China has a long history and cultural tradition of folk games. In order to promote the inheritance and innovation of traditional culture and stimulate the vitality of folk games, Chongqing Yubei Qingling Kindergarten screens and transforms traditional folk games according to the principles of typicality, age-appropriateness, fun, education and the characteristics of children's physical and mental development, and develops a series of meaningful, childlike and valuable kindergarten folk game kindergarten courses to promote the all-round development of children's physical and mental development.
First, folk sports games make young children move
Folk sports games are one of the important contents of children's health education, it comes from life, not only a wide range of content, diverse forms, different ways of playing, a strong local atmosphere, but also simple and easy to learn, suitable for the nature of young children, not only to bring the joy of sports to young children, but also to promote the healthy and harmonious development of children's bodies, and cultivate the ability to cooperate with their peers.
Folk sports games are divided into equipment and freehand in the kindergarten curriculum, and develop children's balance, agility and strength through walking, climbing, jumping, throwing and other activities. Equipment games include stilts, tail pulling, throwing handkerchiefs, sieges, flower palanquins, jumping leather bands, etc.; freehand games include eagles catching chickens, mice on the lampstand, sesame doors, wild ducks, cockfighting, grabbing four corners, etc. When outdoor activities, choose some folk games with large exercise and develop children's large muscle movements, and adopt a combination of collective and decentralized activities. Group activities are mainly based on playing sports equipment, small sports toys and small games, such as stilts, jumping rope, rolling iron rings, shaking bamboo and so on. When dispersing activities, children are free to find play partners according to their wishes, choose their own toys, choose their own ways of playing or agree on the rules of the game, such as lifting flower palanquins, weaving flower baskets, occupying four corners, etc.
For example, jumping the grid, the most common way to play is to jump all the grids one by one according to the numbers in the grid, in order of sequential numbers. When the child is familiar with the gameplay, he can choose the number jump according to the requirements of the game partner, or he can choose to jump single and double number, single foot jump or double foot jump. On this basis, the game can be upgraded again, choose a string of bottle caps to wear up the ring in the lattice, each time before jumping the lattice first kick the bottle cap into the next lattice, and then jump over, the bottle cap kick out of the lattice to calculate the game. By changing the gameplay to adapt to the physical development needs of young children of different ages.
Second, folk entertainment games teach young children to learn to follow the rules
Folk entertainment games have a strong regional cultural atmosphere and strong interest, which can not only enrich children's emotional experience, but also cultivate children's awareness of rules in the game, so that children can learn to control their behavior and consciously abide by the rules of the game in the process of participation.
We screened the top pot lid, the point of the soldiers, the saw, the pat barley, the push and grind, the drum and the flower, the pile of steamed buns, the zhang tie li iron, the card handle, the wooden man, the snare, the tofu block, the fat baby on Chengdu and other entertainment game content suitable for children's emotional experience and rule awareness cultivation. For example, in the folk game "Point Soldier Point General", two young children become generals, the rest of the young children play soldiers standing in a row, the general from left to right read the children's song "Point Soldier Point General, Point Soldier Point General, Point to Whom...", each word is read to point to a young child, when reading "Who is my shrimp soldier crab general" "General", it is determined to choose this young child as a member of the general, and the second general repeats the action of pointing soldier point general. The children participated in the arrangement of the team with great expectation, and in the process of pointing "soldiers" and "generals" again and again, everyone gradually learned to stand in line before and after, and developed a good habit of queuing.
Third, encourage children to explore independently in folk puzzle games
Folk puzzle games have a long history and rich resources, which help to develop children's perception, observation, memory, thinking, imagination and operation skills. In order to inherit and develop the educational value of folk puzzle games, we have developed and collected a large number of folk puzzle games, such as picking sticks, grabbing seeds, flipping ropes, backgammon, checkers, tangrams, zodiac row sorting, fighting field chickens, etc.
In order to increase the fun of the game, the teacher adapts the gameplay of the puzzle game. For example, the original way to play the stick was 2-3 people in groups, divided into orders by guessing boxing or other methods. At the beginning of the game, the first toddler holds the popsicle stick in his hand, then scatters it on the table, and takes another stick to pick up the stick on the table, but cannot touch other sticks, and if he touches it, he will lose. The two take turns playing until the stick on the table is finished, counting who picks the most, and the number of people wins. After the children are familiar with the way to play, the teacher changes the way of playing, the way to play one: increase the red stick, pick the red stick represents 5 ordinary sticks, and the number of small sticks selected in the end is the winner; the second way to play: increase the yellow stick, pick the yellow stick can stir the stick once, and finally pick the number of sticks to win.
