The old Beijing opera has a custom of "calling good", that is, shouting the word "good" offstage. Shouting good is also called shouting good, and it must be shouted out. Strictly speaking, applause is not a "good call". Applause is universal, not a regional custom. Applause is applause. To put it a little bit, it is a kind of Peking Opera culture.
"Shout out" I see
There have long been people who advocate the so-called new culture, and regard the gongs and drums on stage and the applause on the stage as a kind of barbarism. The topic of civilization and barbarism is too big (and some are serious), and I am not going to bother with this, just a few words.
The so-called civilization (which can also be called culture) is, in a word, the form condensed by a certain custom in a certain time and space. Tens of thousands of people dressed strangely, strangely, beat drums and stomp their feet, and shout in unison at the scene of the World Cup football final is modern football culture; thousands of people solemnly wear swallowtail evening gowns and listen to Mozart in Vienna's Golden Hall with their faces full of faces is European classical music culture; Central African blacks are naked, waist-circumferential grass skirts, and a red and green dance is African indigenous culture; a thousand people in Guanghe Lou probe ear to shout a good word to listen to Tan Xinpei is Peking Opera culture. There are many more, which are not listed in detail.
All of this is called culture. They are customs formed by a certain group of people over a long period of time in a certain area. Customs are not right or wrong (experts call it "value judgment"), only similarities and differences. According to the current fashion, it is called "cultural pluralism", and cultural pluralism is the first-class symbol of modern human civilization. It is foolish and futile to have to mix and match the four items listed above and transform them into unity, which is even more comical. The world is so big, every family has its own life, do not disturb each other, each has its own. You don't like to eat fried sauce noodles next door, just don't go to the door. Presumably, people will not rush to please you. But if you want to yell every day to lift people's tables, that's a pretense. The house next door is on fire or killing people, so you should do something about it. But that's another topic.
Therefore, I think that those who regard the applause in the theater garden as barbarism seem to have made three mistakes: first, to treat the African hinterland as the Musikverein of Vienna. Second, use your own pounds and two lengths as a ruler to measure the height, fat and thinness of others. Thirdly, challenging "cultural pluralism" is itself a barbarism.
Here's what it says.
"Shout out" must be a place
Old Beijing opera fans listen to the drama to call good is a kind of addiction, to the festival of the place will be shouted "good". It's like being addicted to smoking, and not smoking a sip is worse than dying. Shouting good is a kind of emotional venting, and it is impossible to hold back, and there is no need to hold back. By the way, shouting is not a strange sound, such as screaming and whistling. This kind of behavior was explicitly prohibited in the Qing Dynasty, and it was posted on the pillars on both sides of the stage, and there were also inspectors of the imperial history of the city or the commander of the infantry who sat on the official seat to picket.
For the horns on the stage, cheering is a ruler. There are good children offstage, and the performance of the horns can be recognized. In the past, there was a saying in the lingjie world called "falling into the cool water basin", which means that the actor sold his strength on the stage for half a day, and there was no response to the silence offstage. This is almost a denial of the actor's drama skills, which is what the people care about the most.
There is a distinction between a good child and a good child. The general saying is called good child means just right. It is good that the audience is dissatisfied with and negated the actor's performance, and also shouts out. There are two kinds of sounds, one is to add a questioning "what" word after "good", and the other is to shout "tom, tom". The more severe one is called "tom", and the most severe one is to directly shout "go down". In the past, actors have not been singled out of the stage.
There are still some rules for applause, and the biggest is called "the place". The actor is singing can not be called; the singing lyrics are related to the coherence and compactness of the character's emotions, and the actor cannot call when he only breathes; the actor cannot call before the next sentence is ready to be raised or enlarged; the allegro cover cannot be called; the good cavity of the horn cannot be called without singing. Wait a minute. Calling good children is the most taboo "called on the waist", good intentions to do bad things, especially the actors on the stage are disgusted. The so-called waist is not a place, and the time and place are not right. For example, in the early years, some old horns in "Wen Zhaoguan" "a round of bright moon in front of the window" of the "one" word played, and did not finish there. If someone gives a good child in the middle of the day, not only will the voice of the person be disturbed, but also the mood of the singer who wants to "sell and sell" will be covered up. It is tantamount to drying pants under the flowers of Qingquan Maozu and making a big fuss about the scenery.
