The ancient sky is deep and unpredictable, the blue sky is endless, and when human beings look up at the sky, the dream of exploring the universe begins. The sky is the place that human beings have longed for since ancient times, and flying into the sky is also the persistent dream of human beings, "Chang'e Running Moon" and the "Lady Flying Sky" map of Mogao Grottoes, carrying our enthusiasm for sky exploration, and also carrying the desire of the Chinese soul to explore the unknown field of the mysterious universe.
Although China, an ancient land standing tall in the East and a beautiful country with a vast land, has experienced the hardships of war and bloody wandering, and has experienced the crisis of poverty, whiteness, and ambush on ten sides, China's aerospace industry has also slowly opened an unprecedented and magnificent chapter in history after many tribulations. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Mozi was a wooden kite, three years old, although it flew for a day and was defeated, it was the world's earliest kite, taking the first step to ride the wind and waves; the Ming Dynasty's Wanhu, the world's first hero to use rockets to fight in space, although he failed, he was "the first person in the world who wanted to use rockets to fly." The Chinese nation's pace of exploring the vast universe has never stopped.
When we walk in the alleys of the years, listening to the wind, reading the rain, the night is empty, all the smoke and clouds, will slowly disperse, time and shade, you and I silently rely on each other, slowly grow old, if the red dust can be well, you can not be sad or happy, do not abandon, sincere, endless.
After the Ming Dynasty, especially in modern times, China's scientific and technological undertakings have become increasingly backward, and they have been bullied by the great powers. However, the Chinese nation has never stopped exploring the mysteries of the universe, and China's aerospace industry is moving towards the peak of the world. It is precisely because of Qian Xuesen, who "returned to China in five years and two bombs in ten years," Huang Weilu, who wrote "missile life" with his life, Ren Xinmin, the "chief engineer" of China's aerospace industry, and Academician Sun Jiadong, who became the overall designer of China's first artificial satellite because of a bowl of braised pork and aerospace knots.
On April 24, 1970, the first artificial earth satellite "Dongfanghong I" sang in the sky; in August 1987, the retrievable satellite was a French carrying test device; on October 15, 2003, the Shenzhou 5 manned spacecraft traveled the galaxy; on October 24, 2007, China's first lunar exploration satellite Chang'e I was successfully launched, and then in 2016, the space industry was officially written into the "13th Five-Year Plan", ranking first among the 100 major projects. At the beginning of this year, the Chinese probe Chang'e-4 successfully landed on the far side of the moon and transmitted the world's first close-up image of the back of the moon through the "Queqiao" relay star.
This is the first time that a human probe has achieved a soft landing on the back of the moon, and the first time that the back of the moon has achieved relay communication with the Earth. The real "Chang'e Running Moon" unveils the mystery of the ancient moon back with Chinese beautiful dreams. The five-star red flag can appear on the moon, which is the crystallization of the sweat and wisdom of Chinese astronauts.
Aerospace is a cutting-edge industry for realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and enhancing China's international status and comprehensive national strength, and looking back at the development history of China's aerospace industry for more than 60 years is a history of vigorously carrying forward the spirit of patriotic struggle under the strong leadership of the party. Looking forward to the future, as a person of the "Second Academy" in the new socialist period, we must always keep firmly in mind the merit book of China's aerospace industry, engrave the history of the struggle of Chinese astronauts, adhere to the supremacy of national interests, keep in mind the original intention of devoting ourselves to the aerospace industry, and keep in mind the mission of enriching the country and strengthening the army.
We remember that the ancient land of Tengzhou was immersed in a joyful and festive atmosphere. Fei Junlong, captain of the astronaut brigade of the People's Liberation Army of Chinese, and Astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming, and Jing Haipeng, the distinguished astronauts of the Shenzhou No. 6 and No. 7 manned spacecraft who are highly anticipated by the people of the city, walked into the hometown of "Kesheng" Mozi and "Craftsman Ancestor" Lu Ban to jointly trace the footprints of ancient scientific and technological sages and carry forward the great spirit of manned spaceflight. Wang Changpei, political commissar of the Beijing Military Agency Bureau of the PLA General Armament Department; Tian Houyu, director of the Vehicle and Ship Engineering Department of the Jinan Military Region; Jiao Yanping, researcher of the Scientific Research Department of the Equipment Command College; and responsible persons of relevant departments also accompanied teng.
Fei Junlong, Nie Haisheng, Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming, Jing Haipeng, and other five aerospace heroes were warmly welcomed by the aerospace military experts who arrived in Tengzhou earlier, Professor Sun Jinyun, senior engineer of the Second Department of the General Staff Department, and the principal leaders of the Tengzhou Municipal CPC Committee, the Municipal People's Congress, the Municipal Government, and the CPPCC Municipal Committee, as well as the masses from all walks of life.
It has been learned that the successful holding of the series of activities of "Meritorious Astronauts Entering Mozi's Hometown" poured out the painstaking efforts of General Li Jinai, member of the Central Military Commission and director of the General Political Department, and Professor Sun Jinyun, a space military expert. Tengzhou is the root of General Li Jinai and his lifelong concern. The meritorious astronauts were able to walk into Mozi's hometown this time, trace the footsteps of the sages of Kesheng, and further carry forward the spirit of spaceflight, which fully reflects the sincere care and love of General Li Jinnai and Professor Sun Jinyun for their hometown. As General Li Jinai wrote in the poem "Seven Laws": "The green plate is blessed with pearls in the sky, and the red lotus is in full bloom." The seven-inch carp lang is clever, and the frog sound is accompanied by a good dance. The circle point of the beautiful painting is endless, and man and nature are in harmony. Who does not say that my hometown is good, in the final analysis, I always have feelings. ”
Since China launched the manned spaceflight project in 1992, the Shenzhou spacecraft has gone out into space seven times. The Chinese astronauts, represented by Yang Liwei, Fei Junlong, Nie Haisheng, Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming, Jing Haipeng, and other meritorious astronauts, shouldered the sacred mission of climbing the peak of aerospace science and technology, overcame all kinds of unimaginable difficulties with amazing perseverance and courage, created extraordinary human miracles, and successively achieved major leaps from unmanned flight to manned flight, from one person a day to many people for many days, from in-cabin experiments to out-of-cabin activities, and jointly created "special ability to endure hardships, special ability to fight, special ability to tackle key problems, and special dedication." The spirit of manned spaceflight. On October 15, 2003, China's first astronaut Yang Liwei took the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft into space, realizing the Chinese nation's dream of flying for a thousand years; on October 12, 2005, astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng flew into space again on the Shenzhou 6 spacecraft, and returned to the ground safely after traveling in space for 5 days and completing a series of space experiments; on September 25, 2008, astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming, and Jing Haipeng successfully entered space on the Shenzhou 7 manned spacecraft. The first space capsule activity has been successfully completed, and a milestone leap in China's space technology development has been realized, marking That China has become the third country in the world to independently master the key technology of space capsule.