Fourth, folk handicraft games allow young children to learn to create
China is a country with a long history of civilization, with a rich and rich cultural heritage, folk handicraft art is a wonderful flower of Chinese folk culture, handicraft art includes paper cutting, fabric art, embroidery, rubbing, face art, clay sculpture, face mask, shadow puppet, kite, rattan weaving, etc., many folk crafts have been declared as intangible cultural heritage. However, with the changes of the times and the development of science and technology, although some handicraft arts are still circulating, but the number of people engaged in them has become less and less, in order to better pass on these handicrafts, we have incorporated some folk handicrafts into the kindergarten game curriculum.
In the folk handicraft games, we have selected representative folk handicraft games such as paper-cutting, clay sculpture, weaving, origami, etc., and innovated in terms of content, materials, and gameplay to make them conform to the characteristics of the times and the age characteristics of young children. We create a good play environment for young children in folk handicraft games, provide rich play materials and tools, let young children actively participate in folk handicrafts, promote the development of small muscles of the hand and the development of hand and eye coordination ability in paper-cutting, clay sculpture, origami and other games, and enhance children's aesthetic feelings, aesthetic tastes, aesthetic expressions, aesthetic creation capabilities.
Fifth, folk festival games allow young children to build cultural self-confidence
Traditional Chinese festivals are an important part of China's long history and culture, and an important form of recording the rich and colorful social and cultural life of the Chinese nation. In the survey of traditional Chinese festivals, it was found that young children know that the food customs of the Mid-Autumn Festival are moon viewing, eating moon cakes, etc. When asked why young children appreciate the moon and eat moon cakes, only 6.7% of young children know that it represents reunion, 53.3% of young children do not know why, and 30% of young children feel that it is because of the festival. It can be seen that children feel the cultural atmosphere of the Mid-Autumn Festival mainly through food customs in their daily lives, and have a preliminary perception and understanding of the Mid-Autumn Festival, while the cultural connotation of the Mid-Autumn Festival is still not clear. Therefore, it is of great significance to infiltrate folk festival games into the kindergarten curriculum.
According to the age characteristics of young children, we select festive activities and games suitable for children aged 3-6 to play, and take children to understand the origin and customs of traditional Chinese festivals and understand the special significance of various festivals in major traditional festivals such as Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and so on. For example, the Spring Festival's guessing lantern riddles, sugar gourds, shaking the Lantern Festival, the Qingming Festival's kite flying, shooting willows, the Dragon Boat Festival's catching rice dumplings, catching dragon tails, the Mid-Autumn Festival's moon cakes, dragging stones, etc., let children feel and understand the customs and culture of traditional Chinese festivals in the game. In the "pile moon cake" game, the toddler reads the children's song "August 15th Mid-Autumn Festival, the full moon cake is coming, we stack it together, taste the moon cake taste good; the moon cake is piled high, the moon cake is piled well, fragrant, sweet, eat everyone laughs", while taking turns to stretch out their hands. The right hand is made to make a fist shape and stick out the thumb. After the first person stretches out, the second person holds the thumb of the first person, the third person holds the thumb of the second person, and when the toddlers say "Eat everyone laughs", the toddlers happily clap each other. During the game, young children know the relationship between the Mid-Autumn Festival and mooncakes by singing nursery rhymes, understand the food culture of the festival, experience the joyful atmosphere of the festival, and initially establish the identity and self-confidence of China's traditional festival culture.
Compared with today's dazzling video games, mobile games and entertainment facilities, simple and traditional folk games have been transformed by the wisdom of teachers and have become an effective way for children to increase their knowledge, develop their intelligence and enhance their physique, bringing great joy to children's growth and leaving unforgettable childhood memories for children.
(Deng Xuemei Tu Delan The author is Chongqing Yubei Qingling Kindergarten)
People's Education Magazine, No. 5, 2021
Author: Deng Xuemei Tu Delan