After the discovery of "Yanran Mountain Ming", in response to the ardent attention and urgent needs of the public, I wrote the book "Discovery of Yanran Mountain Ming" (published by Sanlian Bookstore in August 2018). The book was first serialized in the Private History section of The Paper). Among them, regarding the text content of the "Yanran Mountain Inscription", which is the so-called "text" problem, it was limited to the materials that could only be used at that time, but the topography photos published by the inscription discoverer on the Internet.
In the book "Discovering the Yanran Mountain Inscription", I clearly told the reader that at that time, "the identification and interpretation of the "Yanran Mountain Inscription" was a preliminary attempt made under the condition of very insufficient conditions, and naturally there were many flaws and regrets. But I believe that such work is of positive significance. This is because even if the conditions are sufficient, people's understanding of historical things and historical problems can only be a gradual process. "Now, with the new extension and better conditions, we can make a better restoration of this inscription."
"Yanran Mountain Ming" rubbings by Mr. Chen Guorong (filmed by Mr. Wang Longxiao)
The so-called "better conditions" mainly include the following three aspects: (1) On December 11, 2019, at the invitation of Professor Qimud Dorji of Inner Mongolia University, I participated in the "Sino-Mongolian Joint Inspection of Yanran Mountain Ming Achievement Symposium" (hereinafter referred to as the "Symposium") held by the university. At the symposium, Mr. Zimed Dolgi and his team announced to the attendees and the society as a whole the new rubbings they had just hammered that summer. (2) This new extension was specially invited by Mr. Qimud Dorji to mr. Chen Guorong, an expert of Shandong Jinshi. The rubbings developed by Mr. Chen Guorong reflect the original appearance of this carved stone to the greatest extent, especially its surface form, and these situations have important reference value for the reasonable restoration of the text of the inscription. Mr. Chan Kwok Wing also attended the meeting. During the meeting, we asked Mr. Chen Guorong about some specific facts about the carved stone and stone cliff, and obtained more important information. (3) Before I went to Inner Mongolia University to attend the conference, Mr. Dong Shan of the Department of Archaeology of Peking University showed me an extension of the "Yanran Mountain Inscription" produced by other people, as well as a photo of this rubbing, as well as a partial photo of the carved cliff. This extension, in some respects, has better results. Referring to this rubbing and related photos, we can more clearly understand the appearance of this carved stone.
Among the above three contents, the expanded version made by Mr. Chen Guorong has been announced to the whole society. Therefore, this article will be accompanied by a photo of this Tuoben, and the Tuoben and Tuoben photos presented by Mr. Dong Shan are products that are privately pounded and photographed (Tuoben has been donated to the Peking University Library), and I have no right to disclose it, so I have to put it into obscurity. In addition, in addition to the published photos, there are also high-definition electronic texts at Inner Mongolia University, which we have not been able to use this time. This will also have an impact on the final identification result. I hope that readers will be able to understand and understand this.
In addition, at the "symposium" convened by Inner Mongolia University on December 11 last year, Mr. Gao Jianguo, a key member of the team led by Mr. Qimud Dolji, showed ourselves and all the participating scholars his article "The Hanwen Cliffs Found in Mongolia and Their Naming", at which he also briefly described the main theme of this article. This article is mainly based on Mr. Chen Guorong's new rubbings to make some identification and examination of the text of "Yanran Mountain Ming", correcting some of the previous erroneous inferences and some inappropriate understandings made by our people based on the old rubbings on the Internet. Since this is an unpublished exchange material of the conference, the following views in Mr. Gao Jianguo's article that have different understandings with our people will not be discussed, and those who are recognized by our people will be explained as much as possible.
The first thing that needs to be explained is that before, in the case of the extremely blurry photos I saw, in order to use more existing materials to help us identify and restore the "Yanran Mountain Inscription", I recorded the inscription text recorded in the fragment of the Southern Song Dynasty scholar Liu Qiu's "Li Yun" for reference. At that time, I pointed out: "Since there is no strong evidence that the Yanran Shan Ming contained in the Li Yun is a forgery, why don't we first actively refer to and use these texts instead of discarding them?" ...... Even if it turns out that the inscriptions used in the Li Yun are unreliable, it is first necessary for someone to raise this issue and explore this issue in order to be reasonably excluded under the active attention of everyone. Since many of the existing stone inscriptions have lost much of the text, determining whether the text received by the "Li Yun" is reliable or not is itself an indispensable part of the examination and approval of the text of the Yanran Mountain Inscription. "I think it's a positive and prudent attitude towards understanding, and it's also a reasonable process of understanding.