Tengzhou has a long history, splendid culture and ancestors. The records and legends of Mozi making kites and Luban making magpies have a long history. Legend has it that as early as 2400 years ago, Mozi made the earliest flying machine. According to the "Han Feizi", "Mozi was a wooden kite, formed in three years, and was defeated in one day." "Mozi" also said: "The male loser (Lu Ban) cut the bamboo wood for a magpie, and flew into it, and it did not take more than three days." Mozi and Luban have thus become the world's earliest scientists and manufacturers to make aircraft, and Tengzhou has also attracted great attention at home and abroad. The meritorious astronauts who entered Banmo's hometown this time will play a powerful role in promoting the spirit of manned spaceflight, popularizing and disseminating aerospace science and technology knowledge, encouraging the people of the city to lift their spirits, unite and struggle, and bravely create good achievements, and will play a powerful role in promoting Tengzhou's efforts to become the vanguard of economic development in the province and county. Professor Sun Jinyun and all the meritorious astronauts walked into Mozi's hometown to spread the knowledge of aerospace science and technology and carry forward the great spirit of spaceflight, which is the greatest support, the greatest trust and the greatest encouragement to Tengzhou. We will take this activity as an opportunity to vigorously carry forward the spirit of manned spaceflight that "can especially bear hardships, especially can fight, especially can tackle key problems, and can especially dedicate", unite and lead millions of people, seize the opportunity, take advantage of the momentum, strive to promote the development of the city's economy and social sciences, harmonious development, civilized development, and leapfrog development, and strive to accelerate the construction of a prosperous, civilized, prosperous, stable and harmonious Tengzhou.
Up to now, Beijing Venture Capital Market, Yunpeng Design Group Hospitality Shandong, Tengzhou Haoli Cultural and Creative Products Research Group looking for Tengzhou history and culture, exploring humanistic history and historical and cultural celebrities, and developing Gu Teng cultural tourism products. Enter various industries to plan and package a series of hospitality Shandong, Tengzhou good gift cultural and creative souvenirs.
Kites originated in China, and Chinese kites have a long history. The earliest kites were not made of paper, but of wood. Legend has it that the first kite was made for "Lu Ban", called "Wooden Iris", and the "Past Events of Nagisa Palace" records that Lu Ban "tasted as a wooden kite, multiplied by it to peek into the Song City". And in the "Lü's Spring and Autumn Love Class", it is recorded that "the public loses like a high cloud ladder, and wants to attack the Song." Mozi smelled it, from Lu Xiang, split clothes and wrapped his feet, day and night, ten days and ten nights, and as for Yin, he saw the King of Jing: 'The contemptible people of the north are also the people who are subject to the north, and the king of Wen will attack the Song Dynasty. This shows that Lu Ban built a "high cloud ladder" instead of a wooden kite.
The Han Feizi records that the inventor of the wooden kites in the middle is not Lu Ban but Mozi Mo Zhai. Mo Zhai (478-392 BC), a philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, was a representative of the Mo family in the Hundred Sons of Zhuzi. The Han Feizi Wai Chu Shu records that Mo Zhai once "took three years to soar into the sky with a wooden wooden kite." Mozi was in Lushan, "for the wooden kite, three years, defeated in one day". This means that Mozi had studied and tried to make it for three years, made a wooden bird out of a wooden plank, released it and made it fly successfully, but it only flew for one day and then it broke. The "wooden kite" (or "wooden harrier") made by Mozi is the world's earliest kite, dating back more than 2,400 years. In addition, the inventor of the wooden kite, as interpreted in the Kangxi Dictionary, is also "Mo Zhai"[3]. The "wooden magpie" invented by Lu Ban is recorded in the "Mozi" is more exquisite than the "wooden kite" of Mozi: "The male loser cut the bamboo wood to think that the magpie, and it flew into it, and it did not take more than three days" [4]. After cai lun invented papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty, kites made of paper began to appear, called "paper kites".
Kite for the Chinese invention, according to legend, Mo Zhai made of wood into a wooden bird, developed for three years, is the earliest human kite origin, and later Luban used bamboo to improve the kite material of Mo Zhai, and evolved into today's multi-line kite. Cao Xueqin, the author of "Dream of the Red Chamber", is also a kite making master.
History In the thirteenth century, the Italian Marco Polo returned to Europe from China and began to spread to all parts of the world.
According to ancient books, "Five generations of Li Yi made paper kites in the palace, leading the wind as a play, and then using bamboo as a flute at the head of the kite, so that the wind entered the bamboo, and the sound was like a kite, so it was called a kite." Therefore, those who cannot make a sound are called "paper kites", and those who can make sounds are called "kites".
By the time of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, kites began to become a tool for transmitting information; starting from the Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to the development of the papermaking industry, the folk began to use paper to mount kites; in the Song Dynasty, kite flying became a popular outdoor activity. The Song Dynasty carefully wrote in the "Past Affairs of Wulin": "During the Qingming Dynasty, people went to the suburbs to release wind kites, and the sun returned at dusk. "Kite" refers to a kite. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan's "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty" and the "Hundred Sons of the Song Dynasty" have vivid scenes of flying kites.
Mozi (Mo Zhai) passed on the cause of kite making to his student Lu Ban (also known as Gong Tuo Ban), and it is said in the Mozi Lu Qing that Lu Ban made kites from bamboo according to Mo Zhai's ideals and designs. Lu Ban split the bamboo and cut it smoothly, bent it with fire, and made it look like a magpie, called a "wooden magpie", and flew in the air for three days. The book says: "The public lost the class to make wooden kites to spy on the Song Dynasty." "There are generally three legends about the origin of kites, buckets, leaves, and sails. Legend has it that the first kite was made for "Lu Ban", called "Wooden Iris", and the "Nagisa Palace Past" records that Lu Ban "tasted it as a wooden kite, multiplied by it to peek into the Song City". And in the "Lü's Spring and Autumn Love Class", it is recorded: "The public defeat class is a high cloud ladder, and wants to attack the Song Dynasty." Mozi smelled it, from Lu Xiang, split clothes and wrapped his feet, day and night, ten days and ten nights, and as for Ying, see the King of Jing: "The contempt of the northern people, the king of Wen will attack the Song, believe that there is a hu'" Shows that Lu Ban built a "high cloud ladder" instead of a wooden kite.
