"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 214
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > Zhan Jingfeng did not succeed in his life, and his achievements in art should not be underestimated</h1>
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Zhan Jingfeng (1528-1602), Zidong Tu, Baiyue Shanren, Zhongyue Shanren, Tianyinzi, Tianyinsheng, Dalonggongke, etc., Anhui Xiuning people.
Zhan Jingfeng, he has shown a different artistic talent in painting and calligraphy since he was a child.
When he was five years old, he talked to his cousin Zhan Jing about the gods of his dreams and discussed the future. At that time, Cheng Da, a native of Shexian County, and Wang De, a yiren, were young and handsome, good at painting, good at poetry, and good at talking about immortals, and all studied with his cousin. His brother-in-law often ordered the two to paint, and both of them took it seriously and painted. At that time, Zhan Jingfeng lived in the same room with his cousin, and although he was still young, he was happy when he saw this scene. He also imitated them like a model on the side, so Cheng Da and Wang De both liked him. Zhan Jingfeng's cousin threatened the two with his eyes and did not let his brother learn to paint. His cousin Zhan Jingxuan was able to write the four-body book of seals, branches, lines, and kai, and Zhan Jingfeng wanted his cousin to teach him calligraphy, but his brother did not agree to him. When Zhan Jingfeng was seven years old, his father let him enter the family school to learn one of the Six Elements, Six, and Five Elements. Even the master didn't understand, and asked his father, "I heard that your son can paint and calligraphy, why are you still studying Rokko?" ”
Zhan Jingfeng was twenty years old, but he was a generation older than Zhan Bi, who was honest and righteous, and his sex was ancient and his family was well-off. When Zhan Jingfeng was twelve or thirteen years old, he was able to write poetry, be good at calligraphy and painting, and be good at ancient times, and Zhan Bi cited them as miracles, and lent Zhan Jingfeng the ancient books and paintings he had collected at home for him to watch, copy, and learn. When Zhan Jingfeng was weak, his nephew Zhan Wanli was also twelve or thirteen years old, and Zhan Jingfeng, Zhan Bi, and Zhan Wanli were good at bone marrow, and they often gathered together to evaluate calligraphy and paintings, talk about night monuments, and often from late to the east, white, never bored. I heard that there were places of interest and monuments, and they were excited to go, even if it was heavy snow, the three people also looked at it with their shoulders. If you can buy it, you can buy it, of course, it is Zhan Bi's money. Zhan Bi is forty, Zhan Jingfeng is twenty, zhan Wanli is twelve or thirteen years old, and the three of them form a "dead party" and take pleasure in literature and art.
Since Zhan Jingfeng's heart was only in ancient Chinese calligraphy and painting, the energy spent on the examination could not be sufficient, and his father thought that Zhan Jingfeng was not doing his job, so he often punished him. Summoning Zhan Jingfeng to the front, he angrily rebuked him: "Are you going to use ancient calligraphy and painting to use to enter the army to take the first place?" Can Cangjie, the classics of history and emperor become textbooks for the industry? ”
He ordered the people to take all the pictures and ancient books collected by Zhan Jingfeng, pile them up in the courtyard, and burn them all. Moreover, Zhan Jingfeng was beaten with thirty sticks. Since then, Zhan Jingfeng has begun to seriously study the teaching materials about lifting the industry. In the "Epitaph of Zhan Jingfeng", Zhan Jingfeng's father scolded him: "If the thin system of science and industry does not do it, if you can give up and take care of yourself? Now the country's Fang Zhongkedi has exhausted the cage Haojie, and Wu Zhan is alone, so that I am ashamed of Zhan, and I do not abandon Ruo Jia What does it mean? ”
In the era of the imperial examination, how many well-educated people were delayed, and how many people's good years were delayed. As Zhan Jingfeng himself said: "When I was young, I was hindered by karma, in middle age, I was hindered by planning, in my later years I was a hindrance to being a eunuch, and I was a hindrance to my life, and I was afraid that after a few years and I was old or unable to do it, I am not old enough to do it in the world. ”