Cheering has a great relationship with the level of fans. The above-mentioned "called waist" basically belongs to the little understanding of the play, the term is called a mallet. In addition, those who sprinkle dog blood such as Gao'er, Fengshenger, Fenglonger, Fengjian, Fengmeng, etc., can also be classified as mallets (slightly smaller than the big mallet). Probably more than 80% of the fans in old Beijing will not show this cowardice. In these eighty percent, some people may follow, others do not call him not to call, others call him and then shout harder, more or less can penetrate his insiders. There are two types of people who pick the lead and call the good children (the "childcare" hired by the actors is another matter), one is the big insider, and the good words he shouts out are certainly worth shouting, accurate and appropriate. But the big insider's applause may not be followed, because others have not heard it and do not feel good. The second is to think that he is very good at it, not necessarily, but his self-confidence and courage are far higher than his level of appreciation. So he took the lead in shouting good children, sometimes some people followed, sometimes he "took the crane" (Lingjie term, suddenly high-pitched). Then there is the fact that everyone thinks it is good, unanimously, and speaks in unison, which is usually a place that is popular, easy to understand, and never tires of hearing.
The category of "hello"
In the past, "applauding" roughly had the following situations.
First, the road is good. Because of the charm of the classic singing section, this kind of good child benefits from the "drama protector", who sings to the good child, can also be called ordinary good child. For example, the "called Xiaofan" of "Visiting the Mother - Sitting in the Palace", as long as you turn it over, don't be angry, no matter who sings, the stage is applauded. Another example is "Female Solution" "Su San left Hongdong County" eight sentences, the singer did not half cut cough, the stage was ready to cheer. Zhang Junqiu sang "Bow your head and leave Hongdong County", the size is also faster than Mei's, and there is naturally a good child after singing. However, if "hole" is sung as a "hole" sound, and no "child" sound is pronounced, it is broken. No matter how good the paragraph is, you can't stand singing wrongly, and most of the "good children" offstage will not give you.
Second, fix it well. The conditions are familiar drama, familiar horns, familiar drama fans. The old patron often listens to a certain corner singing a certain play, which places should have a good child, which place should be given a good child, and all the doors on and off the stage are clear. On the stage must (refers to not allow lazy children), offstage must be given, the two under the tacit understanding of consultation, called fixed good. For example, there should be a child in a certain place (small cavity), the actor's voice is not very at home, the singing is not perfect, and the stage is also applauded. The reason is that this place should have been given.
The old horned child Wang Datou (Wang Guifen's" "Wen Zhaoguan", there must be four fixed children in one appearance. Wang Datou Xiao Tan Xinpei was thirteen years younger, but he was ten years earlier than Old Tan, and he picked up the girder in his twenties, which was simply the second of Cheng Changgeng. But he is too strange in human nature, and he is a "stranger" (how he is "different" must be described separately). But as long as it is on stage, it is immediately serious and meticulous, which is very worthy of the audience. The first sentence of his "Wen Zhaoguan" is "Malay", even if the spirit of the audience is lifted, it will get a full hall of color (unfortunately, now the curtain has been made by the "little bee"). The second fix is to meet well. Wang Datou has a high level of drama art, but he shows little performance, and being able to listen to his play is a creation. The Wu Zixu he played was full of sadness and indignation, and he was full of energy, and he would definitely meet well. The third is the sentence "Escape from the Dragon Pond Tiger's Den", full of palace tone, loud and full of charm (the big head open mouth is the B tone). There were people in the audience who stood up and stomped their feet and shouted hello. The fourth is the high level of his drama. The joke is that Wu Zixu said to Donggao Gong, "Old Man Hugh must admit his mistake", and when he came to his mouth, he only read "Old Man Hugh must admit his mistake" and omitted the word "Oh". Dry board chopping, introverted and subtle, thick and durable, can be described as "no delay and no shortage", meaning that God is finished. The audience once again cheered in unison.
Another example is Wang Changlin and Qian Jinfu's "Xiangmei Temple", a small flower face, a martial flower face. The two of them walk in a round field, each taking four steps, and taking one step is a good child. Sing back and forth, which is a classic. Later, the sons of the two of them, Wang Fushan and Qian Baosen, sang "Xiangmei Temple", and the four-step fire was inferior to Nai Ong, and the audience was also called four good children. Because Lao Wang and Old Qian have set the rules, this place should be good.
Third, temporary good. In addition to fixing good children and general road good children, the actors are temporarily riveted (the insider calls the voice at home today). He sang comfortably, and the audience also listened to the breath, and the interest was so good, one sentence after another, the term is called sentence blossoming. After the age of forty, Old Dan Gong Yunfu's voice was often absent from home, and he had to try his luck listening to his plays. Catching up with Gong Laodan ginseng soup to drink enough, the throat is strong, listening to the lord is really enjoyable, and it is really willing to give good.
