In secondary education and above, classical training should be a necessary item. The value of classical training is not in practicality, but in culture. A foreign professor once said that the usefulness of reading the classics lies in teaching people to read the classics. This is a very wise argument. Moreover, to be a fairly educated citizen, at least for the classics of his own country, he also has the obligation to contact.
——Zhu Ziqing, "Classic Talk"
The most important thing in general education is to read books, to guide students to contact the classics of human culture. Don't engage in knowledge "platter", read some relatively recognized basic books, and read through. Whether it is online reading or paper book reading, we must first pay attention to arranging classic reading. Classics are precipitated through historical screening and are the crystallization of human wisdom. Reading more classics when you are young can lay the foundation for spiritual growth. Perhaps, it is natural for young people to come into contact with the classics, including the diaphragm of language form. Reading the classics requires a deep heart, and it needs to "grind the nature", which is also "nourishing nature", which is the process of cultivation.
——Wen Rumin, "Wen Rumin on Reading"
In order to guide students to read good books and classics, the Ministry of Education has issued a reading guidance catalogue to primary and secondary school students across the country. In the series of Chinese translations of the world's academic masterpieces published by our library, "What is Life?" "The Origin of Species", "Theory of the Operation of the Celestial Sphere", "A Brief Theory of Special and General Relativity", "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", Chen Guying Daodian Interpretation of "Lao Tzu's Present Notes and Modern Translation", and "Research on Ancient Chinese Costumes" in the series of modern Chinese academic masterpieces have been included in it. Many books are worth reading together with adults and children, and are treasured as family bookshelfs for family reading and shared with everyone.
1. "Research on Ancient Chinese Costumes": The first general history of Chinese costumes, Mr. Shen Congwen has been immersed in research for more than 20 years; systematic examination of Chinese costume culture, the founding work of ancient Chinese costume disciplines; as a national gift to foreign heads of state, Chinese family collections
The writing of this book is full of hardships.
Writing a book on Chinese costumes began when Mr. Shen was commissioned by Premier Zhou, and until the end of his life, Mr. Shen was doing this. At that time, when Chinese leaders visited abroad, especially the premier, the gift book was the "Xinhua Dictionary" of the Commercial Press, and when they went to various countries, everyone had a costume museum and a wax museum.
The premier said at a special meeting that China has such a long culture that we should compile a gift book. In 1964, entrusted by the prime minister, the History Museum asked Mr. Shen Congwen to start compiling such a book, and also granted Mr. Shen eight assistants a quota. The book is a study of ancient costumes through images. Mr. Shen originally planned to compile a ten-volume book, "Research on Ancient Chinese Costumes" Mr. said that the trial edition, selected 200 pictures, asked colleagues in the history museum to help him complete.
Shen Congwen in the winter of 1978 at the Beijing Friendship Hotel
Supplementary finalization of the Study of Ancient Chinese Costumes
The publication of this book was quite difficult, first the Japanese publishing house came up with it, Mr. Shen said that we Chinese book should be Chinese to publish by ourselves, and finally the Hong Kong Commercial Press completed the book, with a deluxe version and a regular version. Mr. Shen signed the first deluxe sample book and gave it to Deng Yingchao, meaning that he had completed premier Zhou's commission to buy 20 copies of the Chinese Foreign Ministry. Studies on Ancient Chinese Costumes did become a gift book, which I saw on TV. When Nixon visited China, it was given to Nixon as a state gift; when Hu Yaobang visited Japan, it was given to the Japanese emperor; and when Queen Elizabeth of the United Kingdom visited China, it was also given as a state gift.
Mr. Shen fulfilled his wish and fulfilled the entrustment of Premier Zhou. This time, the Commercial Press published a simplified version of the 1981 edition of "Research on Ancient Chinese Costumes", which is a very good thing, and I am very grateful to so many people who like Mr. Shen's book.
2. "Poetry and Speech, Classic Talk": Mr. Zhu Ziqing's representative work, included in Zhu Ziqing's "Classic Talk", written for young readers at the level of middle school students; "a rare reading material for popularizing the knowledge of ancient literature", hoping that "readers can use it as a boat and sail to the classic sea"
Because of the guidance of this book ("Classic Talk"), to contact the ancient books is like reading the map and geography in advance, although it is a new place, it can be the Tao.
—— Ye Shengtao
In the process of writing the Classic Talks, Zhu Ziqing repeatedly appealed: "Middle school students should recite a considerable amount of literature, especially the so-called ancient texts and even ancient books. This is classical training, cultural education. An educated Chinese must at least undergo this classical training to become an educated Chinese. ”
By reading ancient texts, ancient books and traditional classics, "students can understand the inherent culture of their country". "Classic Talks" is such a traditional Chinese culture book intended to be written for young readers at the level of middle school students.
In Zhu Ziqing's own words, his original intention was to hope that "readers can use it as a boat and sail into the classic sea."
