When it comes to Norwegian writers, I believe that most people's first reaction is Ibsen. Ibsen was known for his plays and had a huge influence in China. Henrik Ibsen is known as the "father of modern theatre" in the world. His representative works include "Pierre Gunter", "Doll's House", "Ghosts", "Enemy of the People", "Haida Gabouler" and so on. In these works, Ibsen reminds people, especially women, that consciousness and autonomous thinking as individuals are more important than social demands on morality. Thus contributed to a revolution in people's perceptions and behaviors. This revolution also had an impact on China in the 1954 period that cannot be underestimated. On June 15, 1918, Hu Shi and other Chinese cultural elites issued the "Ibsen Special Number" in the 4th volume of "New Youth", and "Ibsenism" did not go away, and Ibsen immediately became the most influential foreign writer in the cultural world. The response to its doctrine included Lu Xun's speech essay "What Happens After Nala Left" a few years later.
Ibsen was born on 20 March 1828 in Sheehan, Norway, 100 miles off the coast to the south, in a wild place where wolves and leprosy were still common. Ibsen was the eldest of 5 children (4 boys and 1 woman) in a merchant family, and at the age of 6, his father went bankrupt. Families are often in debt and feed mainly on potatoes. Ibsen himself was short and ugly, and in addition, his upbringing has been shrouded in rumors of illegitimate children. After a humiliating childhood, he was sent to a gloomy harbor town called Grimsda to apprentice in a pharmacy. He had returned only once since leaving home in 1843, and had never seen his family again except for his two siblings.
In 1846, at the age of 18, Ibsen gave birth to a boy, Hans Jacob Henrikson, with a maid hired there 10 years his senior, Els Sophie Kingstaat. The girl came from a family of reputable free farmers, and after giving birth to the child, she never expected anything from the child's father. However, under Norwegian law and the decrees of the local councils, Ibsen had to pay maintenance until Jacob was 14 years old. But Ibsen never asked about their lives, did not pay for the excesses, and the boy later became a blacksmith until Sophie Kingstadt was blinded and died desolation. This illegitimate son, whose face resembled Ibsen's, sought his father's help when his life was too much to live. Ibsen was so stunned by the "exact same" person in front of him that he had to admit that it was his own child. Ibsen took out 5 CZKs and threw them at Jacob, saying to him, "This is for your mother, it is enough for you!" Since then, the father and son have never seen each other again. Jacob was by no means a rude man, having read a great deal of books, especially historical works and travelogues, and he was a skilled violin maker.
In 1849, Ibsen's luck was still poor, and he eventually went bankrupt due to the long-term mismanagement of his master. However, during this time he wrote his first play, Katarina. He began teaching himself university courses in 1850. From then on, and many years afterwards, his life was extremely poor. He has written poetry, rhymeless poetry, drama reviews, and political commentaries. From the 1850s he began his theatrical career, working as a director and producer in Bergen and Christiania. His earliest screenplay, the satire The Norman, failed. The first poetic tragedy to be staged, Katilion, failed. The second "Night of St. John", which was put on the stage, was also unlucky. The third play, Tomb of the Warriors, was lost in Bergen. The fourth, the prose-style play "Madame Inger of Estero," was also performed anonymously, but it also failed.
In Bergen, where he worked as a director and resident playwright for Norwegian theatres, audiences didn't care much about artistic value, they just wanted to be entertained. On Sundays, they bring their pets to the theater and pack lunches to watch the latest French cabaret comedies or light romances. As de Figledo points out, "This means that the development of the Norwegian National Theatre took place against the backdrop of chatter, laughter, boos, the sound of people eating and the barking of dogs." There, he struggled to make ends meet, drank heavily, and was heavily indebted, which plagued him for years to come.
In the autumn of 1851 he composed a prelude for the Bergen Theatre, which was acquired by the theater's founder, the famous violinist Ole Bergen. Boole's appreciation, he was hired as a boarding playwright, also worked as a choreographer, and agreed to write a new script every year. In 1852 he was sent to visit theaters in Denmark and Germany. He wrote plays at the Bergen Theatre on Midsummer Nights (1853), Tomb of the Warriors (1854), Madame Inger of Österro (1855), The Banquet of Sorhaug (1856) and Olaf. Lillekron (1857). During this period, Ibsen participated in the choreography of no less than 145 plays. His practical experience in theatrical creation is comparable to Shakespeare and Molière.
In 1858, he married Suzanne Torreson, and the following year Suzanne gave birth to their only child, Siged. Because of their precarious financial situation, the family moved frequently, living in a room surrounded by ventilation or in a cramped, leaky apartment. More than once, he was seen ragged, drunk, and staggering through the town. He became the kind of person who crossed the street and avoided it. Ibsen's early years were frustrated and frustrated, his plays were repeatedly frustrated, and it was only after the large-scale poem "Blander" that he reached the peak of his artistic career; the publication of "Blonde" caused a fierce debate, not only in Norway, but also throughout Scandinavia, Ibsen was seen for the first time as a leader in rebellion against orthodoxy; he surpassed the small, foreign-affiliated Norway. The passion, anger, hatred, but mainly interest he aroused were enormous and extended from Scandinavia to vast other regions.
In the last 10 years of his life, the apprentice became the most famous figure in Scandinavia. He, along with Tolstoy of Russia, is generally regarded as the greatest living writer and prophet. Ibsen was passionate about medals and medals throughout his life. It is said that as early as 1878, when he attended a club dinner, he was draped with all the medals, one of which was wrapped around his neck like a dog collar. His daily appearance in the café of the Grant Hotel became a spectacle of the capital. In the last years of his life, despite experiencing one heart attack and three strokes that paralyzed his right side, he wanted to write more. He wrote in 1900: "I don't know how to stay away from those old battlefields for a long time. A year before his death in 1906, he shouted in his sleep, "I'm writing!" Everything went smoothly! ”