Zhan Jingfeng's career was not smooth in his life, his career was not smooth, and his fate was bumpy. After he was selected in the township examination in the first year of Longqing (1567), "five is not the first", and Chun Min was repeatedly frustrated. In the eighth year of the Wanli Calendar (1580), at the age of fifty-three, he obeyed his father's words and the advice of his friends, and took over the post of head of Feng County, Southwest Jiangxi Province, as a person; in the tenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1582), because of the death of his father, Zhan Jingfeng was worried about his home; in the twelfth year of the Wanli Calendar (1584), Zhan Jingfeng was made the head of the Macheng Sect in Hubei Province; in the thirteenth year of the Wanli Dynasty (1585), he moved to Nanjing Hanlin Academy Kongmu and promoted to the secretary of the Southern Bureaucracy, although it was better than the chair, it was not an official position, just a high-ranking subordinate official in the official government. In the twenty-second year of the Wanli Calendar (1593), he went to Jiangxi to teach because he was spoken of by his colleagues; in the twenty-fourth year of the Wanli Calendar (1595), he went to Baoning, Sichuan province as a professor; in the twenty-seventh year of the Wanli Calendar (1598), he was promoted to Pingle Province in Guangxi Province, and this time, he finally became an official in the true sense, but he was already a seventy-three-year-old man, a small low-ranking official, just to comfort him. At that time, he was already famous all over the world, "begging for a book, a painting, a poem, an article, a thousand gold and nine contempt." ”
During Zhan Jingfeng's tenure as a general judge in Pingle Province, he had a lot of political reputation. He was assigned by his superiors to serve as the county commander of He County, which is a mining area in the mountains, and the eunuchs intervened in the mining, harshly exploited the people, and the people dared to be angry and dare not speak, and the contradictions between the two sides could be stimulated at any time. After Zhan Jingfeng arrived in office, he did not hesitate to confiscate the ill-gotten wealth of the eunuchs and forbid them to intervene in the mining industry, winning the applause of the people. It was not until the late days that he was able to fill the district and county, and finally weakened, returned to the township for a year, and died at the age of seventy-five.
After Jiajing, in terms of collection and appreciation and calligraphy and painting, Wu Zhong talents have emerged, all of which are headed by Wu Zhong. However, in terms of appreciation, Zhan Jingfeng is the leader. He has heard and immersed himself in it since he was a child. He borrowed calligraphy and painting from his nephew Zhan Bi, and often accompanied him, visiting antique calligraphy and paintings, tasting the daily high, accumulating several years of achievements, and the level was unique. In middle age, Zhan Jingfeng was able to see the rich collection of Xiang Yuanbian's family, and extensively viewed the collections of Wumen, Songjiang, and Jinling. Zhan Jingfeng has made achievements in calligraphy and painting, bronze and porcelain appreciation.
Zhan Jingfeng's seal engraving does not produce light and heavy two systems, in line with the principle of heavy on the use of knives, and light is taboo. His seal engraving, paying attention to the coordination of indian writing, symmetrical strokes, and dense structure, skillfully solves the problem of thickness and thickness.
Zhan Jingfeng studied calligraphy wang xizhi and wang xianzhi's father and son, and in his later years he was good at wild grass, and his calligraphy was the best in cursive, and he was deeply involved in calligraphy. He uses his pen extraordinary, like a crowned man; dignified and respectable, and wild grass if it has divine help. Chen Wenzhan said: "Mr. Uchi Qiu (Zhan Jingfeng) is a calligrapher who walks outdoors. But some people think that Zhan Jingfeng's calligraphy is inadequate in that in his later years, he resembles Huaisu, his intentions are slightly far-fetched, harmless, and he is a generation of famous artists. However, "the pen fell into a strange path, and eventually it was an illusion, a cow ghost and a snake god, and a liquor store." This criticism of zhou zhishi in the Ming Dynasty also attracted criticism of him. He thought that Zhou Zhishi used too many words, completely ignoring the fact that Zhan Jingfeng's calligraphy was not a single teacher Of Fa Huaisu. Zhan Jingfeng used each other in the middle of the wind, with many ups and downs, and had seen his own intentions, and was not greatly affected by HuaiSu. Zhan Jingfeng's calligraphy method, Yu Jin, Tang, Song, and Yuan all dabbled in it, and the so-called "pen falls into a strange path, and eventually becomes an illusion" is not convincing.
