Zhongyuan Purdue July and a half
Burn incense with candles and ask the heavens
Remembrance summons ancestors
Hundred ghosts nocturnal release river lights
Today, Geography Jun takes everyone around
Those luxurious and mysterious mausoleums in Chinese history
- Imperial Tomb
Ling, is the meaning of the great earth mountain
In the middle of the Warring States period, in order to show the supremacy of the king's power
The tomb of the king is as high as a mountain mausoleum
afterward
Mausoleum, used to call "the tomb of the emperor"
It has the meaning of "dedicated ascension channel (place)"
The magnificent imperial tombs are like history books
It writes about the prosperity of each dynasty and the withering of the last days
Emperors have done their deeds, and dynasties have risen and fallen
All are buried in
One after another, the treasure mountain where the pine cover is evergreen and the emperor is buried
The glory and turmoil of the past have come to an end here
Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor
"Ancient, Yellow Emperor Collapse, Burial Bridge Mountain"
Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor lived until he was 110 years old
Ascend to heaven on a dragon sent by the Emperor of Heaven to meet him
The people sent tears to each other and buried their remaining clothes on Qiaoshan Mountain
This is the Tomb of the Yellow Emperor, which is known as the "first mausoleum in the world"
Over here
The vast northern Shaanxi Plateau
Surrounded by the Yellow River rolling westward
It is like the cradle of the "Mother River"
It's this huge loess cradle.
It has given birth to the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation
This can also be deduced
Why many places over the years
They are all vying for the glory of the "ancestral homeland"
And the laurel of the "Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum"
It is always worn on the head of Huangling County, which is located in northern Shaanxi
-- This place was formerly called "Central", which shows the importance of its status
In 1961
The Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum is listed by the State Council
The first batch of national key cultural relics protection units
It ranks first in the category of ancient tombs
Located in Hebei Province, China's largest altar, the Chinese Hefu Altar
Giant sculpture of Kowloon soaring
Photo by Dong Guijun, from Chinese Heritage, October 2018
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin was the first imperial mausoleum in Chinese history
Its huge scale, rich funerary objects
It is the first of the imperial tombs of previous dynasties
It pioneered the system of combining mausoleums and beds
It effectively influenced the imperial tomb system for two thousand years in the future
Archaeological finds
The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin is in the tomb of an ancient Chinese emperor
It occupies a particularly important position
It is an important window for the world to understand the splendid and brilliant civilization of ancient China
December 1987
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit
Inscribed on the World Heritage List
◎ Huge cemetery and "insignificant" terracotta pit Located in the northern foothills of Lishan Mountain, the Qin Shi Huang Cemetery covers an area of about 56 square kilometers, equivalent to nearly 78 Forbidden Cities. The Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit with a total area of 20,000 square meters and the stone armor pit of more than 13,000 square meters are "insignificant" compared with the entire cemetery. (From China National Geographic, June 2005)
From the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, the Sealed Earth,
Buildings, city walls, funerary pits, etc
The omnipresent concept of the emperor can be seen
Its design concept embodies Qin Shi Huang personally
Confidence and pride in the centralized system under the imperial power
The most important thing about it is
The expression of the imperial concept that transcends the emperor's desire for personal life
And this view of life and death that integrates one's own destiny with imperial rule
It is also found only in the tombs of the Emperors of the Qin and Western Han Dynasties
According to Sima Qian's "Records of History"
The mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang was built through the three springs
Full of luxury and luxury funerary goods
There is a sea of hundreds of rivers represented by mercury
There are crossbow arrows to prevent tomb robbery
The roof of the palace is decorated with the image of astronomical stars
Above ground simulates the territory of unified China
There are also long lanterns made of whale oil
Illuminated the entire dungeon, enduring...
