Text/Yuanyuan
One
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the "Huimeng" was an important means for the princely states to carry out political exchanges and political struggles. According to the Zuo Chuan, the number of alliances of various princely states during the Spring and Autumn Period was at least more than one hundred. However, among so many leagues, the most important and famous league has been four times, and the history is called the "Spring and Autumn Four Great Alliances". These four major alliances are the "Kwai Qiu Hui League", the "Jian Tu Hui League", the "Huangchi Hui League" and the "Xuzhou Hui League". The reason why the Four Great Leagues are important and famous is that the Four Great Leagues have produced hegemons in different periods in the Spring and Autumn Period. The "Kuiqiu Huimeng" Qi Huan gong hegemony, the "Jian Tu Hui Alliance" Jin Wen Gong hegemony, the "Xuzhou HuiMeng" Yue Wang Gou Jian hegemony, only the "Huangchi Huimeng" in the end who is hegemonic, history has left a suspense.
The background of the "Huangchi Huimeng" is that after the rise of the Wu State, it went north to compete with the veteran Central Plains overlord Jin Guo for the position of leading big brother. The landmark event of the rise of the State of Wu was the defeat of the State of Chu during the reign of King Wu of Lu, the siege of the capital of the State of Chu, and the almost destruction of the State of Chu. His son Wu Wang Fuchai defeated the State of Yue during the reign of Fuchai, continued to suppress the State of Chu, and repeatedly succeeded in the Northern Expedition against the State of Qi. It was in this context that Wu WangFucha and the Duke of Jin Ding made an alliance with the Huangchi Hui.
Why it is said that who became the overlord of the Huangchi Huimeng in the end is a mystery for eternity, which is to blame Sima Qian, because his "History" has muddyed the waters. Let's take a look at how Sima Qian came to stir up the Huangchi Huimeng's final hegemonic choice. "History of Qin Benji": "In the ninth year, the Duke of Jin Ding and the Wu Wangfu sent an alliance, competing to grow up in Huangchi, and died before Wu. Wu Qiang, Ling China. "History of the Jin Dynasty": "Thirty years later, Dinggong and Wu Wangfu sent Huang Chi to fight for the long, Zhao Martin Shicong, and died in Wu. "History of the Zhao Shijia": "Thirty years after the Duke ding of Jin, Dinggong and Wu Wangfu were sent to grow up in Huangchi, and Zhao Jianzi was from The Duke of Jinding and died in Wu. "If you look at these three historical materials, there is no doubt that Wu Guo finally became the leading big brother. However, Sima Qian also wrote in the "History of the Wu Taibo Family": "In July, the King of Wu fought with the Duke of Jinding for the long term. Wu Wangyue: "I am the head of the Zhou Chamber." Jin Ding Gong said: "Yu Ji's surname is my uncle." "Zhao Martingale is angry, and will cut down Wu, who is the Duke of Changjin." Then he continued in the "Chronicle of the Disciples of Zhongni": "Wu Wangguo and the Qi people fought in Ai Ling, broke the Qi division, won the soldiers of the seven generals and did not return, and Guo came to Jin with soldiers, and met the Jin people on the top of the Yellow Pond." Wu Jin fought. The Jin people attacked and defeated Wu Shi. "If you look at it from these two historical materials, it is the veteran leading big brother Jin Guo who successfully suppressed the younger brother Fu Cha who wanted to rebel and continued to sit firmly in the position of the leader." Ershen, Tai Shi Gong estimated that writing the "History of History" this huge work was dizzy. It didn't matter if he was dizzy, the final overlord of the Huangchi Huimeng became a mystery for eternity.
Two
The "Chronicle of History" is unreliable, so we have to find the answer from other classic history books. The record of the Spring and Autumn Left Biography is certainly an important criterion for judging. The reason is very simple, the "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" was written earlier than the "History", and it is closer to the historical truth. Moreover, "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" is very famous, ranking among the thirteen Taibao of Chinese Confucian classics. The Spring and Autumn Left Biography records this: "Autumn and July Xin ugly, league, Wu, Jin scrambled first." Wu Ren said: "In the Zhou Room, I am the chief." Jin Ren said: "Yu Ji's surname, I am Bo." Zhao Martin called out to Sima Yin: "Day by day, major events have not been accomplished, and the sins of the two ministers are also." Build a whole column of drums, and when the two subjects die, the elder and the young will know it. "Please take it lightly." On the contrary, "Meat eaters have no ink." Now that the king of Wu has ink, the country is victorious? Is the eldest son dead? And Yide is light, can't bear it for a long time, please stay less. "It's the first to be promoted." The "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" concludes that the Jin State suppressed the State of Wu, or took the lead in the big brother.