Zhan Jingfeng was frustrated in the official field, so he spent most of his energy on literature, calligraphy and painting, so he was famous in poetry, calligraphy, painting and many aspects, and he had a large long-scroll painting "Zai Yong Trace Map" surviving. "Zai Yong Trace Map" was solemnly launched by the present person as "Everyone's Painting Spectrum": "This volume is painted with Xia Jue's brushwork, the pen and ink are majestic, the artistic conception is conveyed, and it is the main transmission of the Painting of the Northern Sect, which is considerable and appreciative, and it is self-evident that it is yongbaozhi for future generations of collectors and painters who learn to paint." ”
Zhan Jingfeng's "Zaiyong Traces" is one of his masterpieces, this painting is 30 centimeters long and 2277.5 centimeters wide, painted with five-color sprinkled gold paper of the Ming Dynasty. The painting is divided into fifteen parts: improvised schools to build soldiers; guide ditches to make farmers; provincial people to be trapped; preach sacred oracles to mingmin; repair cities and pools to prepare for relief; build bridges to help; strictly protect jia to eliminate thieves; prohibit murderers to punish evil; obstruct liang to ward off troubles; build public temples to live in officials; clean up books and soaps to reform adultery; recruit and move to restore business; build people's houses to save people; and form a monument to the Zuo clan, which is actually the "true transmission of Northern Sect Paintings".
According to the title and content of each part, the author draws a landscape figure. Each painting can be written into a separate piece and connected with each other, and it looks like a complete long scroll in one go, without the sense of interruption caused by the connection in the middle. The whole painting is deduced according to the preset fifteen contents, and in this picture scroll, the inscription, the title of the book, and the poem run through the whole process, all of which are the works of the thunderous figures at that time. There are cabinet elders, local officials, and famous poets. At the top of each part of the picture, there are poems attached. The fifteenth part of the painting is the evaluation and comments of officials at all levels on Zuo Siming year by year in the past five years. This makes the whole work not only achieve a high degree of perfect unity of poetry and painting, but also has aesthetic charm, literary taste and historical value.
The Zai Yong Trace Map was painted by Zuo Siming, who was then the commander of Yongcheng County, and Zuo Siming served for five years and did countless good deeds for the people of Yongcheng. Zhan Jingfeng's "Zai Yong Trace" was composed with feeling, and the content art of the picture truly reproduced the situation at that time. So he put all his emotions into the painting. "ZaiYong Traces" can be passed on in the long river of history, so that generation after generation of people continue to interpret and replay, the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the rare period of political communication and poetic space belonging to Yongcheng was inherited and enlarged, three-dimensional display in front of the world, this is the infinite charm of art.
It can be seen from the picture that Zhan Jingfeng's painting techniques that have entered the year of confusion mainly extend the four Families of the Song Dynasty. In dealing with the distance of the mountain, the distance of the depth of field is opened by the ink color gradient, which increases the sense of space of the picture; during the interspersed jungle, houses, pines, and characters echo. In the ink technique of mountain body or mountain stone, Yan Chengxia Gui "ink accumulation method" and "ink breaking method".
Zhan Jingfeng likes to use the center of the bald pen to outline the outline, first dipped in light ink, sweeping and dyeing with light ink with a water pen, and then when it is wet and not dry, use the tip of the pen to dip in thick ink, and use the side edge to rub along the trend, and split with a large and small axe; intermittently scrape iron, nail head rattail, etc., resulting in the special effect of ink fusion, the ink color from thick to faint, from wet to dry. Finally, add a little moss, although the pen is simple but varied. In this way, the ink is broken, the ink is broken by the water, the light is broken, and the thick is broken, so that the ink color is moist, flexible and fresh, and a more moist effect is achieved.
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Zan Zhan Dongtu", praising:
Rain low twilight clouds, moon high hibiscus fragrance.
Kirito draws a picture and summons Xiao Erlang.
New hate into the shin, old dew marks on the swamp.
In front of the roller blinds, the stick hits the birds.
Meritorious name is promised as a guest, and the teaching seat is frosted and white.
In the four directions of helplessness, the end of the world is rushing and weaving.
The poem is heroic, why should it be so angry.
The ruler is a book of precious kings, and the format is expensive.
How many years of composition, it is better to do kuwata.
Ancient rare like an arrow, low eyebrow window shadow deviation.
Shaohua cloud smoke, only leave the spring heart to wait.