More than two thousand years
Deep underground, the mausoleum chamber of Qin Shi Huang
It has become one of the biggest mysteries in Chinese history and culture
◎ The height of the Qin Tomb sealing soil in the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Sealing Land Plan is 115 meters, although affected by the late Qin War, the sealing soil is not piled to the height of the design, but there are also more than 50 meters, covering an area of nearly 250,000 square meters, which is the most ancient Chinese sealing tomb, and its symbolic significance will undoubtedly make the prestige of the imperial emperor famous. Archaeologists speculate that the underground palace is located below the middle of the sealed mound. The burial chamber is located in the middle of the underground palace, about 80 meters long from east to west, about 50 meters wide from north to south, and the main body has not yet completely collapsed. The height of the space inside the tomb is about 15 meters. (Photo by Xia Juxian, from China National Geographic, June 2005)
Qianling
The Tang Dynasty experienced 21 emperors
Except for the last two emperors (Emperor Zhaozong Li Ye and Emperor Li Yi).
All are buried in the northern part of the Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi
There are 18 mausoleums in total
Centered on the ancient capital of Xi'an
It starts from the tomb of Emperor Xuanzong Li Longji in the east and ends with the tomb of Emperor Gaozong Li Zhiqian in the west
At a scale of more than 150 kilometers
The Tang Tombs are lined up in a diagonal line
In addition, there are also distributions
Li Yuan's grandfather Li Hu's Yongkang Mausoleum, and his father Li Xun's Xingning Mausoleum
As well as hundreds of other clan chambers and burial tombs of Xun Gui
It constitutes an extremely large group of Tang Dynasty mausoleums
Since the beginning of Emperor Taizong of Tang, the emperors of the Tang Dynasty have mostly used mountains as mausoleums
Among them, Qianling is the most typical
Under the main peak of Liangshan, located northwest of Xi'an
Buried Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and The Great Zhou Female Emperor Wu Zetian
Numerous stone statues and tall figures of the north peak of Liangshan
Together, they constitute the majestic momentum of Qianling
Qianling is an important milestone in the history of Chinese imperial tombs
It not only became a model for later emperors to emulate
Also because of the legendary lives of its two masters
And it was overshadowed with mystery
◎ Three mountains, one scenery and one beauty
Qianling's momentum is the most powerful than the Eighteen Tombs of the Tang Dynasty, and the first beauty lies in the shape of victory - it sits on three peaks and is cleverly designed by using the terrain, just like a sleeping beauty with her head resting on the north peak of Liangshan Mountain, her feet on the water, and lying on the earth. In the picture, you can see the three peaks of Qianling Liangshan, the north peak is where the mausoleum underground palace is located, and the south two peaks are each standing on a gap. (Photo by Zhang Yongfeng, from Chinese Heritage, April 2021)
In the tombs of Chinese emperors
Qianling is the most special one
It is a cave in the mountains, with a grand scale and a rich collection
A man and a woman, two emperors of the two dynasties, buried in one room
And for more than a thousand years, the original seal has not moved
This is also extremely rare in the world
According to archaeologists to Qianling below the main peak
Local detection of vertical dungeons
as well as excavations of funerary tombs near Qianling
Experts speculate on the structure of the Qianling tomb chamber
It is composed of cemetery passages, caves, patios, front and back passages
as well as left and right palace composition
On the left lies Tang Gaozong, and on the right lies Wu Zetian
On each side of the front and rear passages, there are four more stone caves
The cave was filled with the most valuable treasures of the Tang Dynasty
Due to the completeness of the Qianling Tomb Road
No new caves have been found
Many experts believe that Qianling is the Eighteenth Tomb of the Tang Dynasty
The only mausoleum that has not been stolen and excavated
◎ Reversing Qiankun but without saying tang Gaozong Li Zhiren buried Qianling, Wu Zetian personally wrote an inscription praising Gaozong's merits of more than 5600 words, written by Emperor Zhongzong Li Xian, known as the Shusheng Monument. Before qianling, there were no tree stele in front of the imperial tomb, and there was no epitaph in the tomb, it was Qianling, or Wu Zetian, who broke this convention and became a model for future generations. Wu Zetian's last words went to the emperor's name, buried Qianling, and at the same time erected a wordless monument that was unparalleled in the world, implying that morality was high and respected, and it was impossible to write? Or will the merits of the will be commented upon by posterity? Everyone has their own opinion, and it's wonderful. The picture shows the round head of the stele, and the head of the stele is entangled with dragons. (Photo by Mi Li, from Chinese Heritage, April 2021)
Ming Changling
"The majesty of the mountain, the spring is full of moon;
The mountain's qi is thick, and Mu Zhihua is also angry."
