop rules that facilitate transactions, protect transactions, and punish both the supply side and the demand side, which are rules formed within the platform that regulate the behavior between various entities. Platforms are paradoxical, facilitating and protecting market transactions on the one hand, and intervening and controlling transactions on the other. Therefore, anti-monopoly and other acts are necessary.
The platform has both market attributes and public attributes. The platform enterprise is not a public platform, but a platform for enterprises, with independence and profitability. At present, whether it is Didi, Meituan, or Ali, due to the lack of public attributes, its background computing rules are not recognized by society. To a certain extent, the platform has public attributes, including the attributes of industry codes of conduct.
The corresponding is the relationship between the private rights of the platform and the public interest. As a growing private right, how to combine the platform with the public interest and bring about the welfare of the whole society is a relatively important topic. The tolerance and prudence proposed by Premier Li Keqiang are inclusive innovation, prudent supervision and effective supervision. It is generally believed that the stage of inclusive innovation has passed, that is to say, the stage of excessive emphasis on private rights has passed, and now it is more important to emphasize the contradiction between this private right and social public order.
Platform rules may have an impact on the competitiveness and innovation of SMEs, which in turn may affect social welfare. The role of traffic and the cost and competition relationship of SMEs on the platform involve platform monopoly and abuse of market dominance. In the vicious competition of SMEs on the platform, the platform rules lead to unfair competition among SMEs. The growth of platform private rights may bring great damage to the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises. If smEs want to get more transactions on the platform, in the context of the development of the traffic economy, smes have more funds and technology to invest in not technological innovation, but more business model innovation. If the mode of consumption of the Internet in the platform economy continues to develop, it is not particularly beneficial to the future growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, and more need to turn to the industrial Internet.
For the development of the platform, there are the following suggestions: first, to clarify the attributes and boundaries of platform power; second, public law should regulate the private rights of platforms in an orderly manner; third, to enhance the public service attributes of platforms; and fourth, to scientifically and reasonably set the public responsibilities of platforms.
Fourth, digital procurement reduces the cost of small and medium-sized enterprises
Lin Jiang, a researcher at JD Big Data, believes that digital procurement is an important part of digital transformation. Procurement is a high-frequency activity of enterprises, and digital procurement constitutes a precursor part of the entire digital transformation and leads the entire digital transformation. Especially for small and medium-sized enterprises, digitalization is enough to implement a low cost, is an area where it is easy to realize the application of digital technology.
A very big role of digital procurement for small and medium-sized enterprises is to significantly reduce the operating costs of enterprises, improve procurement efficiency, and expand corporate profits. According to the 2016 McKinsey report, if digital procurement is adopted, it can save 20% to 30% of the cost per year, and online procurement can reduce the procurement time of enterprises by 30%, and can also reduce the value loss by 50%. The 2019 Accenture report shows that if the company's raw material expenses account for 55% of the cost of selling products, every 1% reduction in procurement expenses can bring profit growth equivalent to 12% to 18% of sales. The application of digital procurement is a big boost for businesses, especially for important companies that are more sensitive to capital and cost.
From the perspective of the entire market, the 2019 China Electronics Information Industry Development Research Institute and the China International E-commerce Center report show that the market-oriented scale of digital procurement of Chinese enterprises has reached 590 billion yuan, an increase of 60% year-on-year, and the procurement scale is expected to exceed one trillion yuan by the end of 2020.
JD Enterprise Purchase is a one-stop procurement and service platform for small and medium-sized enterprises, which has brought together more than one million enterprise users, and the number of registered users in 2020 will increase by more than 90% year-on-year. The market penetration rate of JD.com's online procurement of all enterprises remained at about 60%, reflecting the good representation of JD.com's digital procurement in the whole industry.
From the perspective of industry composition, the scale of digital procurement of SMEs in the service industry is higher than that of other industries. From a geographical point of view, the digital procurement of smes in the eastern region is more active. However, from the trend point of view, the proportion of the eastern region is declining. In terms of provinces, Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang are the top provinces. In terms of category structure, the fastest year-on-year growth categories are industrial products, office furniture, automotive supplies, commercial digital and food and beverage.
