Growing up
Liu Zhen could read poetry at the age of five, and at the age of eight, he could recite the Analects and the Book of Poetry, giving tens of thousands of words. Because of his excellent memory and quick response to debates, he is called a prodigy by everyone. Later, he was conquered by Cao Cao, and served as a subordinate of Xiang Xiang(丞相掾), Marquis Shuzi of Pingyuan (平原侯庶子), and General of the Five Senses(五官將文). (Taiping Imperial Records, vol. 385, cites the Biography of the Scribes) In 197 AD, to avoid military turmoil, eleven-year-old Liu Zhen hid with his mother and brother in Xuchang and met Cao Zijian in the inn. Cao Zhi was impressed by Liu Zhen's full learning, and in order to further deepen his intimate friendship, he was led to the Chao Xiang Mansion, where he interpreted the text day and night, and was like-minded and had a relationship with each other day by day. Later, he became acquainted with Kong Rong and other five other students, who often gathered on their studies and "stood on their feet and galloped together, so as to obey each other." When he became an adult, Liu Zhen hoped to meet Ming Jun and exert his political ambitions. However, at the end of the Han Dynasty, politics was extremely corrupt and dark, the social crisis was deep, and after the rulers suppressed the Yellow Turban Rebellion, warlords in various places dominated the territory, and China fell into division and turmoil. According to Cao Cao in northern China, he was more politically enlightened, meritocratic, and a literary scholar. This made people with lofty ideals who longed for China's reunification and had the ambition to save the world, such as Wang Cang of Shanyang, Xu Gan of Beihai, Chen Liu Ruanyu, Runan Yingyue, and Liu Zhen, rushed from all directions to Yicheng under Cao Cao' rule, and for a time talent gathered to form a literary group headed by Cao's father and son, and because most of their poems described the social reality of the turmoil at the end of the Han Dynasty, expressed the pride of reunification and governance, generous and courageous, sad and heroic, thus forming a "Jian'an style bone", which had a profound impact on the development of literature in later generations. Liu Zhen was an important member of the Jian'an Literature Group and had close ties to the Cao clan. In the poem, he compares Cao Cao to Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao who was rich and unified In China, and compares Cao's acquaintance to the Xin Lingjun of corporal Li Xian, see "Four Songs of the General of the Five Senses". He pinned his hopes for a unified China on Cao Cao. At the beginning of his surrender to Cao Cao, he was appointed as a subordinate of Cheng Xiang (丞相掾), followed Cao Cao's southern expedition to the north, and staffed military aircraft.
Assisted by Cao Pi
After the sixteenth year of Jian'an (211), he was appointed marquis of Pingyuan Cao Zhishuzi, and soon after he was changed to the general of the Five Senses Zhonglang Literature, accompanied by Cao Pi. Judging from the existing poems, he had a close relationship with Cao Pi, and the Cao Pi brothers were also regarded as relatives, and their poetry and wine were often informal. Cao Pi once gave a special ribbon to show his affection, and thus left a wonderful article (in the "Dictionary"). However, Liu Zhen is arrogant and informal. Once Cao Pi invited all the literature to a banquet, drunk and unsympathetic, ordered Lady Zhen to worship, and everyone in the middle of the seat crouched on the ground, did not dare to look up, and Liu Zhen did not shy away from it. Cao Pi did not mind this, and when Cao Cao heard about it, he wanted to punish him with disrespect. After rescue, he "reduced his death and lost his work", punished him with hard labor, and was never reused again for life. This was naturally an extremely heavy blow to Liu Zhen, and his painful mood was revealed in the poem "Gift to Xu Gan". In the twenty-second year of Jian'an (217), the plague epidemic in the north was epidemic, and Liu Zhen fell ill and died. Cao Pi was extremely sad about this, and sorted out his posthumous writings for him, made evaluations, and recalled the intimate exchanges of the past days of "even public opinion, stop at the banquet" and "drinking in the ears and heating up, relying on and giving poetry", and mourned (see "Book with Wu Qian"). His writings during his lifetime include ten volumes of Mao's Poetic Words and four volumes of anthologies. Later generations have "Liu Gonggan Collection" passed down.