The Ming Tombs integrated architecture into heaven, earth, mountains and rivers
Infiltrate and blend the real world and the spiritual world
In 2003, the Ming Tombs Special Zone in Beijing
Did a serious self-assessment:
It is the creative achievement of an era
A witness to a civilization that is dying
The art of a group of buildings, the art of monuments
A wonderful specimen of the combination of a building and a landscape
An outstanding example of a place of traditional human use
……
This rating is almost
with the United Nations World Heritage Committee
The criteria for applying for World Heritage are fully aligned
And according to the regulations
Only one of these criteria needs to be met to apply for a will
The Ming Tombs successfully applied for the relic without suspense
◎ The Ming Tombs in the ancient map in this full map of the Ming Tombs painted during the Qing Guangxu period not only marks the feng shui auspicious land of the thirteen cemeteries and the life of the master, but also the surrounding concubine tombs, sacred roads and various sacrificial buildings, temples, and even mausoleum walls and checkpoints. At that time, the Ming Tombs were isolated from the world, like a magnificent and quiet Valley of kings. (Pictured from Chinese Heritage, May 2013)
Changling – the center of the Ming Tombs
In the Tianshou Mountain Mausoleum area
Twelve mausoleums outside changling
They are all laid out around Changling
Except for the Ming Tombs in Nanjing
Changling is the largest mausoleum in the Ming Tombs
That year
Each of the Ming Tombs has an imposing hall
------------------
It is used for ritual sacrifices held during the Gurudwara period
The Changling Temple of Grace is the only one that remains today
The grandeur of the imperial tombs of the past is undoubtedly revealed
The golden silk and nan wood pillars in the hall are all ancient and strange materials
It is incorruptible and mothless, and the wood has a fragrant scent
Even the three halls of the Forbidden City, which were rebuilt in the kangxi year of the Qing Dynasty, were inferior
The owner of changling, Zhu Di, overhauled the mausoleum before his death
The details of the regulations are likened to the temples of the Forbidden City, which were built at the same time
Therefore, the Changling courtyard is similar to the Forbidden City
Now go see Changling
People will pay attention to the layout of the front and back circles
The biggest common denominator of the Ming Tombs is in this layout
In the cemeteries of the Han, Tang and Song dynasties, the city walls are generally square
And the doors are opened on all sides, similar to the city where the living people live
The Ming Tombs are a new form of cemetery
It was actually born from the Ming Tomb in Nanjing
It is also the mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty
It was invented by the Ming Dynasty and then customized
The front is facing, and the back circle is sleeping
The round place of heaven implies the meaning of ascension to heaven and the unity of heaven and man
◎ Ming Changling
One afternoon in the early spring of 1850, Kovalevsky, the guardian officer of the 13th Russian Orthodox Missionary Corps in Beijing appointed by the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, visited the Ming Dynasty Imperial Mausoleum in Changping, Beijing. In his article, Kovalevsky described the long mausoleum of Ming Chengzu Zhudi as follows: "The scenery around the mausoleum is pleasant, and from the gate you can see the complex, the mountains, the cedars of the hemispherical canopy, the diamond poplars that soar into the sky, the stone statues, the pillars, the roof and the painted cornices protruding, and the magnificent panorama of the mausoleum area. The setting sun burns out the last rays of light, and everything is imprinted on the fiery red sky. The beauty of the view can never be seen enough. (Photo by Mei Sheng, from China National Geographic, January 2006)
Qing Tai Ling
Under the Yongning Mountain in Yi County, Hebei Province