Originally, the "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" as the Thirteenth Taibao gave the answer, and the mystery of the ages should be settled here. But since the Confucian classics are called the Thirteen Taibao, the Spring and Autumn Left Biography is not the only ultimate judge. Another Grand Taibao,"The Legend of the Spring and Autumn Ram", gives a different voice: "The Guild Marquis of Jin and Wu Zi yu Huangchi. Why is Wu called a son? Wu Lord will also. Wu Will be the Marquis of Jin? Not with the Lord of Yidi China also. What does it mean about Wu Zihe? Will the words of the two uncles also. If you do not talk to China, the lord of Yidi, then you will say it in the words of the two uncles? Heavy Wu also. Yu for Heavy Wu? Wu Zai is the prince of the world who dare not go to it. This passage can be translated and summarized into two sentences: "Huang chi will be the alliance Wu Guo as the leading big brother." "The State of Wu initiated the alliance, and the princes of the world dare not follow it." If it is said that the two major Taibao "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" and "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography" are palm-to-palm fighting internal forces, no one can defeat anyone. A little brother "Chinese" who had been mixing with "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" for a long time suddenly came out of the oblique thorn and attacked the middle hole of "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" with fingering. The book "Chinese" is said by Mr. Tong Shuye, and the historical value is significantly lower than that of the Spring and Autumn Left Biography, and the time of writing is also slightly later than that of the Spring and Autumn Left Biography. Even so, when several masters cannot convince each other, the historical materials of "Chinese" still have important reference value. Chinese there are more pages involving the Huangchi Huimeng, I will not quote the original text here, if you are interested, you can go to see "Chinese Wu Yu Wu Wants to Be the Lord of the Jin Dynasty" and "Chinese Wu Yu Wu Cha Makes Wang Sun Gou Sue Zhou". In short, what "Chinese" wants to tell us is that Wu Guo scared Jin Guo away at the Huangchi Hui Alliance, and eventually became the leading big brother.
Three
From the comprehensive view of the above historical materials, the content of the "History" is chaotic, and errors are common things, so the content of the "History" cannot be judged. "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" is the closest to the historical truth, and the status of the jianghu is very high, and there is a saying that "the mixed rivers and lakes do not know the "Spring and Autumn Left Biography", and it is useless to read all the history books", so we cannot wait for the speech of the "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" to be ignored. However, even if the Spring and Autumn Left Biography was as high and martial as Qiao Feng, it was difficult to resist the joint efforts of Murong Bo and Jiu Mozhi. The historical materials of "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography" and "Chinese" corroborate each other, and the results they jointly produce are more convincing than those of "Spring and Autumn Left Biography". Moreover, if you have to pull up the "History of History" for comprehensive evaluation, the "History" mentions that King Wu became the hegemon of the historical data than the Jin Dynasty. On the contrary, the historical content mentioned in the "Records of History" mentioning the victory of the Jin Dynasty is the same as the content of the "Zuo Zhuan". It shows that Sima Qian is multi-channel in terms of historical materials, perhaps because the workload of writing the "Shi Ji" is too large, or the "Shi Ji" is not from Sima Qian's hand at all, so it causes inconsistencies in the historical materials. In any case, the conclusion that Wu Wang Fucha finally became the leading big brother is more reliable.
Four
Personally, I prefer that the Huangchi Huimeng finally sat on the throne of the overlord. This conclusion is not based on the above historical data for a simple comparison, but based on Mr. Lu Simian's "History of the Pre-Qin Dynasty" and Mr. Tong Shuye's "Spring and Autumn Left Biography Research" views on Huang ChiHuimeng and some of his own thoughts.