Now, according to the new and clearer rubbings, there are already sufficient reasons to judge that the text of the Yanran Mountain Inscription collected in the "LiYun" should be forged by the Song people; in particular, Mr. Gao Jianguo has pointed out that the words "Ji Xi" that do not exist in the inscription stone in the "Li Yun" are more than enough to completely confirm this point. In this way, this material can be dispensed with when examining the inscription of the stone.
Other general understanding of this inscription, after I went to Inner Mongolia University to attend a "symposium", I immediately published an article entitled "New Discoveries on Yanran Mountain" in the "China Cultural Relics Newspaper", and talked about some of my principled views.
In this article, I said: "Previously, we believed that the entire inscription was written in stone by the writer in a fixed format, and then carved and chiseled by the engraver. According to the text engraving information introduced by Mr. Chen Guorong, this can be further confirmed. Only when the engraving was started, it was temporarily adjusted and rewritten some of the lines. ”
This understanding is the basis for reading the entire inscription, and the basic understanding at that time has not changed to this day. However, after carefully examining the new Tuoben, I found that the statement that "when the engraver was started, he temporarily adjusted and rewrote some lines", that is, now I think that the craftsman who carved the stone was engraved in strict accordance with the handwriting written on the stone wall, and did not make temporary adjustments.
According to the new tautology, it is possible to further confirm the overall layout form of the Yanran Mountain Inscription that we have previously judged, that is, as I said in the "Discovery of Yanran Mountain Inscription", "the arrangement of these 20 lines of inscriptions, in most cases, should be 15 characters per line, which is a very important regularity." In the obscure and ambiguous expanded version at that time, it was of great significance to determine the arrangement of this text, which was of great significance for reading other carved stone characters in combination with the texts of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Selected Texts. Otherwise, a lot of the handwriting is out of sight.
Text description of the relevant exhibition of Inner Mongolia University during the "symposium"
Further confirmation of this law of text arrangement can also help us better understand the changes that seem to be contrary to this law (incidentally, such a view is very different from the initial understanding of relevant scholars at Inner Mongolia University). The preliminary understanding of relevant scholars of Inner Mongolia University can be summarized in the text description of the relevant exhibition of Inner Mongolia University during the "symposium").
First, the first line has only eight words, "Only the first year of the first year of the first year of the autumn and July." Previously, I thought that this was due to the fact that there were more oblique downwards facing the outside of the stone here, so that this line could only write the cross of "But there was Han in the autumn and July of the first year of Yongyuan"; by the time the engraver chiseled the character, the stone surface had collapsed, so that it was impossible to continue engraving the word "Youhan" that had been written on the stone under these eight characters, and had to change these two words to the second line. As a result, the word count of line 2 was increased from 15 to 17.
Now that the text of the new Tuoben has been identified and Mr. Chen Guorong has informed the specific situation of the stone surface of the inscription, it can be seen that the first line of writing is less, not caused by the collapse of the stone surface when the stone surface is obliquely or when the inscription is engraved, but intentionally. In doing so, it is proposed to honor the Han Room, that is, the word "youhan" is deliberately placed at the beginning of the second line.
In the same way, the word count of line 2 is reduced from the rule of 15 to 13. This is to raise the word "Holy Emperor" to the beginning of line 3 to show respect for The Han and Emperor Liu Zhao.
Regarding the word count of these two lines and their causes, Mr. Gao Jianguo has already talked about it during the "symposium". This is an important new realization, and I will explain the specific textual content of these two lines below.
Second, about the text of line 10. Previously, I judged that this line was one less engraved than the other lines, and speculated that the reason for this situation was that the lower stone surface of this line had a more serious peeling, resulting in the inability to engrave normally, so I had to carve one less word. Now, according to the new extension, it can be determined that this inference is correct and in line with the actual situation. However, it is difficult to identify where the vacant word is, and it is possible to count the first, second or third words from the bottom. At present, I prefer to be at the penultimate word, that is, between the words "dye" and "锷".
In addition to these two points, other specific text content needs to be revised or explained as follows.
The second line, according to the new Tuoben, is written as "There is a Han Yuan uncle who rides the general Dou Xianyinliang", a total of 13 characters. There is no space for two words at the end of the line, and there is no text.