Character achievements
literature
Liu Zhen's works are imposing, the artistic conception is steep, not fake carving and quite high style. He and Wang Cang were jointly known as "King Liu". In the Qing Dynasty, Liu Xizai said that "Gong Hui Qi wins, Zhongxuan wins love" ("Art Outline and Poetry"), which reveals the respective strengths of the two from the contrast. The world calls him "Cao Liu" together with Cao Zhi, which is also from the perspective of temperament. Concentrated on his style is the three poems of "Gifted from The Brother", which is the lyric poet's heart and ambition, with a sad and generous, high-style and trans-customs atmosphere. The second of them: "Pine on the mountain of Tingting, stroke in the Valley of the Cesare." The sound of the wind is strong, and the pine branches are strong. Frost is miserable, and it is often correct throughout the ages. Isn't it cold, pine cypress has nature. "It's especially acclaimed. The weakness of Liu Zhen's creation is that the rhetoric is not rich enough, so Chung Rong said in "Poetry" that he was "angry with his text, carved and hated less". He and Wang Yue each have a "Great Summer Gift", and the difference in literary style is obvious. In the same face of turbulent society and bumpy life, he is more about expressing personal indignation and injustice, so his works are always full of generosity and arrogance. As he himself said, the stricter the persecution of wind and frost, the more it can reflect the strong and upright nature of pine cypress. This spirit and spirit have created Liu Zhen's handsome and strange style of poetry. However, Liu Zhen's literary attainments are extraordinary, and the five-character poems are especially respected by the sons, and there are only 15 poems that exist today. The "Collection of Poetry Appreciation of the Six Dynasties of Han and Wei" commented on his poems as: "Si Jian Gong Yuan, with its unique freshness and rigidity, is appreciated by people. Not only is it beautiful in the world, but it is always new and can be a model behind it. Most of his poems are set against the backdrop of magnificent mountains and rivers, lyrically through scenery, and a few are rewarded. The poem "Gift to Xu Gan" was rated by Zhong Rong as "Five Words of Police Strategy". The three poems of "Gifting From The Brother" are the works of his poems, and the second one is the best of the three, the poem is: "Pine on the Tingting Mountain, Stroke in the Cersei Valley, The Sound of the Wind Is He Sheng, And The Pine Branch is He Jin." The frost is miserable, and the age is always correct, and it is not cold, and the pine cypress has its nature. Zhong Rong's "Preface to Poetry" says: "Father and son of Cao Gong, Du Hao Swen; The Pingyuan brother Yu is Wen Dong, and Liu Zhen and Wang Yue are his wings. It can be seen that Liu Zhen's contribution to literary creation is great. His most famous futurgs are "Lu Du Fu", "Li Shan Yang Fu", "Sui Zhi Fu", "Gua Fu", "Great Summer Fu", "Qing Shu Fu" and so on. His Fuwen style is unique, "active in the Xuanshi, proofread in the world, into the Imperial Endowment of a thousand more than a thousand songs" "Wenxin Carved Dragon Commentary". He changed the worldliness of whitewashing Taiping, with fresh tone, skillful skills, simple and accurate language, and the atmosphere of combining ancient and modern times, describing the customs and customs of his hometown and the beautiful natural scenery. Ridiculing current events and lyrical chants, the content of Han Fu was transformed from the court to society, from the emperor to the commoner. The length of the article shifted from a long macro system to a short and concise essence, which set a precedent for the future development of literature.