(1) Mr. Lü Simian believes that the Jin state has declined since the alliance of the soldiers, and at this time the state of Wu has just become strong, how can the state of Jin compete with the state of Wu? In addition, most of the "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" uses the history of Jin, and the ancients have a long time ago, so the author of the "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" must have been taboo and covered up in the records of the historical materials of Huangchi Huimeng. Mr. Tong Shuye believes that the book "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" is particularly detailed in the countries of Yang Jin, Chu and Qi, and Qin, and the matter of the Lu State is particularly detailed. Therefore, the author must be someone related to the State of Lu, the State of Jin, and the State of Chu. Therefore, this person must have flaunted the prestige of the Jin State and suppressed the power of the Wu State when recording this material of the Huang chi Huimeng. Mr. Tong Shuye also boldly speculated that the author of the Spring and Autumn Left Biography was Wu Qi, because Wu Qi had successively served in Lu, Jin (Wei), and Chu, and had in-depth research on the Spring and Autumn Left Biography (Mr. Tong's example is no longer shown here). "Han Feizi Wai Chu Said Upper Right" even mentions that "Wu Qi, Wei Zuo Clan Zhongren also." Having said all this, it can be summed up that the historical data of the "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" about the Huangchi Huimeng is unreliable. "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography" plus "Chinese", plus the views of Lu Simian and Children's Book Industry, "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" can be regarded as broken.
(2) My thinking is to find the highlights from the place of "Yellow Pond". "Huangchi" was located in the south of Fengqiu County, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, and belonged to the fiefdom of the Wei State at that time, and also belonged to the hinterland of the Central Plains. And the Weiguo, Lu and other countries are the younger brothers of the Central Plains overlord Jinguo, in other words, the land of Weilu is the sphere of influence of the Jinguo. Wu Wang Fuchai placed the location of the alliance in the Jin state's sphere of influence, and daring to go deep into the hinterland of the Central Plains to grab a seat with the Jin state could only explain two problems: First, Fu Cha no longer took the Jin state and his brother's army seriously. Second, the influence of the Jin state on this part of the power has been loosened, that is to say, the forces of wei, Lu and other countries forced by the state of Wu have been half pushed and half followed by the state of Wu. In the "Zuo Biography", there is a record of the dialogue between Lu Guo's son Jingbo and Wu Guo's tribute. The Zuo Zhuan also records that the Song Kingdom paid tribute to the State of Wu. Combined with the fact that the State of Wu defeated the State of Qi many times and conquered the State of Lu, while the State of Jin was all shot. Wu Guo's daring to convene the Huangchi Alliance within the jin state's sphere of influence is already a manifestation of the strong strength of the Wu state, and it is also a portrayal of the decline of the Jin state's national strength and the beginning of the hegemonic power.
Five
The overlord of the State of Wu was too buried, on the one hand, the "Records of History" was chaotic, and other classic history books also had different statements. On the other hand, Wu WangFucha did not get the treatment that a hegemon should enjoy. Looking at Qi Huan, Jin Wen, and Gou Jian, they were either invited by Zhou Tianzi to dinner as guests, or Zhou Tianzi sealed a large red envelope and prepared a large number of gifts to send emissaries to send over. After reading all the history books, Fu Cha did not eat Zhou Tianzi's meal at the Huangchi Huimeng, and did not even drink a sip of water, let alone red envelopes and gifts. The historical data of "Chinese Wu Yu Fu Sent Wang Sun Gou to Yu Zhou" instead records that Fu Cha himself sent people to report his merits to Zhou Tianzi, and the reward he received was a compliment from Zhou Tianzi, wishing him a blessed and long life, but Fu Cha did not even receive a lollipop. Based on this, many later scholars suspected that Fu Cha was not regarded as the leading big brother, who called Fu Cha the overlord who deserved to be so cold.
If fu cha this overlord deserves only to be cold, it is a pity that fu cha this overlord not only did not earn enough face to be a hegemon, but also lost his own son in the south. When he was a duke in Huangchi Doujin, Gou Jian stabbed his chrysanthemum deeply in the back. Everyone knows the next thing, the chrysanthemum is crippled, the ground is full of wounds, and fu cha has no smile since then.
"Yuanyuan reads the history" headline number: "Reading the "History", the taste is life." For more interesting articles, please pay attention to the original WeChat public account of "Yuanhai Miscellaneous Talk".