In 190 BC, when the Chu and Han dynasties fought, the Han general Han Xin attacked Weiyang Palace, using a kite to measure the distance of the tunnel below Weiyang Palace. In the Battle of Xiaxia, Xiang Yu's army was besieged by Liu Bang's army, Han Xin sent people to use cowhide as a kite, put on a bamboo flute, and sounded in the wind (Zhang Liang used a kite to blow the flute) The Han army cooperated with the flute and sang Chu song, which scattered the morale of the Chu army, which is the story of the idiom "Embattled Song".
Chinese kites have a history of more than 2,000 years. From the traditional Chinese kite, you can see the shadow of auspicious meaning and auspicious pattern everywhere. In the long years, our ancestors not only created beautiful words and paintings that embody the wisdom of the Chinese nation, but also created many patterns that reflect people's yearning and pursuit of a better life and imply auspiciousness. It gives people the meaning of festivity, auspiciousness and blessing through the image of the pattern; it integrates the appreciation habits of the masses, reflects people's kind and healthy thoughts and feelings, and permeates the Chinese national traditions and folk customs, so it is widely spread in the folk and is popular with people. Kites with a history of more than 2,000 years have been integrated into traditional Chinese culture, influenced by it, in the traditional Chinese kite, you can see this auspicious meaning everywhere: "Fushou Shuangquan", "Dragon and Phoenix Xiangxiang", "Hundred Butterflies In Spring", "Carp Jumping Dragon Gate", "Magu Xianshou", "Birds and Phoenixes", "Fish in Successive Years", "Four Seasons of Peace" and other kites all show people's yearning and vision for a better life.
Giant kite
The auspicious pattern uses the images of characters, animals, flowers, birds, utensils and some auspicious characters, with folk proverbs, auspicious languages and mythological stories as the theme, through metaphors, comparisons, puns, symbols and harmonics and other expression techniques, to constitute the art form of "one sentence and one pattern", giving the meaning of seeking auspiciousness, eliminating disasters and avoiding difficulties, and pinning people's wishes for happiness, longevity and celebration. Because of the metaphor of the object and the auspicious pattern, it integrates the situation objects into one, so the theme is clear and prominent, the concept is ingenious, the fun is full of fun, and it is full of unique style and strong national color. For example, a pair of phoenix birds flying in the wings of the sun, called "double phoenix sunrise", it reflects people's healthy and upward enterprising spirit and the pursuit of beautiful happiness with rich meanings and varied patterns. Chinese auspicious patterns are rich in content, generally there are "blessing", "longevity", "festive", "auspicious" and other types, of which most of them are blessing patterns.
Blessings
People have a common pursuit of happiness. Bats are harmonized with "Quanfu" and "Quanfu", and although its image is not beautiful, it has been fully beautified and used as an auspicious pattern symbolizing "Fu". Kites with bats as motifs abound, such as in the traditional Beijing Sand Swallow Kite, represented by "Fu Yan", and on the entire hard shoulder, it can be painted with beautified bats. Other kites with their meanings include "blessing in the blessing", "blessing in front of the eyes", "five blessings to offer life", "five blessings to hold life", "fushou double complete", "five blessings to qi tian", "five blessings to offer life", etc., and the Zhou Dynasty "Hong Fan" contains "five blessings": one is shou, two is rich, three is kangning, four is good and virtuous, and the fifth is the end of life. "Good morality" means the virtue of the good, and "examination of the final life" means a good ending, not a cross-death. According to the meaning of the five blessings, the blessing already includes richness and longevity. Other auspicious motifs include "fish" and "ruyi" (ruyi was originally a bamboo wooden scratching stick, out of reach of the hand, named because it can be as good as it can be). The auspicious patterns and kites related to this include "fish in successive years", "festive and more than enough", "carp jumping dragon gate", "Pepsi Ruyi", "must be as expected", "safe and satisfactory" and so on.
longevity
Throughout the ages, people have wanted to live a long and healthy life. There are many motifs that convey and celebrate longevity: there are evergreen pines, cranes and colorful ribbon birds that are said to enjoy a life span of thousands of years, "fairy grass" Reishi mushrooms that are said to be able to live for a hundred years, and peaches, the Queen Mother of the West, which can make people immortal. There are more than 10,000 glyphs of the "shou" character that pursue and express longevity, and the variations are extremely rich. Derived from the Buddhist "wan" character pattern, it means "more to tens of thousands". In the sand swallow kite, the pattern of the waist is mostly the pattern of the word "wan" in the rotation. Related auspicious motifs and kites include "Xiangyun Crane Shou" and "Eight Immortals Heshou".
Festive
A swallow-shaped kite with a beast
Express people's beautiful, happy and happy mood. There are many glyphs in the word xi, and "囍" is a common festive pattern. Magpies are the "signs" of happy events, kites have the word "hi" kite, "xixi" kite touch, etc., and the kites and auspicious patterns related to this are "happy on the eyebrows", "double hiden eyebrows", "festive more than enough", "Fulu Shouxi" and "double happiness fuxiang". Festive patterns are also quite interesting, such as hundred butterflies, hundred birds, hundred flowers, baiji, baishou, baifu, baixi and other patterns, such as "hundred birds and phoenix". Happy marriage in the apartment, harmonious husband and wife with Mandarin duck pattern kite, etc.
auspicious
Dragons, phoenixes, and unicorns are imaginary beasts of prey. The turtle was a symbol of longevity in ancient times, and was later replaced by a turtle back pattern. In particular, it is necessary to emphasize the topic of dragons, China is a country where dragons are still dragons, in our country, dragons have special meanings, dragons have deer horns, cow heads, python bodies, fish scales, eagle claws of magical creatures, is regarded as a symbol of ancient Chinese civilization. Traditional auspicious motifs composed of birds and beasts and other objects include "Dragon and Phoenix Xiangxiang", "Two Dragon Play Beads", "Colorful Phoenix Double Flight", "Hundred Birds And Phoenixes" and so on. Traditional Chinese kites, the dragon head centipede long string kite, especially the large dragon kite, are loved for their spectacular and majestic flight scenes.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="75" > related legends</h1>
A kite that flies into the blue sky
There are roughly four legends about the origin of kites. The first is the saying of buckets and leaves; the second is the saying of sailboats and tents; the third is the saying of birds; and the fourth is what Li Ye said.