3. "Native China Fertility System, Rural Reconstruction": An introductory book on understanding Chinese sociology, including Fei Xiaotong's "Native China", the top work of sociological master Fei Xiaotong; why do Chinese pay so much attention to the orderly growth and childhood? Why is it so difficult to leave the homeland and return to the roots? Why is Chinese society local?
From the grassroots level, Chinese society is local.
When I say that the grassroots of Chinese society is vernacular, it is because I consider that from this grassroots there has been a layer of society that is not exactly the same as the local grassroots, and in the past hundred years, a very special society has emerged on the fringes of contact between the East and the West. We will not mention the characteristics of these societies for the time being, and we will talk about them in the future. Let's focus first on the countrymen who are called the earthen brains. They are the grassroots of Chinese society.
People who make a living by farming understand the preciousness of dirt.
People in the city can use rustic to despise the countrymen, but in the countryside, "soil" is their lifeblood. The god who occupies the highest position in number is undoubtedly the "land." "Land", the god of human nature recently, the old husband and wife, the old couple with the old man, are in charge of all the idle affairs in the countryside. They symbolize precious clay. When I first went abroad, my wet nurse secretly stuffed a bag of things wrapped in red paper under my box. Later, she avoided telling me that if the water and soil were not satisfied, and when I was always homesick, I could cook something wrapped in red paper and cook some soup to eat. It's a bag of dirt on a stove. I saw in the film "An Unforgettable Song" that Poland in the agricultural countries of Eastern Europe has a similar custom, which made me appreciate the place that "soil" occupies and should occupy in our culture.
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Further reading:
Chinese Modern Academic Masterpieces Series (Commemorative Edition Hardcover Edition)
As the source of modern Chinese scholarship, the representative works of scholars in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China have increasingly taken on the meaning of "Yuan Dian". Exploring the century-old learning vein and inheriting ideological innovation, the "Chinese Modern Academic Masterpieces Series" published by the Commercial Press is an important measure to systematically sort out the local century-old modern academic sources.
From the late Qing Dynasty to the late 1980s Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese scholars," the series includes original academic masterpieces (including foreign language works), covering many disciplines such as literature, history, philosophy, politics, economics, law and sociology, and art.
A series of modern Chinese academic masterpieces
4. "Lao Tzu's Notes on the Present and Present Translation": refers to more than 100 kinds of ancient and modern books, the annotations are detailed and easy to understand; the translation is accurate and the text is beautiful; the beginner's standing reference book, the classic guide for in-depth researchers
Mr. Qian Mu said that "Lao Tzu" should be a book that everyone in the Chinese should read. As early as 1,300 years ago, Laozi's books were translated into foreign languages, and the high monks Xuanzang and Taoist priest Cheng Xuanying in the Tang Xuanzong era translated Lao Tzu into Sanskrit.
Good is like water. Water is good for all things without controversy, and is evil to all, so it is more than the Tao.
Live in a good place, have a good heart, be kind and kind, speak well and believe, govern well, do good deeds, and move good times.
Husbands are indisputable, so there is no special.
Translation:
The virtuous are like water. Water is good at moisturizing all things and not competing with all things, staying in the place that everyone hates, so it is closest to the Tao.
The place of residence is good at choosing places, good at keeping calm in the heart, good at treating people with sincere love, good at speaking and abiding by credit, good at streamlining the handling of government, good at giving full play to the strengths of things, and good at grasping the opportunity in action.
Only because there is an indisputable virtue, there is no resentment.
——Quoted from Chen Guying's "Lao Tzu's Present Notes and Translations"
<h1 toutiao-origin="h1" > Chen Gu Ying Daodian interpretation book series</h1>
The "Daoist Interpretation Book Series" is a series of books on the study of Taoist thought by Mr. Chen Guying, a famous professor of philosophy in Taiwan, and five kinds of books have been published so far. The series of books annotates the classic works of The Taoists in the vernacular, and strives to be easy to understand, authoritative and readable while being accurate. It can be said that it is a ladder for lovers of traditional Chinese studies, and continue to study deeply after the introduction.
5. Dream of the Red Chamber
Recommended reading: "New Batch Annotation of the Dream of the Red Chamber" So that "The Dream of the Red Chamber" is no longer "dead or alive can not be read", the first time since the birth of Cheng Yiben," the form of "batch point"; two generations of scholars who have long been engaged in the research and teaching of "Dream of the Red Chamber" have been reading for more than ten years
The appraisal, which is divided into the main body of the body and the general appraisal after the return, is the main part of the book, and it is also its value and characteristics. The critic pays attention to combining traditional forms and modern concepts, digesting and absorbing Western literary and art theories, and interpreting "Dream of the Red Chamber" from a new perspective.