Last year's epidemic brought a very big impact on the global economy, prompting smes to more and more transform online, seeking a more flexible and diverse digital supply chain capability to build, and still get a very good reflection on the data of digital procurement. In the first quarter of last year, the number of active users and turnover of small and medium-sized enterprises fell very significantly. After the second quarter, the recovery of turnover accelerated. By the third and fourth quarters, the number of active users still declined compared with the same period in 2019, and there was a more obvious recovery at the beginning of this year. Online procurement by SMEs also reflects the extent of the economic recovery.
Diversified services have become an important trend in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the most typical is the procurement of light capital, by transferring some of the pressure of operation to the procurement platform, in the form of renting and purchasing to reduce the capital investment of enterprises in operators. In the second quarter of 2021, the number of SME leasing users purchased by JD.com enterprises reached 170%, and information equipment such as computer equipment became the most popular category for asset-light procurement of small and medium-sized enterprises. Originally, it was more around the commodity as an important factor in the digital procurement of small and medium-sized enterprises, and now factors related to delivery services, ticket payments, and after-sales service have become an important influencing factor affecting the digital procurement of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Another very big trend is the digital development of large, medium, and small financing. In 2018, the state issued the "Three-year Action Plan for Promoting the Financing and Development of Large and Small Enterprises (2019-2021)". The rapid development of small and medium-sized enterprises has provided a rich innovation chain, supply chain and data chain return to large enterprises and large platforms such as JD.com, and the platform attaches great importance to opening resources to small and medium-sized enterprises and sharing some resources. Platforms such as JD.com can provide more convenient conditions for small and medium-sized enterprises to provide digital transformation in the future.
Fifth, the industrial Internet is the key to empowering the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises
Zhang Yu, director of the China Industrial Internet Research Institute, pointed out that China has always attached great importance to the innovative development of the industrial Internet, and since the second collective study of the Politburo of the Central Committee in 2017, the general secretary has made important instructions on the industrial Internet about 14 times. At the same time, the Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and there are currently about 337 documents of the State Council involving small and medium-sized enterprises, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has formed a 321 work system for small and medium-sized enterprises.
The digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises is mainly carried out in the cultivation of new formats, digital supply chains, investment and financing, and sharing of digital resources, focusing on relying on the industrial Internet. Since 2016, many ministries and commissions, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Cyberspace Administration of China, have continued to issue policies to promote small and medium-sized enterprises, including information development and digital transformation. The digital transformation policy for smes at the national level is constantly enhanced, and the foundation for the information development of SMEs is also constantly improving. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has implemented the SME Informatization Promotion Project for 15 consecutive years, combining the promotion of SME informatization with the industrial Internet innovation and development project, manufacturing double creation, artificial intelligence empowering SMEs and other actions, combined with the cultivation of specialized new small giant enterprises, small and micro enterprise entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration bases and SME public service demonstration platforms, etc., The current information development foundation of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is continuing to improve.
At present, there are about 1/3 of the world's unicorn companies from China, and these unicorn companies are active in the field of high technology and the Internet, and are keen on the research and development and application of digital technology. High-quality enterprises have a very large driving role in digital industrialization. For industrial digitalization, it should be gradually transitioned from the consumer Internet to the stage of industrial interconnection. The Industrial Internet has played an important technological leading role in promoting the development of more and more small and medium-sized enterprises, and has continuously empowered the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.
At present, the main driving force of China's industrial digitalization is the leading enterprises in traditional industries and leading enterprises in Internet technology at the core of the industrial chain, and these enterprises play a leading and exemplary role. However, it cannot be ignored that small and medium-sized enterprises, with a large number, innovation and activity, have always been the most competitive market front end of the whole industry chain. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises are the main battlefield of the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry and an important bearing force for promoting industrial digitalization. Through research in Shandong, Jiangsu, Hunan, Guangdong and Chongqing, the digital transformation of SMEs can be divided into three stages: start-up, implementation and in-depth application. At present, many small and medium-sized enterprises have begun to start their digital transformation, and their applications are also in the process of deepening. From the perspective of the entire leading echelon to carry out the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, the current leading echelon for the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises is the new small giant of specialization and the single champion of manufacturing. The digital transformation of national-level specialized new small giant enterprises, as well as the degree of digital transformation of single-item champion enterprises in the manufacturing industry, is better than that of provincial-level recognized enterprises, and is deeper than the overall transformation degree of enterprises that have not yet been identified.
At present, their information construction focuses on investing in hardware, and has less investment in solutions, with certain room for improvement. The shift from purchasing hardware products to purchasing software services and solution buyers is an important trend.