Asuka said
Judging from the ancient kites recorded and discovered in history, a prominent sign of its structure, shape, painting techniques, etc. is the shape of a bird. Therefore, it is concluded that the original kite was inspired by the birds, imitated and made and named after the birds. People advocate birds, love birds, simulate birds and make kites, which is people's pursuit of a better life. The kite was born because of this, which is a natural truth. The kite originated in China, which is the unanimous conclusion of the world kite community, and the earliest kite in China was made by the ancient scientist Mo Zhai. According to the Chinese historical record "Han Feizi Wai chu shu", Mo Zhai Julu Mountain (in present-day Qingzhou, Shandong) "cut wood for harrier, three years to make, fly a day and lose." "It means that Mozi studied for three years and finally made a wooden bird out of wood, but it only flew for one day and then broke." The "wooden harrier" made by Mozi is the earliest kite in China. [3-4]
Invented by Li Ye during the Five Dynasties period
The kite was invented by Li Ye during the Five Dynasties period. The ming dynasty Chen Yi wrote in the "Inquiry Record Kite": The fifth generation of Li Yi made paper kites in the palace, and the lead played by the wind. After the head of the kite, the bamboo is used as a flute to make the wind into the bamboo, such as the kite, so it is called a kite.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="88" > construct</h1>
Tianjin kite
The shape of the kite is mainly to imitate the creatures of nature, such as birds, insects, animals and geometric dimensions. In terms of patterns, they are mainly designed by personal preferences, including promotional signs, animals, butterflies, birds, etc.
In addition to silk and paper, the kite is built with plastic materials. Bone rods include bamboo grates, wood and glue rods. Someone designed a boneless kite whose structure is to introduce air into the silk wind pit, so that the kite forms a gently fluttering air pillow, and then rides the wind up. China, Malaysia, the Philippines and Japan also have a large kite, which is placed in the blue sky every Kite Festival, and the size of such kites varies from ten to twenty feet. The bone rod is made of large bamboo and put by more than a hundred people.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="93" ></h1>
kite
The practice of ordinary kites is generally to use bamboo as a skeleton, paper to make meat, and other composite materials include silk, nylon cloth, plastic film or bamboo grate, yarn paper strips, horse-drawn paper, etc.
Paper and silk are the materials for the production of general traditional kites, and the coloring is bright and bright, which can better reflect the charm of Chinese kites; but paper is easy to break, silk is expensive, and the products of modern science - nylon cloth and plastic film, have become new materials for making kites.
Bamboo is the main material for making kite skeletons, you can choose bamboo with a wall thickness of 3-5 cm to cut into bamboo pieces, and use the toughness of bamboo pieces to make the skeleton of the kite. The skeleton of the kite can be prepared according to personal preferences, such as dragonfly shape, butterfly shape, etc.
Paper is the main material of the mask kite, with thin fibers long and uniform, rich in toughness, moisture and impact resistance, white color and clean is preferred. Paste the paper on the skeleton, tie it to the line, and the kite is ready.
At this time, you can also paint your favorite color on the prepared kite, set with lace, or tie a ribbon and hang a paper ring. Although the right amount of attachments cannot affect the flight of the kite in the air, too many attachments will make the flight of the kite unbalanced. Most modern kites use advertising cloth as the fabric of the kite, and the skeleton has changed from the previous bamboo to a charcoal pole, which greatly improves the flight effect.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="101" > literature</h1>
Chinese kites have a long history and superb skills, which have long been recognized by the world. However, to study carefully, there are not many detailed information about Chinese kites, and even less information on the specific skills of Chinese kites. According to Chinese legend, Cao Xueqin's "Southern Harrier and Northern Iris Examination Gongzhi" is a monograph describing Chinese kite skills, but not only has the full text of this book not been seen, but even whether this statement is true, whether Cao Shi does have a collection of works on the waste art collection, there is still a lack of sufficient circumstantial evidence, the academic community is still debating, there is no conclusion.
The traditional Chinese kite technique can be summed up in four words: tie, paste, painting, and putting. Abbreviated as "Four Arts". Simply understand these "four arts" that is, tying racks, pasting paper surfaces, painting flowers, and flying kites. But in fact, the connotation of these four characters is much broader, including almost all the technical content of traditional Chinese kites. For example, "tie" includes: selection, splitting, bending, cutting, and joining. "Paste" includes: selection, cutting, paste, edge, school. "Painting" includes: color, bottom, drawing, dyeing, repair. "Put" includes: wind, line, put, tune, close. The comprehensive use of these "four arts" must reach the level of kite design and innovation.
Our country attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, and on May 20, 2006, kite making skills were approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="111" > faction</h1>
Traditional folk school
Weifang folk kites, historically, are relative to court kites and artisan kites: in modern times, it is relative to modern new kites
Traditional artisan school
Due to the emergence of the kite sale business, full-time kite craftsmen also came into being. In the history of Weifang, even many well-known painters have participated in the drawing and even design and production of kites, so that there are very exquisite fine products in Weifang kites. Of course, these fine products, the average person can not afford to play and can not afford to buy, and the rich people who buy these kites often make requests and order them to the artists, which is the proverb that has been handed down as the situation of "seven masters and three craftsmen". In addition, during the change of the old and new dynasties, some court kite artists went into exile, which also promoted the development and improvement of the artisan kite, making it carry the solemn and luxurious characteristics of the court kite. The traditional artisan party has played a good role in promoting the development of Weifang kite business, which has made Weifang kite rise from a general toy to a valuable handicraft and become an important part of Weifang's local culture.
Modern innovators
In modern times, due to the majority of professional art workers, scientific and technological personnel, workers, urban residents actively participate in kite activities, give full play to the advantages of modern technology, modern science and technology, on the basis of inheriting the traditional kite, create a new modern kite. The main feature of modern kites is to attach importance to the use of new materials and new processes, and the shape is simple, bright, fresh and ingenious, with a distinct era.
