Today, China's independently developed integral solid rocket engine with the largest thrust and engineering application in the world has been successfully tested in the fourth academy of aerospace science and technology group.
The success of the test marks a significant improvement in China's solid carrying capacity, which is of great significance to promoting the development of large and heavy carrier rocket technology in the future.
Modern rocket space theory originated in Russia, in the early 20th century, the famous Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky theoretically proved that multistage rockets can overcome the gravitational pull of the earth and enter space, and established the basic mathematical equations of rocket motion, laying the foundation for space flight dynamics.
However, the earliest rockets in history originated in China.
The term "rocket" first appeared in the Three Kingdoms era. During the Three Kingdoms period, during Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition to wei, when he led an army to attack Chen Cang, the Wei general Hao Zhao used an arrow tied to the arrow department that was soaked with grease and other flammable materials, ignited it, and fired a cloud ladder that burned the Shu army to besiege the city, and defended Chen Cang.
The word "rocket" has been used ever since. At this time, the rocket can be said to be very simple, and even in principle it is far from the real rocket.
Real rockets developed after gunpowder was fired. Because of the influence of The Taoist and Yin-Yang doctrines, the ancient Chinese people had a historical tradition of alchemy for eternal life, and in the process of alchemy, alchemists stumbled upon the formula of gunpowder.
According to the Fan Zi Ye Ran, "Saltpeter out of the Long Dao". It is said in the book that "with sulfur, male and yellow saltpeter, and honey burned", the phenomenon of "burning, burning the hand noodles and burning the house" will occur. This is the earliest book that china has seen today to record the formula of gunpowder, which was written in about the eighth and ninth centuries. The "dense" here should be the "honey" of honey. Honey heating turns into charcoal. Sulfur, saltpeter and charcoal are mixed, and this is the recipe for gunpowder.
At least in the last years of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military. Around the tenth century, during the reign of Emperor Aizong of Tang, King Zheng fan led an army to attack Yuzhang, "sending out a flying fire" and burning the city gate. This is the earliest record of a siege of a city with gunpowder.
Gunpowder appeared on the battlefield, which had a profound impact on the ancient battlefield, and the era of cold weapons began to transition to hot weapons.
During the Two Song Dynasties, the "rockets" that were really used for war began to appear. According to the "Song Shi Bing Ji" record: In 970 AD, the military department ordered Shi Feng ji to enter the rocket method, which was to tie the powder canister at the front of the arrow shaft, ignite it, and then use the reaction force of the gas spewed backwards by the gunpowder to shoot out the arrow cluster, which is the world's earliest jet rocket.
At this time, the rocket was created using the principle of gunpowder gas reaction force, and was no longer the original mechanical launch with the help of bowstring.
The emergence of gunpowder is not only used in the military, but also widely used in the civilian population. Fireworks made from gunpowder and gunpowder gas reaction schematics are quietly popular among the people.
Fireworks with dazzling colors bloom in the night sky and are the most beautiful scenery of the festival, and Xin Zhiyi once wrote: "The east wind blooms flowers and thousands of trees at night, and even more blows down, and the stars are like rain." This is probably the appearance of fireworks in the eyes of the ancients!
When fireworks were born, the specifics are no longer verifiable, during the Ming Dynasty, various types of fireworks have reached more than a hundred. The principle of attributing fireworks actually bears great resemblance to rockets!
Until the Ming Dynasty, rocket technology was rapidly developed, and various military technicians made a variety of rockets propelled by the reaction force of gunpowder and used these rockets for military warfare.
Swarm
In the "Battle of Jingnan", when Zhu Di led his army to fight against Emperor Jianwen's troops, he was shot by Jianwen Emperor's troops", which is the earliest record of "jet rockets" used for war in China.
A swarm of rockets
A swarm of bees is a large cluster rocket. The "swarm of bees" is large in size, loads many rockets, and the total powder line is ignited, which is instantaneously launched, which can kill and injure the enemy in a large area.
In the Yuan and Ming dynasties, using the technology of rocket multi-stage series or parallel (bundle), a variety of rocket weapons appeared, the important ones are the thunder cannon, the fire dragon out of the water, the divine fire flying crow, the flying sand cylinder, the ten thousand enemies and so on.
The Heavenly Thunder Cannon is very similar to the Divine Fire Flying Crow. The Divine Fire Flying Crow is a "crow" made of bamboo grates, its interior is filled with gunpowder, and the sides of the "crow body" are also equipped with "fire", and the reaction force after igniting the "fire" can make the "crow" fly more than a hundred feet away. When the Crow landed, the gunpowder exploded and the fire raged.
Divine Fire Flying Crow
The Heaven-Shaking Thunder Cannon and the Divine Fire Flying Crow can be said to be the earliest missiles.
The "fire dragon out of the water" is a relatively high-level "two-stage rocket": a large bamboo tube five feet long is used to make the shape of a dragon, and two large rockets are planted in front and behind the "dragon body". The two large rockets are actually equivalent to the first stage of rockets, used to propel the "dragon body" to fly. Several rockets are installed in the "Dragon's Belly", which is the second stage. When using it, first ignite the first stage rocket, the "fire dragon" flew two or three miles away, and the fuse burned the second stage rocket installed in the "dragon's belly", and they flew straight out of the "dragon's mouth" to burn the enemy.
When you think of rockets, you can't help but mention a famous person - wanhu. The real name of Wanhu is Tao Chengdao, which is derived from zhu Yuanzhang's name of "Enlightenment", and he likes to study alchemy techniques. After an alchemy accident, it was converted to trial firearms.
In the last year of the Yuan Dynasty, Tao Chengdao led a group of disciples to present the Fire Artifact Technique to Zhu Yuanzhang. In the past wars, he repeatedly built up his miraculous feats, and was rewarded by Zhu Yuanzhang as "Ten Thousand Households", and since then Tao Chengdao has been called "Ten Thousand Households".
In his later years, Wanhu wanted to realize his dream of flying through the rockets he built, and he held two large kites and sat on a snake-shaped flying car with forty-seven rockets tied to it. He then ordered people to light the rocket.
Listen to "Boom! There was a loud noise, smoke billowing around the flying car, and flames churning. In an instant, the flying car had left the ground, slowly rising into the air, and soon, the rocket that lifted off issued a "boo" sound, exploded, and Wanhu and his flying dream remained forever on the endless sky dome.
This is the first time in thousands of years that a human being has challenged the infinite space overhead, and the world's first hero to use a rocket to fight into space. Although his efforts failed, his idea of lifting off with rocket thrust was the first in the world, so he was recognized by the world as the "true ancestor of spaceflight".
In order to commemorate the world's aerospace ancestor Tao Chengdao, world scientists named a ring-shaped volcano on the moon "Wanhu Mountain".
Nowadays, China's aerospace technology is changing with each passing day, from Dongfanghong I to manned spaceflight, China's "Tiangong-1" space station, and then to the future moon landing, Mars landing, our motherland, every day is creating miracles, the future universe, will leave our figure!