Fourth, senior good children. This kind of good child has high requirements for actors and higher requirements for listening to plays. The applause offstage is not limited to singing, but also includes the actor's reading, making a watch, working on the handle, flipping and punching, etc. The so-called high-level good children are mostly hidden in the body section and the subtlety of singing. For example, old Tan sang "Empty City Plan", saw the topographic map of the street pavilion camp sent by Wang Ping, and inhaled a cool breath. At this time, Lao Tan's eyes and facial expressions played Zhuge Liang's instantaneous thoughts thoroughly, and he was able to get rid of a Kong Ming who was in danger and could not be seen. In this silent moment, the old Gu Qu in the audience must applaud. Another example is the "waiting" character of Yu Shuyan's "Eight Sledgehammers" Wang Zuo "Big Brother Yue treats me like a brother and sister", Yu Daxian sang out "special harmful intentions", and the small place of the word head, the word belly, and the end of the word was more exquisite. Whenever this word "to be" is encountered, the true listener to the Lord will surely applaud. They may spend money to enter the garden and rush to this "special evil intention".
Others, such as good horns, water sleeves, end straps, steps, and the body of the child, etc., are clever side style, dashing and expressive. Some fans in the audience are staring at this, drunk and obsessed, and will shout good. They are all highly educated theater fans.
Fifth, the scene is good. The old saying that the band that plays the accompaniment is called the scene. Divided into literary fields and martial fields. The wenchang is Huqin'er, Yueqin, and Strings; the Wuchang is a single skin drum, a large gong, and a small gong, collectively known as the "Six Fields". The person who plays the single leather drum is called the drum boy, the leader of the scene, called the "commander of the three armies". The right to produce music in the literary field belongs to Hu Qin'er. Both the drummer and the huqin can play well. The wedge in the drum guy's hand is the soul of the stage, and the spirit of the whole audience is all in his hands. Huqin's door-to-door, cushion-head, and nursery rhyme are especially important to the main singer. The drum guys are "rattling" at the end of the bone, which is definitely worth a full house. Hu Qin'er pulled the flower over the door police front desk in order to render the atmosphere, and hooked people to applaud. Mr. Mei Lanfang sang "Triage" for the first time in the Civilization Garden at the age of 17, and Mei Dasuo (that is, Mei Yutian, Mei Lanfang's uncle, HuQin's holy hand) used a new brand in the "Ask for Doctor" in order to support his nephew, and Gao Sibao (the clown who played the doctor, the father of Gao Qingkui, and the ancestor of Gao Shenglin. In this section, he deliberately "horse queen", let Mei Dasuo sell more Hu Qin'er's figure for two or three minutes, full of color. When the emotions in the audience have been stirred up, Xiaomei came out, and the two plums touched, and the whole scene exploded. Yang Baozhong's "Empty City Plan" "I was" for a while, and there are five good children in Huqin alone. It should be noted that Hu Qin's trickery must conform to the plot, and serve the singer, and cannot blindly show off regardless of the occasion. According to the old theory in the past, Hu Qin'er's noisy and arrogant lords endlessly played with flowers and bows to grab the lottery and called "slave bullying the lord", and there was no food in the industry.
Sixth, people are good. One is that the actor privately invites relatives and friends to the scene, which can also be called "childcare". Good or bad on stage, offstage shouted good. This kind of good child is not very meaningful, nor is it worth much, nor is it clever, and it is impossible to play by being blinded by things. Another kind is a horned child, which belongs to the "fan party good child". In the past, the horns were all praised, consciously voluntary, not hired by the horns, similar to the current "fans". The author speculates (can only be called speculation, because I have not been a "fan" nor have I entered the "fan party"), the difference between the "fan party" and the current "fan" in the past is that the cognitive judgment of the drama art is put first, and the emotional factor is secondary. Now the "fans" seem to have the first feelings, and they are quite strong. Although "fan party good child" contains some water, it is much higher than the gold content of "childcare good child". Most of the horned children's families are experts, they do not show timidity and take the amount, and they are not worthy of praise, they will not take money to suffer and lose money to fill in the trap.
Don't "scream"
Finally, two more sentences of "cheering" that give the insider a headache are not shouting and shouting, and the places that should be called good are ignored. This problem has been around for a long time, but it is becoming more and more obvious. Those who don't know much about drama can listen to the drama, but don't be blind. There are two harms in blindly shouting good children, one is to reverse right and wrong, and disturb the appreciation standards of Peking Opera. This caused misunderstanding among some actors with poor performances, thinking that they were not bad. The second is to drown out high-level art and stir up the good horns. In the past, a GuQu person once said with great emotion: "I owe you an iron chain to lock the gate of the garden, and then set a fire to prevent them from coming out." It can be seen how much he hates these blind shouters. The old Beijing opera has a custom of "calling good", that is, shouting the word "good" offstage. Shouting good is also called shouting good, and it must be shouted out. Strictly speaking, applause is not a "good call". Applause is universal, not a regional custom. Applause is applause. To put it a little bit, it is a kind of Peking Opera culture.