Soft-winged kite
That is, the general common bird kite. Its lift piece (wing) is a main wing to form the lower cloth of the wing is soft, there is no main strip attached, and the main body frame is mostly made of relief. Its shape is mostly birds or insects. Eagles, butterflies, bees, swallows, cranes, phoenixes, dragonflies, cicadas, praying mantises, etc. are all kites of this type. In order to put a detachable soft wing kite, the traditional butterfly wings that are separated from the top and bottom are changed to live wings, the skeleton is fixed, which is easy to fold, the release effect is realistic, or the top wings are relaxed one by one, ensuring the stability of the kite.
Hard-winged kites
The common Meta-Wing Quest Swift Kite falls into this category. It is characterized by lift plates (wings) made of two horizontal bamboo strips above and below to make the shape of wings, with high edges on both sides and concave in the middle, forming ventilation channels. The ends of the wings lean back so that the wind escapes from the ends of the wings, looking flat like a meta treasure. For example, the popular rice kites, flower baskets, mandarin ducks, magpies, parrots, etc. in Beijing, the hard wings of this kite are fixed forms, while the shape and skeleton structure outside the range of hard wings change with different content themes.
Dragon kite
Kite painted with beasts [2]
Mainly based on the dragon head centipede kite, it is also a major feature of Weifang kite.
Board kite
That is, the flat-shaped kite that people have been told about. From the structural and shape point of view, its lift piece is the main body, no raised structure, the kite has bamboo strips on all four sides of the support.
This kind of kite is more common, easy to tie, good flight performance, and suitable for expressing a variety of themes, which is the favorite one of children and teenagers. Board kite, also known as the beat kite in the Beijing-Tianjin area, has an octagonal diamond or ladybird shape, this type of kite generally drags a long tail or spike, which is beneficial for take-off. Among the board kites, the simplest one is the "tile" block, a square piece, the southern countryside is called "two hundred and five", and the north is commonly known as "kite", also known as "fart curtain".
Stereo kite
The skeleton of the folding structure is generally used, which is composed of one or more barrels or other shapes, such as palace lamps, vases, rockets, etc.
Sport kites
Sports kites are also called stunt kites, also known as double-line kites or double-line kites. It is generally triangular, paragliding, and spectacle-shaped. Sports kites in China is a newly emerging sports project, and traditional kites are different, sports kites not only have single lines, but also double lines, four lines, can do some actions in the air. Such as horizontal movement, dive, around the figure eight, circle, etc., that is, with two or more pull lines to control the kite, two-handed control, left, right, lifting and other stunts all rely on the skills of the wrist and arm to complete. Sport kites fly at speeds of up to 150 km/h, can be played alone or as a team stunt show, and the flyer has the feeling of riding the wind.
The double line is generally divided into three types:
1． Stunts (this kind of general beginner can do all the geometry, such as circles, blocks, triangles, 8 characters, etc.)
2． Ballet formation (formation as the name suggests is that you can do some collective actions with a few kites, so that on the basis of stunts, the formation kite position is more accurate, better controlled, the speed is moderate and not very fast, and you can also do some basic tumbling actions, simple tumbling actions, such as shaft rolling, semi-rolling, vertical landing, sudden stop, suspension, etc., the ballet machine is a kite stunt that must be selected for formation flight)
3． Fancy tumbling (many people do not understand what is called tumbling, stunt kites can generally only do some flat graphics, but tumbling kites can do some non-planar movements through the kite's loss of control in the prescribed techniques, just like gymnasts what flip 360 degrees ah, continuous flip 720 degrees or something. But Precision's "precise handling" is not as good as ballet)
The four-wire kite is a kind of kite that has no species. The four-wire kite is generally a geometric figure that walks flat, but it can be fixed, forward, and backward, which is a bit of a helicopter.
Barrel row kite
Kites composed of one or more barrels or other barrels of shape, such as palace lamps, vases, rockets, wine bottles, etc. belong to this category
Principle of operation
As we all know, there are two necessary conditions for kites to go to heaven:
(1) Kites can only be released in windy weather, except for pan eagle kites.
(2) The kite needs to be pulled by the lifting line, and the "broken kite" will definitely fall down after a short drift away.
Force action
Fly a kite
Rise force: The kite is affected by the wind in the air, and the air will be divided into upper and lower strata. The air in the lower layer of the kite is blocked by the kite surface, the flow rate of the air is reduced, and the air pressure rises; the air circulation in the upper layer is comfortable, and the flow rate is enhanced, resulting in a decrease in air pressure; the lifting force is generated by this difference in air pressure, which is the reason why the kite can rise.
As can be seen from the above, there are two elements in the generation of lift force: (1) wind force; (2) traction force; this explains the problem raised at the beginning. Under the action of the three forces of wind, traction and the resulting lifting force, the kite basically achieves a force balance in the air.
The force of the kite in the air: the direction of the wind force is basically the horizontal direction, and the angle of the kite by the wind and the size of the upward force can be easily controlled by the lifting line. After a few exercises, the kite flyer will quickly master the skill of controlling the kite: when flying a kite, it is usually a draw and a release.
When pumping, because the kite line is generally placed on the upper side of the kite surface, increasing the traction force can control the kite angle to become smaller, the upward lifting force increases, and the kite rises steadily; when it is put, that is, the balanced kite traction becomes smaller, under the combined force of the wind and the yang force, the kite will fly high and fly far, but it must be pumped quickly to maintain the angle of the kite again.
When the wind is strong, you can put more lines, and when the wind drops slightly, you can close some lines.
Health benefits
Flying kites in spring is very beneficial to people's physical health. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that kite flyers bathe in the warm sunshine and spring breeze, which has the benefit of "relieving internal heat and enhancing physical fitness." The history book "Continued History" also has the saying that "flying kites, opening your mouth to look up, you can vent heat". Modern health care medicine research also shows that in the bright spring light of the green kite, you can stretch the muscles and bones, so that the body with the flying kite and non-stop movement, so as to move the limbs and hundreds of skeletons; at the same time, due to the full breath of fresh air, vomiting new, can promote the metabolism of the human body, improve the state of blood circulation, so as to get rid of the winter gas accumulation, disease and fitness effect. In addition, when flying a kite, the eyes face the blue sky, and the flying kite is varied, which can eliminate eye muscle fatigue, adjust and improve vision, and prevent myopia and amblyopia.
In recent years, some hospitals and nursing homes at home and abroad have adopted "kite therapy" to treat mental depression, neurasthenia, children's mental insufficiency and other diseases, and have also received miraculous curative effects.
