The main pests and diseases of olive oil and their control measures
Wang Baoxin
Olive oil has a high edible value, rich in high-quality edible vegetable oil—— — olive oil, contains a large number of unsaturated fatty acids, its nutritional value is much higher than the content of unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils extracted from other plant fruits. And olive oil does not contain cholesterol, is easy to be digested and absorbed by the human body, has a significant protective effect on cardiovascular, can also antioxidant, delay aging, has extremely high nutritional value for the human body, has other types of vegetable oils do not have the natural advantages, based on this, olive oil has become the world's best-selling green and healthy edible oil.
1 Materials and methods
1.1 The basic situation of the survey area
Chengdu olive cultivation and planting base is concentrated in Jintang County, Chengdu, the land is located in the northeast of Chengdu Plain, the topography is mainly manifested as mountainous hills, belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with the characteristics of early spring, long summer, short autumn and winter.
1.2 Survey Methodology
Methods such as field investigation, real-time recording, and live analysis are adopted, combined with the local pest and disease situation, the control methods and control effects of pests and diseases are analyzed, and the most economically applicable pest control methods are selected to efficiently and reasonably control pests and diseases.
2 Survey results
2.1 Major disease conditions
A total of 21 diseases that have been reported as harming olive oil olives have been reported, and the diseases found in Jintang County, Chengdu City, are: dry rot, peacock spot disease, anthrax, green blight, and bituminous coal disease. After investigation, the most serious harm is peacock spot disease, bituminous coal disease and dry rot disease. In particular, peacock spot disease is the most significant pest.
2.2 Major pest situations
After field surveys, in jintang county olive cultivation and planting base, a large area of olive oil has been threatened by insect pests to varying degrees. The main insect pests are: large-grained transverse ditch elephant, cloud-spotted sky cow, snail, wood beetle moth, scarab beetle. The most serious threats are the large-grained transverse groove elephant and the cloud-spotted celestial bull, which are mainly manifested by larvae nibbling on the trunk of the plant.
3 Major diseases and prevention measures
3.1 Olive malachonia
3.1.1 Symptoms occur. Olive malachonia is the most common and harmful disease in olive cultivation. Mainly harmful to the leaves, it will also infect young branches and fruits, causing a large number of olives to fall leaves, weakening the tree potential, and then seriously affecting the yield of olive oil. There are 2 peaks of incidence in a year, which occur in spring and autumn, and the incidence is more serious in low-lying planting plots with poor drainage and permeability.
3.1.2 Prevention and control methods. (1) Formulate a strict seedling quarantine and disease prevention and control system to prevent the spread of olive malachite disease with the introduction of olive seedlings. (2) Select olive oil seedling varieties with strong disease resistance, strengthen the management measures and management concept of olive oil cultivation and planting base, optimize the disease resistance genes of olive oil seedlings, enhance tree potential, and improve their disease resistance. (3) After special weather such as strong winds and rain, arrange personnel to collect and clean up the fallen leaves and fruits on the ground of the planting base, and concentrate on destroying them to keep the ground in the woodland clean, so that the pathogenic infestation source has no parasitic source and habitat. (4) When peacock spot disease breaks out, spray Bordeaux liquid once every half a month, the concentration ratio of the liquid medicine to water is 1..150, and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid or 50% benmycine 1000 times liquid can also be sprayed.
3.2 Olive oil anthrax
3.2.1 Symptoms occur. Olive anthrax is a common disease of olive oil, mainly harmful to the branches, leaves, fruits, shoots and other plant organs of olive oil, mainly harmful to leaves, fruit fall, affecting olive yield. At the beginning of the disease, brown round spots appear on the tree, and as the disease deepens and expands, its center is concave inward, some areas will become gray-white, and white rings are distributed around the spots, and black granular objects will appear in the center of the spots, generally arranged in a circular pattern. It is mainly transmitted by rain or insects.
3.2.2 Prevention and control methods. (1) Strengthen management measures, improve the environmental conditions of cultivation and breeding bases, enhance tree potential through certain auxiliary means, properly prune the canopy, and improve disease resistance. (2) Large-fruit olives that are susceptible to diseases, according to their specific uses, implement early harvesting measures to reduce the chance of fruit trees. (3) In the early stage of olive oil results, spray Bordeaux liquid 100 times liquid, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid, 70% methyl tolbuzin wettable powder 500 ~ 800 times liquid, 65% Daisen zinc wettable powder 500 ~ 800 times liquid or 50% Daisen manganese zinc wettable powder 500 ~ 1000 times liquid.
3.3 Olive blight
3.3.1 Symptoms occur. Olive blight is a devastating disease of olive oil. At the beginning of the disease, the plant growth stagnated, the leaf gloss decreased significantly, some plants showed no germination, late germination, and in the process of disease development, the leaves began to roll back, and then the color changed to brown, dead and fell; at the same time, ulcer plaques appeared on the main branch, and the whole plant gradually dried up.
3.3.2 Prevention and control methods. (1) The location of the planting base is also an effective measure for the prevention of olive blight, and try to choose land that has not been planted with solanaceous, peanut, sesame and other crops for planting. (2) Timely treatment or removal of scattered diseased strains, and then soil disinfection treatment. (3) At the beginning of the disease, 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder 3000 times liquid or 25% copper hydrochlorine 500 times liquid can be used for root irrigation. For olive oil, which has lost its production value, the spread of the disease is stopped by means of removal.
4 Major pests and control measures
4.1 Cloud-spotted celestial cattle
4.1.1 Symptoms occur. The cloud-spotted celestial cow is one of the most serious pests of olive oil, the larvae mainly moth the trunk of the olive plant, and the adult insects feed on the leaves, shoots, and new branch cortex.
4.1.2 Prevention and control methods. (1) Strengthen the inspection, using the characteristics of the adult cloud-spotted tianniu to artificially capture and kill insects by taking advantage of the characteristics of the adult cloud-spotted cattle, and the fake death when frightened. Hammering the eggs, or hitting the slot with a pebble or hammer can smash the dead eggs. (2) In the adult stage, Tianniu can spray "Green Weilei" touch-through microcapsules on the trunk, block holes such as aluminum phosphide tablets and zinc phosphide sticks for larvae that have invaded the trunk, inject pesticides with syringes, etc., and seal the borer holes with wet soil after the poison tag is inserted or the liquid is injected, so as to fumigate the larvae, pupae or adult worms in the moth tract to death. (3) Artificial release of pathogenic fungi or natural enemy insects such as Sichuan scleroderma and swollen leg bees.
4.2 Large-grained transverse groove elephant
4.2.1 Symptoms occur. The large-grained transverse groove elephant is one of the common olive pests. The larvae feed on the phloem such as the trunk and branches, and the adults bite the skin of the young branches, causing the whole plant to die.
4.2.2 Prevention and control methods. (1) Clean up the deciduous weeds in the forest at any time, and grasp the trunk of the adult insect during the spawning period and paint it white. (2) Actively organize surprise hunting and killing of adult insects. (3) In the early stage of larval infestation, use 40% oxidized Leguo emulsion 100 times liquid to apply and spray on the larvae for the affected area; or use 70% octyl thiophosphorus emulsion 500 times liquid, spray on tree trunks, branches, soil and other places for prevention and killing. (4) Timely removal of insect pests with no control value in order to eliminate the source of insects.