The eloquent Liu Zhen is not only outstanding in literary talent, but also known for his astute and eloquent talent. Cao Pi gave Liu Zhen a Kouluo belt when he was in the fifth sense, and when he wanted to get it back, he sent a letter of paper and joked: "Husbands and things are expensive because of people, so they are in the hands of the untouchables, not on the side of the royal respect." Although it is taken now, do not think that it is not the opposite. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Liu Zhen saw it and understood that Emperor Wen was laughing at his inferior status, not wearing a kolo belt that symbolized honor, and wanted to take back the original gift. However, Liu Zhen did not bend his back and insisted on not making it over, and at a meeting with Wentang, he repeated the old matter: "Under the Jingshan Mountain, Wang Buguang died after bao; The Pearl of the Sui Marquis, the good of the candles; The Gold of the Southern Circle, the Head of the Climbing Dragon; The tail of the phoenix, the tail of the courtier. This treasure returner, under the stone of decay, is submerged in the sludge, and above the thousand years of light, except for the past, they have not been able to first connect themselves to the Supreme Being. Obeyed by His Holiness, cultivated by the lowly; The nobles are royal, and the untouchables are the first. Therefore, the summer house is first formed and the master is the first to stand under it, the jiahe is ripe and the farmer tastes its grain first. Hate Zhen has no other wonderful ornaments, bitter and precious, and Shang Ke Na also. And those who have not yet listened to the Supreme Gift and have rebelled against it. Cao Pi listened to Liu Zhen's wonderful remarks and admired them very much, not only admiring his erudition and good metaphors, but also admiring his mouth like a river, not humble or profane, depreciating in the derogatory, and degrading the eloquent talents in the middle, thus abandoning the idea of asking for the belt. There are many examples of Liu Zhen's eloquent arguments, and his eloquence is like a victory weapon, sometimes turning danger into destruction, sometimes encountering rebellion into smoothness, and sometimes when it is dark, it is bright. Once, Liu Zhen was punished as a coolie for "disrespect" and ground stone at the West Stone Factory in Jingluo. Cao Cao, the king of Wei, inspected the stone factory, and all the officials and coolies were creeping on the ground and did not dare to look up. Only Liu Zhen did not kneel and worked as usual. Cao Cao walked angrily to Liu Zhen, and Liu Zhen put down his hammer and said, "King Xiongcai of Wei is known to the whole world, and Liu Zhen, as a coolie, dare to despise King Zun." However, in the wei king's palace for several years, often heard the teachings of the king of Wei, do everything as he can, when things are successful, the king is happy, and if things are defeated, the king is also humiliated, Zhen is now a coolie, specializing in stone materials, and studying stones is a loyalty to the king of Wei, so Zhen does not dare to quit his work. After hearing this, King Wei asked, "What is Shi Ruo?" Liu Zhen replied: "Stone" comes from the top of the Cliff of Jingshan Mountain, with a five-colored chapter on the outside, which contains the treasures of the Bian clan. Grinding does not add ying, carving does not add text, temperament is firm and chaste to receive nature, take care of its reasoning, and bend in vain and cannot be declared. Cao Cao learned that Liu Zhen had borrowed a stone to make a metaphor for himself, so he pardoned him, but he never used it again. Since he was a child, Liu Zhen has been educated by The Confucian "Benevolence, Righteousness, Wisdom and Faith", and knows that to be a man, he must be loyal and honest, hate misdeeds the most, and hate people who have no faith. One night, Cao Pi, the prince of Wei, set up a banquet to entertain the soldiers, and the wine was hot, and Cao Pi ordered Zhen to come out of the hall to meet with everyone. Liu Zhen was indignant, first, because Cao Pi had taken Yuan Xi's wife Zhen, and second, because Zhen had a husband who was unfaithful and unchaste in remarrying. Liu Zhen stood without kneeling, and was full of ridicule and disdain. Cao Pi was furious and wanted to ask Liu Zhen about the death penalty, but due to the intercession of the crowd and Cao Cao's intervention, he was spared death, thrown into prison, and punished as a coolie. In his labor, he entrusted himself with self-metaphor and wrote "Sui ZhiFu". After pardon, he became an official. Liu Zhen's great achievements in literature, eloquent skills and dedication to his loyal friends have won the praise of posterity.
Poetry for its achievements
Mainly in poetry, it can be divided into two categories, one is gift poems, and the other is amusement poems. Among the gift poems, the most famous are the three poems of "Gifting from The Brother", which use apples, pine trees, and phoenixes as metaphors to express the character of firmness and purity. Amusement poems include "Banquet Poems", "Cockfighting Poems", "Shooting Iris Poems" and so on.
