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1. Chapter reading guide
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As the first chapter of "Native China", "The True Colors of The Countryside" has a dominant effect on the content of the whole book. "Homeland" refers to the land of the hometown, which can be borrowed to refer to the hometown. "True colors" are the true face, nature or quality of things. "Local nature" can be understood as "the essence of the hometown" and "the characteristics of the hometown". Combined with the first paragraph, the "hometown" here does not refer to the hometown of someone or a certain type of person, but to "Chinese society". In the first paragraph, the author puts forward the core view of the book, "Chinese society is vernacular", that is, the true color of Chinese society is vernacular.
The author believes that to understand the locality of Chinese society, we must first start from the inseparable relationship between rural people and land. China has a large agricultural population, and "rural people" (farmers) are the foundation of Chinese society. Farmers live by farming, live on the soil, create civilization in the soil, and are also bound by the soil. "Soil" occupies an important place in Chinese culture, and the structural characteristics of agricultural society make farmers inseparable from the land. In terms of the relationship between people and land, the rural population is relatively fixed and rarely flows; in terms of the relationship between people, Chinese farmers live in villages because of the actual needs.
The way of living in the village has created "local" restrictions, so that people in different villages are isolated and separated from each other, and the people in the village are familiar with each other, constituting a society of acquaintances with unique living customs and lifestyles, without strangers. In this kind of society, a relationship between people is formed, familiar with time, trusted by familiarity, and free from rules; man's knowledge of natural objects is also an individual empirical knowledge obtained from familiarity.
Based on the analysis of the causes and effects of the formation of locality in Chinese society, the author reflects on the development and fate of local society in the last paragraph. He believes that in the process of local society moving towards modern society, the original interpersonal relations and lifestyles in local life will gradually produce drawbacks and hinder their own development.
<h1>Second, the paragraph is summarized to the effect</h1>
This chapter consists of seventeen natural paragraphs. The paragraphs shall read as follows:
The first paragraph: From the grassroots level, Chinese society is vernacular. The "countrymen" with their heads and brains are the grassroots of Chinese society.
The second paragraph: Our nation is inseparable from the land, and has created a glorious history on the land, but also is bound by the land.
The third paragraph: "Soil" occupies an important place in our national culture.
Fourth paragraph: Agriculture is directly financed by land. Land cannot be moved, and farmers rarely move.
Fifth paragraph: Peasants cling to the land, and the population is relatively fixed is one of the characteristics of local society.
Sixth paragraph: Even because of reproduction, the rural population will remain closely related to the land after migration.
Paragraph 7: Communities are isolated and separated.
Paragraph 8: The characteristics of Most Chinese farmers living in villages have an important impact on the nature of China's rural society.
Paragraph 9: The Reasons why Chinese Farmers Live in Villages.
Paragraph 10: Villages are relatively isolated and separated, and the life of the local society is local.
Paragraph 11: Local restrictions make the villagers familiar with each other. A vernacular society is a society that is familiar and free of strangers.
Paragraph 12: The relationship between the villagers who are bound by the land is innate.
Paragraph 13: In a society familiar with each other, the villagers have the freedom that comes with rules.
Fourteenth paragraph: The trust of the local society stems from familiarity with the rules of conduct.
Fifteenth paragraph: People who live in the countryside have known each other for a long time.
Sixteenth paragraph: In the local society, people are familiar with each other and the things in the environment in which they grew up, and they gain an understanding of individuality.
Paragraph 17: In the process of entering modern society, the way of life cultivated by local society has produced abuses.
Third, the mind map </h1>
<h1>4. Definition of words</h1>
1. Three major rivers: refers to the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, and the Pearl River.
2. ShiLuguo: Real name Sergei Mikhailovich Shirokogorov (1887~1939), Russian anthropologist Moki, one of the pioneers of modern anthropology. He moved to China in 1922 and spent the second half of his life in China for nearly two decades, and most of his writings were published in China. In 1933, he was a disciple of Xiao Tong, who guided him to engage in ethnological and anthropological research, and made important contributions to the development of Chinese ethnology and anthropology. Representative as the Social Organization of Tunguska.
3. "An Unforgettable Song": A musical film about the real experience of Polish composer Friedrich Chopin. In 1821, Poland was invaded by Tsarist Russia, and Chopin threw himself into the revolution and took refuge in Paris because he angered the governor. Before leaving, his sister grabbed a handful of dirt and put it in her hands to Chopin and said, "Friedrich, this is Polish, you should never forget it!" Chopin took the soil of his hometown and had mixed feelings.
4. Tonnies: Ferdinand Tennis (1855–1936), German sociologist. He considered sociology to be a substantial science for the study of man and his physiological, psychological and social nature, and divided sociology into general sociology and special sociology. His representative works include "Community and Society" and "Introduction to Sociology".
5. Durkheim: Emile Durkheim (1858–1917), French sociologist and anthropologist. Together with Karl Marx and Max Weber, he is listed as the three founders of sociology. Representative works include "Suicide Theory" and "Social Division of Labor" and so on.
6. Confinement: This refers to being confined, restricted from living in a certain place.
7. Contract: refers to a formal instrument of proof of the relationship between sale, mortgage, lease, etc. concluded in accordance with the law.
8. Abuses: Drawbacks that breed or are formed along.
(Transferred from the network.) Liu Zhiqing, Liu Sibo, Ren Min)