After the relevant text of the main text, the words, sentences, and paragraphs are commented on, revealing their will, connotation, language characteristics, and academic focus, etc., guiding readers to carefully taste the author's original intentions, improve the level of appreciation, and pay attention to the horizontal relationship between "Dream of the Red Chamber" and other novels and literature of the same period, find problems, and point out errors.
The review focuses on the overall conception, artistic characteristics, character image, and relationship between the whole return, guides the reader to recall the previous text, and then grasps the layout of the whole book.
"New Annotations on the Dream of the Red Chamber" has been composed of two generations of scholars who have been engaged in the research and teaching of "Dream of the Red Chamber" for more than ten years, which not only carries forward the essence of the commentary close to the text and meticulous condensation, but also has its own pattern and strict system, which will certainly help the reading acceptance and academic research of "Dream of the Red Chamber".
6. What is Life? The philosophical reflections of the 1933 Nobel Laureate in Physics by Schrödinger, one of the scientific classics of the 20th century; the writing is light and pleasant, the content is vivid and interesting, and it makes conceptual preparations for the discovery of DNA
This book must be among the most influential scientific works of the 20th century. It is a powerful attempt by a physicist to understand the true mysteries of life, and his profound insights have largely changed our understanding of the composition of the world.
- Roger Penrose (famous British mathematician and mathematical physicist)
7. On the Origin of Species: A milestone in the history of science that shook the world with a new system of thought and laid the theoretical foundation for evolution
I am fully convinced that species are not immutable, that those so-called species of the same genus are direct descendants of another ordinary extinct species, just as the recognized variant of any species is the descendant of that species, and that natural selection is the most important, though not the only, way of variation.
In On the Origin of Species, Darwin argues the ideas of "heredity", "variation", and "survival of the fittest by nature" with countless detailed data and rigorous logical reasoning, and comprehensively puts forward the theory of evolution based on natural selection (Theoty ofNatural Selection).
8. "The Theory of the Operation of the Celestial Sphere": Together with "The Origin of Species" and "Interpretation of Dreams", it is called "the three classic works that led to the revolution of human thought"; the pioneering works of the modern scientific revolution have played a crucial role in the formation of the Western modern world view
Assuming that the Earth has the motion which I have given later in this book, I have finally discovered after a long and careful study that if the motion of the other planets is linked to the orbit of the Earth, and calculated according to the motion of each planet, then not only can the observed phenomena of all the planets and spheres be derived, but their order and size, as well as the firmament itself, can be linked together, so that nothing in one part can be moved without causing confusion in other parts and the whole universe.
9. "A Brief Theory of Special and General Relativity": A small book written by Einstein himself, a popular explanation of the theory of relativity, one of the important classic works in the physics department
This is the only popular scientific work written by Einstein, which shows the importance he attaches to the theory of relativity. According to him in the preface to the book:
This book is intended to enable readers who are interested in relativity from a general scientific and philosophical point of view and do not have the mathematical tools to grasp theoretical physics to understand it as precisely as possible.
This wonderful little book introduces the theoretical basis and main ideas of relativity, as clear and concise as Euclidean geometry, and as philosophical as Einstein himself.
There is not a single superfluous sentence in the whole book, and it does not leave the question of elegance to the tailors and shoemakers, as Einstein humbled himself. After all, what is elegance? Elegance lies not in the richness and magnificence of words, but in the depth and simplicity of thought. Is there anything more elegant than F=ma and E=mc2?
10. "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy": In terms of the originality of ideas, there is no work in the entire history of science that can be compared with "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"; it has not only influenced the study of natural sciences for hundreds of years, but also had a very important impact on the way of thinking of human beings
No one before Newton, nor after Newton, could have had such a great and profound influence on European science and thought.
< h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > everything Newton wrote lived in later works of the physical sciences. </h2>
<h2 toutiao-origin="h2" > – Einstein</h2>
The purpose of this treatise is to develop mathematics until it relates to philosophy.
Philosophers have said that nature is never useless, and that when there is less, more is more. Because nature is simplex and does not indulge in too many reasons.
- Newton
Considered a great scientific work, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy has had a revolutionary impact on physics, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. In his writing style, Newton followed the axiomatic model of ancient Greece, deriving propositions from definitions and laws (axioms); for specific problems, he compared the results derived from the theory with the observations. The axiomatic system of classical mechanics established in this book laid a solid theoretical foundation for the entire modern scientific edifice.
Chinese translation of the world's academic masterpieces series
The books selected in this series of books are not limited to one school of positions and views, and the subject areas are not limited to one discipline, but all are the essence of the ideas and cultures of various eras, countries and peoples since the beginning of civilization, representing the spiritual realm that mankind has reached. The series of books systematically translates and introduces the world's academic classics, leads the thinking of the times, provides rich cultural nourishment for the development of local original scholarship, and makes outstanding contributions to promoting China's modern scholarship and modernization process.
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