Flying a kite is also a brain exercise that requires total dedication. Just to deal with the relationship between flying a kite and the wind speed, it is necessary to let the flyer use his brain: the necessary condition for the kite to fly is that there is wind on the ground, but the wind speed is too large and it is not easy to fly, because the horizontal direction of the air is too strong, the kite is not easy to "lift" up, and it is difficult to control; the kite is most afraid of the wind direction is uncertain, because at this time the kite is most likely to "plant" down. The ancients believed that the higher realm of flying kites was: when they were released, the line was connected, and when they were not released, such as a horse lying in a trough, after flying, it was like entering a racecourse, to be energetic, to see the line as a tight rein, like a horse, and then look at the sky into silence, running back and forth with the drift.
Flying a kite can make people feel cheerful and happy. When flying, the brain is highly concentrated, which will undoubtedly eliminate people's inner distractions; the flyer's extreme blue sky will also feel open; in addition, the spring grass warblers fly, touching the sight, flying kites, is a beautiful dialogue between man and nature.
The longest kite in the world
The longest kite in the world (2 photos)
On April 4, 2015, chongqing Wulong 2015 International Kite Flying Festival opened, professionals held the world's longest kite (6000 meters) flying performance, far exceeding the Guinness World Record of 5000 meters. The kite consists of 2,000 leaves printed with the "Chinese Dream", all of which take 6-8 hours to fly and lift off. The world's longest kite flying at 6,000 meters. [8]
Weifang kite culture
Weifang Floating Smoke Mountain Kite Flying Field
Weifang City, Shandong Province, is revered by all countries as the "Kite Capital of the World". Weifang, Shandong Province, is a famous kite producing area in China, and in the Ming Dynasty, there have been artists who tie kites in the folk. In the Qing Dynasty, with the popularity of kite flying customs, kite art also reached its peak stage. During the Daoguang years, a bamboo branch poem by Guo Linyin Qingming described: "One hundred and four days of small cold food, smelting and swimming on the White Wave River, paper kites son swing women, chaos more than the new spring swallows." Zheng Banqiao has a poem: "Paper flowers are like snow flying in the sky, delicate women swing around, five-colored Luo skirts swinging, so that the butterflies can return to spring." The "Weixian Chronicle" also records: "Qingming, children make paper kites, swing plays, paper kites are not the same, in addition to cranes, swallows, butterflies, cicadas, as a variety of characters, all of them are wonderful, strange and clever." At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Weifang has formed a fixed kite market, and merchants from many parts of the country have come to Weifang to buy kites, and for a time "tricks and renovations have recruited patrons, and both butterflies and kites have formed a line", and a large number of highly skilled kite artists have emerged.
Weifang International Kite Festival
The world's kite capital - Weifang
Weifang is the world-famous kite capital of the world. On April 1, 1984, the Weifang Municipal People's Government held the first Weifang International Kite Festival according to the suggestion of his American friend David Chekle, and since then, the annual Weifang International Kite Festival has been held in Weifang. In April 1987, Weifang was designated as the "Kite Capital of the World" by the Presidium of the Fifth International Kite Association. The International Kite Federation also decided to set up its headquarters in Weifang.
Tengzhou people regard kite flying as a kind of recreational and fitness activity dedicated to nature, and kite flying in the spring breeze of April is a favorite activity of Tengzhou citizens. This activity is also very beneficial, and suitable for all ages, by flying kites in the countryside to absorb fresh air, exercise the body, cultivate the mood, enhance the physique, make the body quality.
Nuwa makes up the heavens
Nuwa is the ancestor of human beings in china's ancient myths and legends, the creation of the world, so she is known as the mother of the earth, and she is also a beautiful goddess with a human head and a snake body. According to legend, after Pangu opened up the world, its body was transformed into the sun, moon, mountains and rivers, and its essence was transformed into Nuwa, so Nuwa began to create people in the earth, open up the world, and make the world full of joy and beauty. One day, the water god Gonggong and the fire god Zhu Rong fought in the Battle of Buzhou Mountain, and Gonggong was furious and hit Buzhou Mountain because of the great defeat, causing the pillar of heaven to collapse and the earth to flood. Nuwa takes the boulder as the furnace, refines the multicolored stone to make up the heavens, and from this heaven and earth is located, the flood returns to the road, the fire is extinguished, and the four seas are quiet.
After Nüwa supplemented the heavens, people sang and danced to celebrate the success of making up the heavens, and at the same time built the Nüwa Temple at the foot of the mountain (in the territory of present-day Zhoukou Xihua), offering offerings for generations, pilgrims flocking to the temple, and incense burns continuously.
Mozi is a wooden kite
Kites, known as "harriers" in ancient times and "kites" in the north, originated in China and then spread around the world, and are a traditional folk craft. In fact, the earliest kites in China were made of wood. During the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, the Eastern Zhou philosopher Mo Zhai (478-392 BC), who "took three years to soar into the sky with wooden wooden kites... ”。 Mozi was in Lushan (in present-day Weifang, Shandong), "chopping wood for harrier, three years old, flying one day and defeated". This means that Mozi researched and tried to make it for three years, and finally made a wooden bird out of wooden planks, but it only flew for one day and then broke. This "wooden harrier" (or "wooden kite") made by Mozi is the earliest kite in China and the earliest kite in the world. (about 300 BC), 2,400 years ago.
Kites carry people
According to historical records, the kite originated in the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, when Lu Ban, a famous craftsman of the Lu kingdom, saw the harrier eagle circling and flying in the air, so he was deeply inspired, he "cut bamboo into a magpie, and the sky did not go down for three days", which is the prototype of the kite. In the early years of the Han Dynasty, Han Xinxin bamboo fences were put on a shelf, pasted on paper, and made into a flying object closer to a kite, and dragged it with a line to make it fly in the air by the wind, known as "paper kite". In the Five Dynasties period, Li Ye installed a bamboo flute on the paper kite, and the wind blew the bamboo flute, and the sound sounded like a guzheng, so it had the name of "kite". During the Tang Dynasty, Chinese kites were introduced to Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, Europe and the United States. In his book "History of Science and Technology in China", the famous British scholar Joseph Needham called the kite one of the major scientific inventions that China spread to Europe. Before the Tang Dynasty, kites were used in the military. The Book of Hong records that during the Spring and Autumn Period, "Lu Ban was a wooden kite to spy on the Song City", which means that Lu Ban first used kites for war reconnaissance.