The Industrial Internet is the key to the digital transformation of SMEs. At present, there are certain obstacles between the supply side and the demand side of China, but through the industrial Internet, it is possible to connect demand to a series of links such as supply, design, finance, procurement, production, logistics, and services, so that data can flow without hindrance, through the precipitation of various digital industrial models, the application of digital technology and intelligent technology, and finally realize the intelligent transformation of various links. The industrial Internet is actually the comprehensive interconnection of the traditional man-machine-material all elements, the whole industry chain, and the whole value chain, and finally forms the application of "six modernizations", platform design, intelligent production, network collaboration, large-scale customization, service extension, and digital management. From the perspective of the functional system of the entire industrial Internet, the industrial Internet is based on the network, the platform is the hub, the security is the guarantee, and the data is the element, which constitutes a digital ecology. Starting from the supply side, the industrial Internet is guided by the main body of the integrated market, and gathers to the traditional production factors and the broken chain point of the manufacturing industry chain, so as to accelerate the process of promoting the advanced industrial base and the modernization of the industrial chain. The greatest value of the industrial Internet is to achieve the improvement of the efficiency of resource element matching.
For smEs, the Industrial Internet has lowered the threshold for the digital transformation of SMEs. The biggest problem for small and medium-sized enterprises to carry out digital transformation is their investment in costs, including capital costs and time costs, and the use of the industrial Internet, first of all, can reduce the cost of funds for small and medium-sized enterprises by reducing the cost of test operations, reducing the investment in supporting hardware and human resources, as well as data penetration and business collaboration. Secondly, the accelerated deployment of lightweight online services can reduce the cost of time realization time in all aspects of production and operation.
Based on the industrial Internet, it can stimulate the sharing economy, or a new model of the platform economy. Through the sharing of equipment, the sharing of production capacity, and the sharing of technology and services, SMEs have solved the problem of fully opening up idle resources and capabilities, and continuously promoted new growth momentum.
The main obstacles faced by SMEs in the process of digital transformation are as follows. First, the technical threshold is too high. The level of digitalization of small and medium-sized enterprises is not high, and most of the small and medium-sized enterprises that have carried out digital transformation are only in the stage of ability to go to the cloud, business to the cloud, and at most the cloud on the device. From the supply side, many of the digital upgrading services on the market at present provide general-purpose solutions, and small and medium-sized enterprises at different stages of the current digital transformation have different focus and different needs for transformation investment, and these solutions are currently unable to meet the individual needs of small and medium-sized enterprises. Second, the cost is too high. Digital transformation requires a certain amount of investment, is a long-term systematic project, and is not a single point to solve the problem. Digital transformation is slow, the risk is high, and the benefits are not obvious in the short term. Small and medium-sized enterprises have many concerns about investment in order to solve their own survival problems and development problems. Third, the lack of relevant talents. Most small and medium-sized enterprises do not have a training system for digital talent systems, and production, operation, and support management all lack the support of digital talents.
The current digital transformation of SMEs does not yet have a clear success model, and there are data risks. From the five aspects of supply and demand scale, industrial ecological environment construction, development foundation, model innovation and security, there should be the following promotion:
From the perspective of supply and demand, the supply side should cultivate a number of service providers for intelligent transformation and digital transformation, select a number of basic common industrial Apps, and collect and release a number of lightweight digital solutions. From the demand side, through intelligence, large enterprises take the lead in combining with the state to support, promote the creation of an online and offline integration of small and medium-sized enterprises of intelligent digital empowerment experience center, can be excellent small and medium-sized enterprise solutions and products to display, so as to carry out a popular publicity of small and medium-sized enterprise empowerment.
From the perspective of the environment, more benchmarks should be set, including increasing the leading role of pilot demonstration enterprises such as specialized special new, small giants, and manufacturing single champions. Local governments should provide operational monitoring for small and medium-sized enterprises, give play to the institutional role of industrial and regional national industrialization big data centers, and promote the development of monitoring and analysis platforms for regional and industrial small and medium-sized enterprise activities. At the same time, we will build a demonstration platform for public services for small and medium-sized enterprises for digital transformation.