Line 3, according to the new Takumoto, is written as "Holy Emperor Wing Royal Family Na Dalu Wei Qing Nai and Zhi Jin Wu". In this line, the word "wing" is very unclear, so let's refer to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Selected Writings. Although the sentence form of the word "Weiqing" is rare, the carved stone text is indeed the same. Line 2 of the upper line and the third line of the lower line can be read as "Yin Liang Holy Emperor, Wing Royal Family, Na Da Lu." Wei Qing, is with The Executioner Kingo Geng Bing "Yun Yun. This is very different from the sentences I originally put forward on the basis of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Selected Writings, and the sentence "Weiqing" does not seem to be smooth enough, but after repeated identification, the original text of the carved stone should indeed be roughly the same.
The word "Weiqing" in the text should be the use of the title of the "Book of Poetry, Zhou Song, Weiqing" to show the oath of the master to go on the expedition. This poem has only four short sentences, and it is praised: "Wei Qing Jie Xi, the classic of King Wen." Zhaoyu has been used to succeed, Wei Zhou Zhizhen. Mao's biography interprets the purpose of this poem as follows: "Playing elephant dance also." Zheng Xuanyun: "Elephant dance, like the dance of stabbing when using soldiers." The Wu King's System. Therefore, Ban Gu mentioned this title in the inscription, which can express the meaning of Dou Xian's oath to go out. The words and phrases of "Emperor Shuo, Conquering the Wild Descent" in the "Inscription of Yanran Mountain" at the end of the "Inscription" echo this.
"The First Edition of the Four Series" Photocopy of the Song Magazine Towel Box Ben Zheng Xuan Notes "Mao Poems"
Line 4, according to the new Takumoto, is "Geng Bingshu Patrol Patrol Soldier Yu Shuofang Ying Yang School". Among them, "圉", I originally wrote "御" from the "Book of later Han" and so on, while the new Tuoben is quite clear in this word, and there is no doubt that the word "圉" is used. The character 圉 is here to interpret the meaning of "frontier", which is more in line with the sentence "(Dou Xian) personally led the warriors and patrolled the territory" in Ban Gu's "Ode to the Northern Expedition of the Che Riding General". The character "Yu" was originally defined as "Yu" from the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, and the new Tuoben character is relatively clear and has been changed. There is also a new Tuoben in the "Zhi" glyph is also generally recognizable, and it is known that the "Book of Later Han" as "Reason" was indeed changed by the Tang people to avoid the name of Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi.
Line 6, according to the new Tuoben, our original reading was "Huanxi Rong Qiang Marquis Wang Changzhi Qixiao Riding Thirty Thousand", which is generally correct, especially the "three" characters of "Xiao Riding Thirty Thousand", the glyph is very clear, and it can be concluded that the "Ten" characters in the Liuchen Annotations and the Hu Carved Ben "Anthology" are correct.
In line 7, the clearer glyphs of the new part of the nuclear Zhuxin Tuoben than the old version show that our original reading of "Yuan Rong Light Wu Chang Hub Four Points Thunder Cover Road Ten Thousand Three" is also generally correct. Among them, the word "Lei Yuan" is not clear in the old Tuoben, of which the word "Lei" is used, and the Book of Later Han is "Cloud", and I follow the "Anthology" to make "Lei". The two words "Thunder" are very clear, which proves that the inferences made by the previous enemies are in line with the actual situation.
The 8th line, our previous old interpretation, reads as "Thousands of Multiplications with Eight Arrays to Threaten the God Xuanjia YaoRi", of which the word "莅", the old Takumoto is vague, it is due to its relatively qualitative and near-ancient, let's put it inference. The new Tuoben is clearly engraved as the word "bit", but the word "bit" is used to pass the words "莅" or "莅" and "莅".
Line 9, according to the new Tuoben, the original interpretation of the Zhiren people reads as "Zhu Qi Dai Tian Sui Ling Gao Que Under the Chicken Deer Through the Moraine Brine Extinction", which is generally correct. Among them, the words "Ling" and "deer" are not clear in the old Tuoben, and I have also made specific analysis. Although these two words are not very clear in the new takumoto, it is more reasonable to review their residual divisions and interpret them as "Ling" and "deer".
Line 10, this line of text, which I used to interpret as "The Desert Chops Wen Yu to Drum Blood Corpses to Dye them One by One", and the new Tuoben can be seen to be generally correct. The reasons for the treatment of vacancies have been discussed earlier.