The last imperial tomb group of the Qing Dynasty , the Qing Dynasty Mausoleum
Stand still
There are Yongzheng, Jiaqing, Daoguang, and Guangxu
Resting place for the four emperors and their concubines
November 2000
The Qing Xi Mausoleum was named to the 24th World Heritage Committee
Inscribed on the World Heritage List
Among them, Tailing covers an area of about 5.1 hectares
The earliest building age, the largest scale, the most complete building system
He became the head of the Qing Dynasty
Observe the Tailing Tombs from this perspective
In particular, you can feel it surrounded by mountains and shaded by branches
Magnificent and solemn momentum (Photo by HongYi, from Chinese Heritage, April 2019)
Tailing
Recognized as the emperor of the highest aesthetic taste in the Qing Dynasty
- The resting place of the Yongzheng Emperor
It can be called the perfect presentation of the oriental aesthetic paradigm in the heyday of the Qing Dynasty
Tailing is the first mausoleum of Xiling
Mr. Liu Dunzhen, a historian of modern architecture and architecture, called it
"The grandest scale, more neat regulation"
It can be called the "model" of the tombs of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty
The most intuitive feeling that "model" brings to people is "beauty"
The beauty of the Tailing
It lies in the solemnity and grandeur of its strict order
Compared to the ornateness of the single building
The construction of Tailing is "heavy and light"
More pursuit on a macro scale
The perfect fusion with the natural landscape, the unity of nature and man
It also lies in its individual bodies
All of them are the product of the modeling under the bureaucratic system
However, it can be used in small wood (smallpox, algae wells, doors and windows, etc.),
Between the square inches of stone carvings and painted paintings
Show the ingenuity of the meaning
It also lies in its similar layout and shape
It is in harmony with the elegant and dignified style of the palace building
◎ Under the high-altitude view of the I-shaped composition, from the gate of the mausoleum area - the Dahongmen courtyard all the way to the north, through Shinto, to the courtyard of the Great Monument Building, showing a "wide" - "narrow" - "wide" "I" glyph composition, this design will make people in it, produce a rich visual experience of layers and different scenery. (Photo by Wang Jiangshan, from Chinese Heritage, April 2019)
Who am I?
Where am I from?
Where am I going?
Reflections on life
These three issues are always indispensable
When you walk into the imperial tomb
The spirit of the mountains and rivers and the solemnity and solemnity of the building
It may make you think more deeply about life
Want to know more about the "mausoleum"?
Let China National Geographic take a deep dive for you
Click on the cover image to view and purchase the electronic version of the magazine
China National Geographic Magazine Electronic Edition
The following 8 periods are minus 8 for each full 88
Limited time campaign ends
August 23 at 24:00
Issue 04, 2003
- Imperial Tomb Festival
China National Geographic, No. 05, 2005
- Qianling: The first mausoleum in the world
China National Geographic, Issue 01, 2006
- Crossing the central axis of life and death Ming Tombs and forbidden city Feng Shui contrast
Chinese Heritage, No. 08, 2009
- Tang Gongling and Hebi Palace mystery case
Chinese Heritage, No. 10, 2009
- Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor: The Great Dream of the Wanshi Empire
- Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor: An archaeologist's paradise
Chinese Heritage, No. 05, 2013
- The Invisible Ming Tombs
- "Underground Struggle" in the Ming Tombs
Chinese Heritage, No. 06, 2013
- Mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty The back of the Great Song Dynasty
Chinese Heritage, Issue 04, 2019
- Xiling Feng Shui scenery takes up the choice
- Tailing An encounter with a "model"
- Xiling Railway Empress Dowager Cixi's Gurudwara Line
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