10,000 households flying in the sky
An official of the Chinese Ming Dynasty named Wanhu (formerly known as Tao Chengdao) sat on a chair tied to 47 rockets and flew into the sky with a kite in his hand in order to realize his dream of spaceflight; but the rocket exploded, and Wanhu also gave his life for it. People called him "the world's first spaceflight man".
Wanhu was the first hero in the world to use rockets to fight into space. Although his efforts failed, his idea of lifting off with rocket thrust was the first in the world, so he was recognized by the world as the "true ancestor of spaceflight", and in order to commemorate the ancestor of the world's spaceflight, world scientists named a crater on the moon "Wanhu Mountain".
The origin of the kite: Speaking of the origin of the kite, some folklorists believe that the ancients invented the kite mainly to remember the deceased relatives and friends, so when the Ghost Gate of the Qingming Festival was briefly opened, the affection for the deceased was pinned on the kite and transmitted to the dead relatives and friends.
It is said that in the late Tang Dynasty, because someone added strings to the kite, as soon as the wind blew, it made a sound like a guzheng, so there was a name for "kite".
Kites, called "harriers" in ancient times, are called "kites" in the north. Most people believe that kites originated in China and then spread around the world as a traditional folk craft. In fact, the earliest kites in China were made of wood. During the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, the Eastern Zhou philosopher Mo Zhai (478-392 BC) "took three years to fly into the sky with wooden wooden kites...". Mozi was in Lushan (in present-day Zibo, Shandong), "chopping wood for harrier, three years to make, flying a day and defeated".
This means that Mozi researched and tried to make it for three years, and finally made a wooden bird out of wooden planks, but it only flew for one day and then broke. This "wooden harrier" (or "wooden kite") made by Mozi is the earliest kite in China and the earliest kite in the world. (c. 300 BC), 2,400 years ago.
It was not until the Eastern Han Dynasty, after Cai Lun invented papermaking, that the market began to make kites from paper, called "paper kites". Therefore, it can be inferred that Chinese kites have a history of more than two thousand years.
Mozi passed on the cause of kite making to his student Gongluban (also known as Luban), and in the "Mozi 'Lu Qing Chapter", it is said that Luban made kites from bamboo according to Mo Zhai's ideals and designs. Lu Ban split the bamboo and cut it smoothly, bent it with fire, and made it look like a magpie, called a "wooden magpie", and flew in the air for three days.
Originally kites were often used as military tools for triangulation signals, sky wind direction surveys, and means of communication. For example, the "Book of Hong" says: "The public loses the class to make wooden kites to spy on the Song City."
In 190 BC, when the Chu and Han dynasties fought, the Han general Han Xin attacked Weiyang Palace, using a kite to measure the distance of the tunnel below Weiyang Palace. In the Battle of Xiaxia, Xiang Yu's army was besieged by Liu Bang's army, Han Xin sent people to use cowhide as a kite, put on a bamboo flute, and face the wind (zhang Liang used a kite to blow the flute) The Han army cooperated with the flute and sang Chu song, which scattered the morale of the Chu army, which is the story of the idiom "Embattled Song".
There are also records of kites in the main history, during the "Hou Jing Rebellion" of the Southern Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Liang was besieged by Hou Jing and flew kites to ask for help. According to the "Biography of Hou Jing" in the 80th volume of the Southern History, in the third year of the Liangwu Emperor Xiao Yan's qing dynasty (549 AD), Hou Jing rebelled, the rebels besieged Emperor Wu in the Liang capital Jianye (that is, present-day Nanjing), cut off inside and outside, some people offered plans to make paper crows, and tied the emperor's edict to it, and the crown prince Jianwen was outside the Taiji Hall, riding on the northwest wind to ask for help, unfortunately, he was discovered and shot down by the rebels, and soon Taicheng was attacked, and the Liang Dynasty also declined and perished.
Legend has it that in the fifth century BC, the Greek Arkdas invented the kite, but unfortunately it was later lost. It was not until the thirteenth century, after the Italian Marco Polo returned to Europe from China, that kites began to spread in the West.
It is also confirmed from other sources that it spread to Korea and then To Japan around the tenth century, and to Europe in the thirteenth and fourth centuries.
Kites, called "harriers" in ancient times, are called "kites" in the north. Most people believe that kites originated in China and then spread around the world as a traditional folk craft. In fact, the earliest kites in China were made of wood. During the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, the Eastern Zhou philosopher Mo Zhai (478-392 BC) "took three years to soar into the sky with wooden wooden kites..." Mozi was in Lushan (in present-day Weifang, Shandong), "chopping wood for harrier, three years, flying one day and defeated". This means that Mozi researched and tried to make it for three years, and finally made a wooden bird out of wooden planks, but it only flew for one day and then broke. The "wooden harrier" (or "wooden kite") made by Mozi is the earliest kite in China and the earliest kite in the world. (about 300 BC), 2,400 years ago.
Lu Ban is our ancient famous craftsman, he made the world's first wooden kite represents our ancient people's desire for the dream of flying, as well as the ancient ten thousand households, in order to complete the dream of flying to the blue sky, he tied 47 homemade rockets to a chair, sat on it, held 2 large kites in both hands, and then asked people to ignite and launch, Wanhu actually used their own lives to practice this dream, which is actually a desire of the ancient people for the dream of the blue sky. But today's wooden kite is different, it condenses the wisdom of our ancient people and the hope for the dream of flying, but also really for our ancestors, but also for our tengzhou people to realize the dream of flying. In the long river of history, countless ancestors sacrificed their precious lives to realize their dreams, and spent a lot of effort, especially in modern times, from October 15, 2003, the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft carried the first Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei to space, and then on October 17 this year, the Shenzhou 11 manned spacecraft was launched at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in China. And this spirit of craftsmanship in a big country is also in line with our history. What I understand about the spirit of craftsmanship in a big country is to do my job well, eat hard, not be proud, and study diligently. In addition to the exquisite technology here, it is more important to have the love of the profession, the tacit understanding of the integration of man and machine with love, the persistence of drilling a line of drilling with affection, and the responsibility to forge swords for the country. ”
The spirit of china's craftsmen has been endless since ancient times. Mozi, the founder of the Mojia School, was a thinker, scientist, or a famous craftsman. This paper aims to analyze the lack of the current craftsman spirit by interpreting the basic connotation of the Mozi craftsman spirit, and then explain the reference significance of the Mozi craftsman spirit to the cultivation of the craftsman spirit today; From the three aspects of education, media, and system, it proposes ways to cultivate the spirit of craftsmen.