(2) The "Xiao" character of "Depression", according to the new Tuoben, seems to be engraved as "polyester", so it is changed to "polyester"; the word "strip" is like engraving as "flat", so it is changed to "flat". In this line, although the new Tuoben is vague, it can see more strokes than the old Tuoben, and the traces of these strokes show that the carved stone characters may not be completely consistent with the "Book of later Han" and the "Anthology", and there seem to be many doubtful problems, but at present, it is not recognizable, and I have not found a way to solve it, so I have to leave it at that.
Line 12, which I previously read as "No Legacy, then the Domain Annihilation Zone Is Destroyed and The Passed On", is written in the new Tuoben, except for the words that are still unclear, among which the word "殚" of "Ou Yin" is quite deliberate. This character "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" is "single", and I am following the "Anthology of Literature" and intend to be the character "殚". But now when we look at the new Tuoben, it seems to be the word "falling", and Mr. Gao Jianguo also interprets it in this way. For the time being, in accordance with Gao's view, it was changed to "falling", that is, interpreting it as the meaning of defeat. The character for "斾" (斾) is, according to the new Tuoben, in the form of "旆", which is now changed.
Line 13, which we originally read as "Examining the Map exhaustively viewing its mountains and rivers and rivers and crossing the Anhou Chengyan", verifies the new Tuoben, except for the "span" that seems to be engraved as the "jin" form (Mr. Gao Jianguo has already pointed out this), and knows that it is generally correct. Now let's change "Cross-Anhou" to "Entering Anhou".
In particular, I have highlighted and made a very specific discussion in "Discovering the Yanran Mountain Inscription", that is, the interpretation of this line of text, it is important to remove the word "Sui" derived from the "Book of later Han" and the "Anthology of Literature" before the "Kui Zhuo Evil". This point is of particular significance for accurately understanding Dou Xian's itinerary of the Northern Expedition. According to my understanding, this is also the place where the found carved stone of "Yanran Mountain Inscription" is of the greatest significance to historical research. Looking at the new taunting now, we can further confirm that this word "Sui" must be a derivative text.
On line 14, reviewing the text of the new Tuoben, I know that the original text I interpreted, "The Dragon Court of the Old Emperor will burn the old man", and the word "蹑" should be "dirty"; the rest of the text is still generally correct. The word "will" of "will" is originally absent from the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Anthology of Literature. Now check the new version, this word is clear and recognizable, which can prove that the previous interpretation is correct.
Line 15, compared to the new Takumoto, is read as "to the xuanling of the ancestors of the ancestors of the Gaowen SuO Angry Guang", and the interpretation is generally correct.
Line 16, according to the new Takumoto, our old reading is "Angu Hou Si Restored Taku Tuo Qi Zhen Dahan Heavenly Sound", which is generally correct. Among them, the "㝢" of "畺㝢", the old Takumoto is not very clear. Looking at the new Tuoben today, I know that although this character has omitted the stroke of the upper part of the word "Yu", it has not yet been written in the form of "Yu". The upper part of the character "Yu" is from "厶", and the upper part of the word "禺" is from "甶", so the word is still "㝢" as appropriate.
Line 17, which we originally read as "the so-called one-year-old and long-term temporary expenses and yongning is also", is now a new version, and the old reading is roughly correct. Among them, the word "one", the word "Ning" and the word "person" are not very clear in the old version, but the new version is clear. The word "why" was originally vague, and now the new version is also quite difficult to recognize, but the glyph is more similar to the word "why" and the word "can" is more different.
Line 18, according to the new Tuoben, was read as "Suifeng Shan Magazine Shi Zhao Ming ShangDeQi Ci Yue", which is generally correct. Only the "ci" character book is in the shape of a "word" (Mr. Gao Jianguo has already pointed out this), and the lower part of the "Xin" character on the right is a three-horizontal division of the book. But this is only a matter of variant glyphs, and has nothing to do with the use of words.
Line 20, in the past, I read it as "The Land Boundary Sealing God Qiu Jianlong Shengxi Emperor Zai Zhen Wanshi", now look at the new Tuoben, I know that "Long Sheng" is the book "Lu Jie".