From the perspective of consolidation, support for vocational skills training for employees should be strengthened. Strengthen the modern vocational education team system, encourage enterprises and schools to carry out intelligent transformation and digital transformation training platform construction, create a number of high-level vocational colleges and professions, and form a reserve echelon of digital transformation talents for small and medium-sized enterprises. We should build a kind of intelligent consulting team with universities, vocational colleges, financial institutions, etc. as the main body, and encourage enterprises to vigorously introduce digital talents.
From the perspective of innovation model, we should build a public service platform for the production and financing of small and medium-sized enterprises, establish an evaluation and evaluation mechanism and a risk early warning mechanism for the operation of enterprises, improve functions such as risk control models and credit ledgers, break through data barriers between government and enterprises, and strengthen the financial industry's financial support for the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises.
From a security perspective, it should be possible to enable digital transformation service providers to have the ability to provide security services, including the establishment of a whitelist system. We should make full use of the power of third-party organizations to create a public service platform for industrial Internet security for small and medium-sized enterprises. Security protection capabilities in key industries should be established, and the main responsibility for security should be implemented in key industries. The digital transformation of the security industry should be developed, and it is also necessary to strengthen the cultivation of security-type industries.
Sixth, digital finance "no self, no boundary, intangible" effective service to small and medium-sized enterprises
Director Du Weinan of the Network Finance Department of the Postal Savings Bank of China believes that the digital transformation of commercial banks has effectively promoted the financial services of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Serving small and medium-sized enterprises is the basic positioning of Postal Savings Bank, and in recent years, it has been giving strong support to small and medium-sized enterprises in financing and payment. The advanced model of Postal Savings Bank serving small and medium-sized enterprises can be summarized as "three noes", that is, selfless, boundless and intangible.
At present, the level of online financial services is very high, the penetration rate of mobile payment has reached 86%, and the departure rate of banks has reached 90%. Fintech has empowered and innovated traditional finance, built new scenarios, and effectively integrated data.
Small and micro enterprises have high financial risks, high costs, difficult management, and slow results. In response to these characteristics, fintech provides a very effective path to solve such problems. The five keywords of finance + technology: openness, intelligence, precision, trust and automation, help banks to better serve small and micro enterprises in the process of realizing digital transformation. "Selfless, boundless, intangible" is the form and model of financial institutions serving small and medium-sized enterprises in the future. Selfless representatives turn from product-centric to user-centric; borderless representatives break the boundaries of network time and space, financial services are everywhere, and online and offline integration. Intangible refers to the transformation of products from independent existence to embedded scenes and embedded in platforms.
To help small and micro enterprises improve financial services, first of all, no self, user-centric, to help customers achieve product design and product embedding mode according to their qualifications, risk levels, and element levels. The second is Wujie, which combines its own physical outlets with online personnel teams to carry out online and offline channel integration. Finally, it is intangible, embedding financial services into the concept of platform economy, and financial services embedded in the needs of the industrial chain to provide better services to small and medium-sized enterprises. Industrial interconnection, cutting-edge technology, and open cooperation are very good means to promote the upgrading of inclusive financial services. Banks are also actively moving towards digital transformation, relying on cutting-edge technologies such as cloud shifting and material intelligence to innovate their own service models, closer to small and medium-sized enterprises, so that they can feel the existence of financial services anytime and anywhere, understand customers through big data, match products for them, and enable finance to achieve a more inclusive concept.
VII. Strengthen platform supervision and prevent monopolies
Professor Yang Dong of the Law School of Chinese Min University combined the major projects of the National Social Science Foundation and the major projects of Beijing Municipality, and talked about three aspects of the platform economy and the sharing economy.