Mozi, at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, put forward the views of "simultaneous love, non-attack, shangxian, and thrift", which had a profound impact on future generations; However, the thought of Mozi that the author studied is the craftsman spirit that exists in his thoughts, and the connotation of the craftsman spirit includes the spirit of Shangshi, the spirit of humanitarianism and the spirit of innovation. The study of this problem is of great significance to solve some problems in the current society and to carry forward the spirit of craftsmanship in the new era.
The connotation of Mozi's craftsman spirit
The spirit of craftsmanship has been vividly described as early as in the "Book of Poetry" in "such as cutting like a discussion" and "like grinding". More than 2,000 years ago, in the Warring States Period, we gave birth to two world-class craftsmen, Mozi and Luban. If the "craftsman spirit" traces its origin and finds its original meaning, it is the "Banmo spirit": "Build a knowledge-based, skilled, and innovative labor force, carry forward the spirit of labor models and the spirit of craftsmen, and create a glorious social trend of labor and a dedicated atmosphere of excellence." ”
The craftsman spirit of Mozi is first embodied in the shangshi spirit of Mozi, that is, focusing on practical results. Mozi's focus on practical results should be explained by his concept of righteousness and profit. The Mojia school's view of righteousness and profit is at odds with the traditional Confucian view of "emphasizing righteousness over profit" and the "heavy profit over righteousness" of the Sons of the Dharma. Mozi mentions in the Mozi Sutra: "Righteousness, profit", that is, morality and interest are convergent in status; However, the "benefit" advocated by Mozi is the "benefit" of "benefiting the people". The Mojia school believes that politics are clear, the people are profitable, the country is rich, the material information is sufficient, and the people have warm clothes and food, so they can have no worries. The focus and practical effect contained in the spirit of Mozi craftsmen are all for the "righteousness" characterized by "benefiting the people", which fully reflects the spirit of Mozi's heavy profits and noble use.
Innovative spirit
The spirit of innovation is the soul of the craftsman spirit, and the craftsman Mozi will certainly not lack the spirit of innovation. According to legend, "Mozi was a wooden kite, formed in three years, and flew for a day and was defeated." Although, Mozi studied the "wooden harrier" for three years, the test flight was defeated in one day; However, the wooden kite, which only flew for one day, was the earliest kite in China. It can be seen that Mozi is very innovative, and does not hesitate to spend time and energy, tirelessly, manufacturing for three years, and finally becoming a "wooden harrier". Later, Lu Ban transformed the "wooden harrier" and innovated again, making the "wooden harrier" into a "kite". At that time, the "kite" was used as a reconnaissance tool in the military, and it was also used for ranging, crossing dangers, and manned. It can be seen that innovation drives development, grasping innovation is grasping development, and seeking innovation is seeking the future. Craftsmen in the new era should have the practical spirit of Mozi's emphasis on utility and the humanitarian care full of light and heat.
Second, the performance of the lack of contemporary craftsman spirit
Over the past four decades of reform and opening up, China's economic development has made achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. In 2018, Fortune magazine released a new edition of the World's Top 500 list. China has 120 companies entering the world's top 500 companies, which is second only to the United States, which ranks first. However, under the new situation, the problem of short boards is also becoming increasingly prominent, and problems such as shoddy manufacturing and counterfeiting are emerging in an endless stream, which have become obstacles to The Made in China's 2025 Action Plan. The author starts with the problems existing in the current handicraft industry and manufacturing industry to explore the practical significance of the Mozi craftsman spirit in the current situation.
Third, the cultivation of the spirit of craftsmanship
At present, China is experiencing a process of transformation from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power. In this process, we not only need scientists with a high level, but also need big country craftsmen with strong technical level and sense of responsibility. Therefore, reshaping craftsmen who meet the development needs of the new era is the need of current social development.
(1) Cultivate people's sense of craftsmanship through education
The family is the cell of society, and the parent is the enlightener of the child's thought. Whether family education can fully play the role of cultivating the spirit of craftsmen is related to the inheritance and development of the spirit of craftsmen in the future. First of all, parents should strengthen the education of their children's values, and let their children establish the concept of "glorious labor, valuable skills, and great creation". Secondly, parents should encourage their children to carry out meaningful practices, usually let their children do housework, and cultivate children's concept of respecting labor and being positive in practice. With sunshine and hope in mind, we can persevere and strive for excellence in the pursuit of the value of life.
School education should also be coordinated with family education. As a talent training base, it is necessary to cultivate the spirit of students' craftsmen from an early age and establish a professional ethics concept. In primary and secondary schools, students should cultivate the spirit of craftsmanship by setting an example. The power of example is infinite, the school through the telling of the story of craftsmen, to set an example for students to learn, and then guide students to establish a correct concept of occupation, understand the love of the post, firmly establish professional ideals, strengthen professional responsibility.
(2) Publicize the spirit of craftsmanship through the media
In today's global information integration, emerging media play an increasingly important role in promoting economic development, promoting social progress, improving people's quality of life, and advocating civilization. At present, the publicity of the craftsman spirit should adapt to the new media as soon as possible, increase the publicity efforts, and promote the excellent national spirit, so as to inherit the excellent craftsman culture.
For the inheritance and cultivation of the spirit of craftsmen, we must strengthen the publicity of the media, create a good atmosphere of "respect for the profession and respect for labor", and at the same time, we should vigorously publicize the outstanding craftsmen in ancient China. There are many outstanding craftsmen in the history of our country, and the outstanding craftsman Lu Ban is the grandfather of the carpenter and the "holy ancestor of hundreds of workers"; Ding Huan was a famous craftsman and inventor in the Western Han Dynasty in China, who invented the "incense burner". In the new era, we should vigorously publicize excellent craftsmen, take craftsmen with exquisite technical skills and professionalism as an example, so that the spirit of craftsmen can take root in the spiritual world of all the people and become the driving force for the further development of the national manufacturing industry.
The spirit of craftsmanship is not a slogan, not only the state must give protection from the level of the legal system, but also the enterprise must have relevant institutional provisions to support it. Only by ensuring the salaries and benefits of employees with craftsman spirit, ensuring their sense of gain, and enabling them to be recognized and respected by society and enterprises, will more and more craftsmen with "craftsman spirit" emerge in society.