Bertolt Brecht

Bertolt Brecht, Bertol Brecht, German dramatist and poet. His father was the director of a paper factory, and his mother suffered from breast cancer at a young age. As a child, Brecht was a frail child, who was sent to a nursing home due to congenital heart disease, attended the church elementary school at the age of six, received an education in Latin and humanities, and began writing while in school, becoming the publisher and editor of the student magazine Harvest. At the age of sixteen he began writing for local newspapers and wrote his first play, The Bible. In 1917, Brecht went to Munich to study medicine at the Ludwig-Maximiliank University, during which time he attended Artu Kutchell's drama research class, but because he did not like the way he got along with his classmates, he often skipped class and ran home. However, he took advantage of his leisure time to write the script "Barr". During World War I, Brecht was appointed as a hygienist in a military hospital, but it ended quickly because he publicly expressed his confidence in the war. Before becoming a dramatist in Münnig, Brecht found a job writing drama reviews at a newspaper, The Will of the People. In 1922 Brecht's Midnight Drums was staged in theaters in Munich and Berlin, where Brecht won the prestigious Kleist Award for Best Young Playwright. Brecht also began to stabilize his relationships, marrying opera singer Marianne at the age of 24. The following year they gave birth to their first daughter, Hannah. Although married, Brecht, who rarely spends time with his wife and daughter, has other marital problems. After moving to Berlin in 1924, he met the Viennese communist actress Helena Weigel and actively pursued Helena. Helena also bore him an illegitimate child named Steinfen. Brecht later met Elizabeth Hauptmann and worked with her. Brecht divorced Mariana in 1926 and married Helena in 1929. After the 1933 parliamentary arson, Brecht and his family fled to Zurich, then to Denmark, Finland, and in 1941 traveled through Moscow, Vladivostok, and The Port of San Pietro. It was not until 1954 that Brecht was awarded the International Stalin Peace Prize. On August 14, 1956, while studying Beckett's Waiting for Dogo, he died of a heart attack and was buried in the Doroyan Cemetery in Berlin. From 1933 onwards, during his 15-year exile, Brecht's footprints traveled to every corner of Europe and the United States. At his hotel in Zurich, Brecht met Henry Hein hemann, Sigus, and Benjamin and formed a deep friendship; in Moscow, he watched a visiting performance by peking opera master Mei Lanfang; in Hollywood, he became friends with the comedian Chaplin, and by chance, he had a good conversation with Lao She, who was visiting the United States at the time. If the encounter with the world war triggered Brest's thinking about politics, then the fifteen years of wandering in a foreign land brought him into contact with the depths of society and the floating world. This is not only a journey of exile, but also the journey of Brest's growth as a theatrical soul, bringing his drama an immortal charm. The era is that people cannot choose, how to find their own survival in the wandering of fate, and even the way to survive vigorously, Brecht is undoubtedly an irreproachable teacher. In 1918, Brecht wrote his first skit, Barr, attacking the hypocrisy of bourgeois morality, and in 1920 completed the play Midnight Drums. In 1922, he wrote Urban Jungle and wrote a review. In 1922 he was hired by the Munich Little Theater as a theater consultant and director. In 1924, he was invited by the famous director Reinhardt to berlin as a theater consultant for the Deutsches Theater and wrote the play "Man is Man". In 1926, Brecht began to study Marxism-Leninism, began to form his own artistic views, and initially put forward the theory and practice of epic (narrative) drama. His works include The Rise and Fall of Mahagony (1927), The Three Cent Opera (1928), St. Johanna in the Slaughterhouse (1930), and Educational Drama of Baden, Exceptions and Conventions. In 1931, he adapted Gorky's novel Mother into a stage play. In the process of developing into stage drama, Brecht's major plays include: "Roundhead Party and Sharp-headed Party", "Terror and Disaster of the Third Reich", "Biography of Galileo", "Bold Mother and His Children", "The Good Man of Sichuan", "Pantila and His Servant Maddy", and the adapted stage plays "Shuai ke in the Second World War", "Caucasian Gray", etc. He also expounded the theoretical principles and acting methods of epic drama in the form of speeches, papers, and annotations of plays, especially for the thinking of Chinese theater performance art, the more important of which are "The Separation Method of Chinese Theater Performing Arts", "On Experimental Drama", "Buy Brass", "New Techniques of Performing Arts" and so on. After 1948, his plays include "The Days of the Commune" and "Durandeau". As Vice-President of the Academy of Arts of the German Democratic Republic, Brecht was awarded the 1951 State Prize and the 1955 Lenin Peace Prize.

<dl> <dt>Aliases</dt>

<dd>Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht</dd>

<dt>Date of birth</dt>

<dd>1898-02-10</dd>

<dt>Place of birth</dt>

<dd>Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany</dd>

<dt>Date of death</dt>

<dd>1956-08-14</dd>

</dl>