In the forty-second part of the Eight Parts of the Heavenly Dragon, Mr. Jin Yong depicts to the reader a wonderful "Battle of Shaomu Mountain", in which the three brothers Xiao Feng, Xuan Zhu and Duan Yu play against You Tanzhi, Ding Chunqiu and Murong Fu. It turned out that Murong Fu was not an opponent of the Six-Pulse Excalibur at all, and was easily defeated by Duan Yu. However, Duan Yu showed mercy to Murong Fu's men on Wang Yuyan's face, but Murong Fu waited for the opportunity to kill Duan Yu, but fortunately, Xiao Feng intervened in time, allowing Murong Fu to plant a big heel in front of the heroes.
Murong Fu lost face and planned to draw his sword and kill himself, but was stopped by a gray-clad man, who said to Murong Fu:
"Murong Hao, Murong Ke, Murong Chui, and Murong De were heroes in the Great Yan Kingdom, but unexpectedly they all became the descendants of the Broken Generation!"
In this way, Murong Fu was actually a descendant of Murong Fu of great Yan. Some of Jin Yong's readers are very serious, and based on the historical background and events before and after, they deduce that the time of the Battle of Shaomushan occurred in 1093 AD (the eighth year of The Reign of Emperor Zhezong of Song). The demise of the last Yan state, Southern Yan, occurred in 410 AD. After 683 years, the Murong family was still struggling to "restore the country", and such obsessions made people sigh.
After all, martial arts is not history, but Jin Yong's grandfather is not complete nonsense, the Murong family in history has indeed been brilliant, and their pursuit of restoration for generations is also real. In this article, the author will share with you the real "Murong Family".
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the rise of Murong Shi</h1>
According to the Tongzhi Clan Sketch, the surname Murong first came from Xianbei and lived in the northeast of China, so it was called "Northeast Yi". In the early days of the Western Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu Mao Dun single-handedly shocked the eight directions, beat the various ethnic groups in the northeast and fled, and later a northeast Yi tribe moved to the Xianbei Mountains in Inner Mongolia to establish the "Xianbei State".
By the time of Emperor Huan of Han, the Xianbei state was divided, and the strongest of them lived in Murong Temple, so the name was changed to Murong, but at that time "Murong" was only a symbol, and they did not have the concept of surname. In addition, Xianbei also has a very famous branch, that is, the Tuoba clan.
As for why They took Murong as their name, their later explanation was "the way of Mu Eryi, following the appearance of the three lights", where "Eryi" refers to heaven and earth, and "Three Lights" refers to the sun, moon and stars. In fact, the root cause is that this former "Northeast Yi" ethnic group intends to integrate into Han culture.
Soon after, Murong Shi produced a legendary figure named Tan Shi Huai. The Zizhi Tongjian once described tanshi locust as follows:
Fresh and humble sandalwood, brave and wise, the tribe is afraid.
That is to say, in the middle and late Period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Tanshi Huai Zhi yong was complete, and soon unified the major tribes of Xianbei on the steppe. At that time, Tan Shihuai was bent on invading the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Eastern Han Ling Emperor suffered defeats in the battle, and he had no choice but to propose to make peace with the other party. However, Tan Shi Huai was not interested in peace, and if it were not for the death of Tan Shi Huai at the age of 45, I am afraid that the northern part of the Eastern Han Dynasty would still face great trouble.
After the death of Tan Shi Huai, Xianbei also gradually declined, and then, the Eastern Han Dynasty declined and entered the Three Kingdoms era. In 238, after Zhuge Liang's death, Cao Wei dispatched Sima Yi to attack the Liaodong warlord Gongsun Yuan, and the Xianbei tribal leader Mo Huba began to defect to Cao Wei. In the following years, during the reign of Mo Hubao's sons and grandsons, Xianbei accepted the rewards of Cao Wei or the Western Jin Dynasty.
After the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, the Western Jin Dynasty entered a chaotic world, and Murong Xi (wěi), Mo Hubao's great-grandson, led the rapid rise of Xianbei, when the Central Plains fell into war, and Murong Xi wantonly recruited Central Plains refugees, laying the foundation for Murong Shi's rise. It was from then on that the descendants of the Murong family formally studied the Han people and took "Murong" as their surname.
Murong Hui led the family for half a century, and after his death, he left his son Murong Hao (皝) a great river and mountain, and Murong Hao was not incompetent, and the Book of Jin said that he:
Dragon face version of teeth, seven feet eight inches long. He is a man of many powers, a scholar of scriptures, and a good at astronomy.
Murong Hao established himself as king of Yan in the third year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (337 AD), and his capital was in Longcheng (Chaoyang, Liaoning), and he once again unified the Xianbei tribes in the northeast region. Then he waved his division south, intending to enter the Central Plains.
In the fourth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (348), Murong Hao failed to achieve his goal of going south and regrettably died, and was succeeded by his son Murong Juan (jùn). Murong Juan was a ming lord of the ming dynasty, and Fang Xuanling said in the Book of Jin that Murong Juan:
"Fight a war and flatten the giant Kou, and then lift up the fortified city, qi and neighbors, Wei Jia side suit"
When Murong Juan succeeded to the throne, several of Later Zhao Shihu's sons were vying for the throne, and the Later Zhao guerrilla general Ran Min seized the opportunity to seize power, however, Ran Min actually introduced the "Kill Hu Order", and Murong Juan could only fight with Ran Min.