Newly determined "Yanran Mountain Inscription" text
The interpretation of "Lu Jie" is of great significance to understanding the meaning of the "inscription" at the end of the article, that is, the core purpose of the paragraph "癹 Hungary abuse, 钆 overseas, 夐其邈, the boundary of the land, the sealing of the god hill, and the construction of Lu Jie" lies in the word "Lu Jie". So what does this "Lu Jie" refer to? This is the "Shenqiu" Yanran Mountain engraved with the word "HanShan", and Dou Xian uses this natural "Jieshi" to show the dividing point of the Han and Hungarian territories.
As I pointed out in my article "New Discoveries on Yanran Mountain" earlier, the word "Hanshan" tells us that Dou Xian's "sealing the mountain and publishing stones" here is actually equivalent to further confirming the actual line of control between Han and Hungary on the basis of existing facts, the desert.
In the context of this understanding, we can also understand that the few sentences laid out before "Fengshen Qiu, Jianlu Jie" and "Zhen Hun Abuse, Gynium Overseas, Qi QiMiao, and The Boundary of the Land" laid out before "Fengshen Qiu" refer to Dou Xian's leading the northern expedition, which has already flattened the Xiongnu ("癹") and driven them far away ("夐其邈") to "overseas", thus expanding the boundaries of the Great Han Dynasty. This is precisely the premise for Dou Xian to "seal the god hill and build the land jie". In this way, it is possible to "carry the Xi Emperor and revitalize the world", that is, to let the Emperor and Emperor Han prosper and develop, and sit back and relax, forever, and pass it on to all generations.
However, history, will this really be the case? Regarding the answer to this question, I have explained it in detail in the book "Discovering the Yanran Mountain Ming".
Finally, it should be noted that although the text content of the carved stone of the Yanran Mountain Inscription can make many revisions to the handed down texts, especially for the study of the historical evolution of ancient texts, the most substantive significance for our study of Dou Xian's Northern Expedition is still the word "Sui" derived before the sentence "Kui Zhuo Evil" that I pointed out in "Discovering the Yanran Mountain Inscription". In addition, I am afraid that it is the word "Lu Jie". Because "Lu Jie" can more clearly reflect the meaning of its "land boundary stone" than the "Long Sheng" in the documents that have been handed down, this is directly related to the combat objectives of Dou Xian's Northern Expedition and the effectiveness of this war in the sense of territorial territory. In a broader sense, the two words "Lu Jie" have another special significance for understanding ancient Chinese culture, but this is a very long story that needs to be written separately and discussed in a special way. As for the differences between this inscribed inscription and the other texts passed down from generation to generation, it is of little substantial value in terms of narrow historical research; at least it does not affect my previous interpretation of this inscription.
Diary of February 1, 2020
【Attached】Interpretation of "Yanran Mountain Ming":
But in the autumn of the first year of the Yongyuan Dynasty,
There is Han Yuan's uncle Dou Xian and Yin Liang
Holy Emperor, Wing Royal Family, Na Da Lu. Wei Qing, nai and Zhi Jingo
Geng Bing, a post inspector, ruled the army in Shuofang. Eagle School,
The Soldier of the Tiger, the Sixth Division, Jinan Danyu, and Donghu Wu
Huan, Xi Rong Qiang, Hou WangJun Chang Zhi Qi, Xiao Rode Thirty Thousand.
Yuan Rong is light and martial, the long hub is four points, the thunder covers the road, and there are three in all
More than a thousand multipliers. Le Eight Arrays, Positions with Mighty Gods, XuanJia Yao Ri,
Zhu Qi Tiantian. Sui Ling Gao Que, lower chicken deer, through the moraine brine, absolute
Desert. Wen Yu was beheaded with a drum, and the bloody corpses were dyed one by one.
Then the four schools crossed, the star flow camet, the polyester flat, the wild
No one left behind. So the domain was destroyed, and it was returned. Passing on the exam
Examine the map, exhaustively view its mountains and rivers: Kui Zhuo Evil, Enter an Hou, Ride Yan
correct. The teasing of the filthy dun burns the dragon court of the old man. Will be on
To shake the anger of Gao Wen, the Xuan Spirit of the Light Ancestors;
Angu Heir, Restore the Great Han Heavenly Voice. now
The so-called one-time labor and long-term leisure, temporary expenses and eternal peace. then
Sui Seal the Mountain Stone, Zhao Ming Shangde. Its words:
King Shuo, conquest of the wilderness. Hungary abuse, gyphthalium overseas. 夐其邈,
Hell. Seal the god hill, build the land jie. Xi Di Zai, Zhen Wanshi.