First, China's supervision of the platform economy is insufficient. As far as the comparison between China and the United States is concerned, from the perspective of the digital economy and the sharing economy, the gap between China and the digital economy in the United States in 2018 and 2019 has become smaller and smaller, but after the second half of 2020, the digital economy of Internet companies in the United States has developed rapidly, and China is relatively weak. For such a phenomenon, at present, some people believe that the gap between China and the United States is widening because China has over-regulated these platform companies, for example, the issue of ant listing and the anti-monopoly penalty against Ali. But such arguments and views have ulterior motives and are very wrong. The gap between China and the United States has widened, not because of the supervision of the past year, from the perspective of China's more than 20 years of Internet development history, especially the history of competition, from the perspective of anti-monopoly competition supervision, China's excessive relaxation of Internet enterprises, lack of supervision, administrative law enforcement, and judicial deficiencies are the root causes of the widening of the digital economy gap between China and the United States. After the promulgation of the Anti-Monopoly Law, the judgments in some cases are still controversial. For example, 360 v. Tencent QQ, from 2010 to 2014, the Supreme People's Court's judgment ultimately did not determine Tencent's monopoly. This case is controversial worldwide. It shows that China's market monopoly behavior of QQ digital platforms and social platforms lacks an effective theoretical basis, still based on anti-monopoly theories and laws in the industrial age, and has not been judged according to the new theoretical framework of the digital age, so it has led to a lack of effective supervision of the monopoly behavior of social platforms, which in turn has led to the elimination of all social platforms in the past decade, insufficient innovation, and insufficient competitiveness. The huge traffic provided by social platforms leads to the disorderly expansion of capital, which is expanded by the acquisition of enterprises, and the traffic of social platforms is diverted to the acquired enterprises. The expansion of capital has led to an exclusive monopoly on traffic. The social platform is the only one, and the huge traffic brought by the huge traffic, blocking and blocking will also have a significant impact on the development of Beijing's digital industry cluster. This shows that if the Anti-Monopoly Law is not implemented effectively, it will have a very large impact on the industrial cluster of a region.
Second, the current M&A review of the Anti-Monopoly Law is insufficient. Especially since 2014, the wave of Internet enterprise mergers has been repeated, but the Anti-Monopoly Bureau of the Ministry of Commerce has been relatively lacking in supervision of Internet enterprise mergers and acquisitions. Mergers of Internet companies do not need to be declared, resulting in disorderly expansion of mergers and acquisitions. The disorderly expansion of capital is not unrelated to the ineffective enforcement of the Anti-Monopoly Law and the inaction of the executive branch. In 2020, the Anti-Monopoly Bureau punished Ali's binary choice, and recently banned the merger of Tencent Music, Douyin, and Huya, which reflects the current strengthening of anti-monopoly law enforcement. The poor implementation of platform monopoly behavior and competition policies and anti-monopoly policies is a major reason for the widening gap between china and the United States in the digital economy and platform economy.
Third, in order to protect small and medium-sized enterprises and protect innovation, it is necessary to strengthen anti-monopoly review and strengthen the implementation of competition policies. The high fines imposed on Amazon, Google, and Apple in many countries and regions such as the European Union have set a very good example. In the past six months, China has intensified its censorship and punishment of these platform companies. The exclusive monopoly position of social platforms in the past decade or two may be more serious than the monopoly of e-commerce. E-commerce still has competitors, and social platforms are dominant. For such a platform, from the perspective of protecting small and medium-sized enterprises and protecting innovation, it is necessary to strengthen the control and governance of "one core and three governance": one core is supervision, everything is supervision as the core, and three governance is subject governance, behavior governance, and object governance. Construct a concept and model of "one core and three governance", including platform governance, data governance, behavior governance, competition, anti-monopoly, and then enhance the government's regulatory capabilities.
("The original report is available for download)
Source: Policy Brief of the National Development Institute
WeChat Editor: Tu Cheng
Renmin University development institute is a new type of university think tank with Chinese characteristics built by Chinese University with the strength of the whole university, and the current chairman is Professor Jin Nuo, secretary of the party committee of the school, and the dean and chief expert is Professor Liu Wei, president. In 2015, it was selected as the first batch of "National High-end Think Tank" construction pilot units in China, and was selected as one of the top 100 think tanks in the world, and ranked first in the "Top 100 Chinese University Think Tank Institutions Ranking" at the beginning of 2018. In 2019, it was selected as the first-grade echelon in the comprehensive evaluation of national high-end think tanks, and was the only university think tank selected for the first-grade echelon.
The National Development Institute of the People's Republic of China actively builds a high-end think tank platform with "new platform, large network, interdisciplinary and overlapping, promoting innovation and high output". Focusing on the four major research areas of economic governance and economic development, political governance and rule of law construction, social governance and social innovation, public diplomacy and international relations, it has brought together the high-quality resources of first-class disciplines in the university, and has achieved remarkable results in infrastructure construction, decision-making consultation, public diplomacy, theoretical innovation, public opinion guidance and internal governance. With the goal of "the leader of the new type of university think tank with Chinese characteristics", the National Development Institute of the People's Republic of China takes root in the land of China, adheres to the national strategy, adheres to the mission of the times, and is committed to building itself into a "world-class university think tank that understands China best".