As a result, Murong Juan defeated Ran Min's infantry with cavalry, collected Later Zhao's area and soldiers, and opened the hegemonic mode. The year was 352 AD. Subsequently, Murong Juan declared himself emperor and established "Great Yan", with the capital at Yecheng. Because there were still four "Great Yan" regimes behind it, historians called the regime established by Murong Juan "Former Yan". Counting up, Murong Juan was the first generation of emperors of the Murong family.
Former Yan, under the leadership of Murong Juan, was once incomparably powerful. At that time, the three different regimes of Former Qin, Former Yan and Eastern Jin stood on three legs.
From Sima Yi's conquest of Liaodong, When Mo Huba was attached to Cao Wei, to Murong Juan's establishment of Former Yan, Murong Shi experienced nearly a hundred years of hard work, and after 5 generations of efforts, it can be described as "The Rest of the Fifth Dynasty", and finally reached its peak.
The reason why the Murong family was able to rise within a hundred years was mainly for two reasons:
First, although the descendants of the Murong family were born tough, they accepted the ideas of the Han people early, for example, all the officials of Former Yan were modeled on the model of Cao Wei, which had a relative advantage over other "Hu people".
Second, the Murong family had a good time, they didrmant for many years, encountered the chaos of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. When they rose, they did not receive strong resistance from the Central Plains Dynasty.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, Murong's crisis</h1>
Standing at the pinnacle of the family, Murong Juan was an ambitious emperor, however, history seemed to have made a joke to the Murong family, when Murong Juan's father Murong Juan died of illness when he was preparing to go south to the Central Plains, and now, Murong Juan was preparing to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but he also died of illness. Murong Juan was lying on his sickbed, very unwilling, and he looked at his son Murong Wei, who was only 10 years old, full of entanglements.
Next, Murong Juan made an unexpected decision. Book of Jin Yun:
Murong Jun said, "... I want to pursue Song Xuan far away, and I want to belong to Ru in the community. ”
Murong Juan wanted to pass the throne to his younger brother Murong Ke, not his son Murong Wei.
Murong Ke was Murong Juan's younger brother, and the reason why Murong Ke was able to defeat Ran Min at that time was entirely because of his younger brother Murong Ke as the vanguard. Murong Ke, like his brother, was the king of the battlefield.
Murong Ke was not only a fierce fighter, but also a master at guessing people's hearts, and he sniffed out the crisis from his brother's words, because he knew that his brother did not really want to pass the throne to him. His nephew Murong Wei was only 10 years old, and the lord shaoguo was suspicious, and his brother was testing him.
So Murong Ke said:
"If Your Majesty is a vassal of the world, he would rather not assist the Lord!"
This means: Since Your Majesty thinks that I have the ability to open up the remote areas for the Murong family, do not doubt that I have the ability to assist the young lord.
At this point, Murong Juan was relieved, and he passed the throne to his son Murong Wei (慕容暐) (wěi) and his younger brother Murong Ke (慕容恪). Murong Wei was the second-generation emperor of the Murong family.
With murong ke's assistance, Former Yan continued its glory. However, in 367, Murong Ke, who had never been defeated, died, and he recommended his younger brother Murong Chui to Murong Wei to assist him. Murong Chui was the fifth brother of Murong Chui and Murong Ke, whose original name was not Murong Chui (慕容巴), but was suppressed by Murong Chui in his early years, so he changed his name. Unfortunately, Murong Wei did not trust this fifth uncle, and Murong Chui never had the opportunity to display his talents.
Two years later, the Eastern Jin dynasty general Huan Wen 's Northern Expedition , the Former Yan army that lost Murong Ke was vulnerable , and Murong Wei was forced to move the capital and return to his former capital Longcheng in the northeast. At this time, Murong Chui finally got the opportunity, and he led 8,000 cavalry to launch a surprise attack and defeated the Eastern Jin army.
Murong Chui became famous in the first battle, but he still did not get Murong Wei's trust, and Murong Wei even felt that Murong Chui was highly powerful and planned to get rid of Murong Chui. In desperation, Murong Chui defected to Former Qin.
After Murong Fell, the Murong family withered away and was soon destroyed by Former Qin. Former Yan thus perished, and Guozuo was only 33 years old.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >3, Murong Chui, a resounding name</h1>
Murong Chui lay dormant in Former Qin for 15 years, and after the fall of Former Yan, Murong Chui's goal in life was to restore Great Yan and restore the glory of the Murong family.
Some people said that When Murong Chui first defected to Former Qin, he wanted to go undercover in Former Qin. In fact, this was nonsense, because when Former Qin destroyed Former Yan, Murong Chui did not help his family. Because what he wanted was not Murong Wei's Great Yan, but Murong Chui's own Great Yan.