Anecdotal allusions
Liu Zhen, a famous writer and poet of the Eastern Han Dynasty, one of the seven sons of Jian'an, is known for his five-character poems. Shao was friendly with Wang Yue, and was later recruited by Cao Cao along with Ying Yue to serve as a subordinate of the city and the countryside. Most of his poems are lost. There are fifteen poems in existence, most of which are works of gifts. The Ming Dynasty has "Liu Gong Hui Ji". In the history of Wei and Jin literature, he was known as the "Seven Sons of Jian'an" together with Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Cang, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, and Ying Yue, and was also known as the "Seven Sons of Yizhong" because of his cohabitation in Yizhong (Linzhang County, Henan Province). Liu Zhen often composed poems with Cao Cao and Cao Zhi, and sang about wine, which was deeply loved by Cao's father and son, and at the age of 19, he was appointed as a member of the genus Cheng Xiang. He is known for his poetry, his five-word poems are quite famous, his writing is quick and quick, yu Cao Zhi is equally famous, posterity will call him and Cao Zhi and "Cao Liu", Zhong Zhongwei called him "the crown of five words", "the saint of articles", indeed the best of the "seven sons of Jian'an".
Creative features
Unlike Wang Cang, Liu Zhen's style is "strong but not dense" (Cao Pi's Treatise on Classics). Liu Zhen's poems are purely victorious with momentum, whether it is lyrical or chanting, whether it is writing landscapes or birds, they all show their unending and vigorous spirit, Yuan Hao asked "On poetry and absolute sentences" said: "Cao Liu sits on the tiger and is full of wind, and there are no horns and two males in the four seas." "Just appreciate his grandeur." "Banquet Poems" uses gorgeous poetry to write about the beauty of landscapes and the joy of traveling. "Cockfighting Poems" is a work of cockfighting entertainment, which has no deep meaning, but he can convey the spirit of cockfighting in extremely concise language, which also reflects the author's heroic and uninhibited character. The three poems "Gifting Brother" use apples, pine trees, and phoenixes as metaphors for the virtuous and noble character, which is not only a praise for his brother, but also a self-portrayal of the poet. Liu Lu said: "The first words of the apple algae can be used for shame, the second words of the pine cypress can hold the firmness of discipline, and the last chapter is repeated with the yi feng period, the deeper its hope is, the heavier it is." (Selected Poems Supplement, Vol. II) The second of these is the best. Liu Zhen's prose, Liu Xun believes that "beautiful and regular benefits", "if slightly taken from the name, there is no beauty than poetry." ("Wenxin Carved Dragon Secretary"), such as the poem "Gift to Xu Gan", with the spring scenery of the West Garden, reflecting the feelings of obedience, "the pen is elegant" (Chen Zuoming's "Selected Ancient Poems of Cai Shu Tang"), the words and sentences are beautiful, written with gentle and heartfelt feelings, poignant and moving, quite the rhyme of "Nineteen Ancient Poems". Very few of his prose has survived, and only three of his essays have survived: the Book of He Cao Zhi (in the Taiping Imperial Records, vol. 739), the Book of Cao Zhi (in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Zhi, and Xing Yi), and the Book of The Book of The Book of The Borrowed Belt of Prince Pi of Wei (in the Dictionary). The first two are mutilated, but the latter is more complete and humorous, which is quite readable.
Character evaluation
Liu Zhen is an important member of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an" and one of the representative writers of "Jian'an Literature", and is known as the "Saint of Articles". However, the academic research on him seems to be slightly weak, and there are some unreasonable points. Based on Liu Zhen's few existing works, the artistic characteristics of his poetry are analyzed in three aspects: high style, rich in emotion, and poignant artistic conception. Liu Zhen had a poetic name at that time. Zhong Rong said of him: "Qi qi loves qi, and moves a lot. Chastity and frost, high style and cross-customs. Zhong Rong's "Poetry" said: "But the anger is more than the text, and the carving is less hateful." However, since Chen Si was below, Zhen was called a solo step. The Wei Emperor Cao Pi said in his Treatise on Classics that Liu Zhen and Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Cang, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, and Ying Yue were seven sons: "Yu Xue has left nothing to be done, and yu has nothing to say." Xian repaid himself with a thousand miles. He also praised him for being "a good man of his five-word poems, a wonderful man of the time" ("The Book of Wu Zhi"), who was easy to use and good at Bixing. The "Canon" says: "The prince tasted all the literature, sat drunk and rejoiced, ordered His wife Zhen to worship, sat in the middle of the crowd, and Zhen Du looked down." Taizu heard about it and received Zhen zhen and went to prison. ”