In 383 AD, Former Qin Jianjian led an army of 800,000 to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the famous Eastern Jin general Xie Xuan won more with 80,000 troops, which is the famous "Battle of Shuishui". The Battle of Shuishui had a direct impact on the course of Chinese history, and it aborted the great cause of former Qin's unification. Former Qin also gradually went to extinction because of this battle.
It is said that when Murong Jian was preparing to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty, many people opposed it, but Murong Chui resolutely supported Zhi Jian. Later, Murong Jian's army was defeated, but Murong Chui's 30,000-strong army was well preserved. It seemed that Murong Chui had anticipated it. However, Murong Chui was also righteous, and after the defeat of Zhijian's army, he took the initiative to escort Zhijian back to Guanzhong, and then he broke away from Fujian and went to the road of restoration.
Murong Chui's first battle to restore the kingdom was to retake former Yan's old capital of Yicheng, when the defender of Yicheng was Murong Jian's son Zhi Pi (苻丕), who saw that Murong Chui's siege of the city was too fierce and he could not resist it, so he planned to dedicate the city to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, hoping to borrow the hand of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to deal with Murong Chui. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was deceived and sent the general Liu Gaozhi to attack Murong Chui. Unexpectedly, Murong Chui first cheated and then raided Liu Jiaozhi, resulting in the latter's fiasco. It should be known that Liu Gaozhi was a famous general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but in front of Murong Chui's eyes, it seemed that it was not worth mentioning.
It can be seen that Murong Chui is definitely a generation of war gods.
In 384, Murong Chui officially restored the kingdom and established Great Yan, known in history as "Later Yan". Because Murong Chui was the younger brother of Murong Chui, the founding monarch of Former Yan, he was also strictly speaking, the first generation of the "Great Yan" emperors.
In the next ten years, it was Murong Chui's performance moment, and he successively took away the cities of Qingzhou, Yanzhou, and Xuzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and also defeated Goguryeo and occupied The old nest of the Murong family, Liaodong. At that time, in the Area of Hetao in northern Jin, except for the Northern Wei regime that was still Tuoba, the other areas were almost all the territory of Later Yan, and the area and population of Later Yan far exceeded that of Former Yan. Murong Chui spent 10 years not only restoring the glory of the Murong family, but also making the rest of the family look up to the mountains.
In that chaotic era, not only Murong Chui was restoring the country, but the last monarch of Former Yan, Murong Wei, was also seeking to restore the country during his escape. Just after Murong Chui established Later Yan, Murong Wei and several of his brothers rose back on the rise, and after Murong Wei's death, his younger brother Murong Hong established another "Great Yan" regime in Guanzhong, known historically as "Western Yan".
However, civil unrest later broke out in Western Yan, and Murong Hong was assassinated by family members, and his cousin Murong Yong succeeded to the throne.
The territory of Western Yan was relatively small, and the Western Yan monarchs dreamed of returning to the east. However, due to the indissoluble hatred between them and Murong Chui, there were family collisions between Western Yan and Later Yan.
Obviously, the weak Western Yan was certainly not Murong Chui's opponent,
Ten years later, Murong Chui killed Murong Yong, the late emperor of Western Yan, and from then on, Western Yan was owned by Later Yan, and Western Yan's state was only 10 years old.
As mentioned above, in addition to the Murong clan, the Xianbei clan also has a very famous family, that is, the Tuoba clan, and the Northern Wei Dynasty belongs to the Tuoba family.
Also in the north, Murong Chui and Tuoba Jue were both careerists, and in order to compete for the dominance of the north, there was bound to be a big war between the two. Murong Chui liked to conquer others, so he decided to attack Northern Wei first. At that time, Later Yan was strong, Northern Wei was weak, Murong Chui was more than 70 years old, and his son Murong Bao was not senior enough, so Murong Chui appointed his son Murong Bao to lead troops to attack Northern Wei, and in Murong Chui's view, this was a war that could be won and could increase his son's prestige.
Unexpectedly, next, there was a dramatic scene, saying that the good "steady win" was lost in the end. Because Murong Chui was old at that time, Tuoba Jue rumored that Murong Chui was dead and secretly mourned. As a result, Murong Bao's army was in turmoil, and eventually the Later Yan generals were almost completely destroyed at Sanhepi, and Murong Bao desperately led more than a thousand people to escape. When Murong Chui heard the news, he was furious, and he personally led an army to attack Northern Wei, intending to recover Murong's dignity from Northern Wei.
Halfway through, Murong Chui passed by his son's defeated Samhepi, he dismounted to pay homage to the dead spirits of his compatriots, and when he saw the scene of corpses like mountains, Murong Chui was so excited that he vomited a mouthful of blood and fell ill ever since.
Murong Chui ordered Banshi, but a generation of gods of war died on the way back to the dynasty.
The sunset of Samhepi, illuminating the back of a hero's twilight, Murong Chui, although the restoration of the country was successful, ended with sadness.
Later, in the Eight Parts of the Heavenly Dragon, Jin Yong called the place where the Murong family lived "Sanhezhuang", which was actually quite meaningful.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >4, Murong "Five Yan"</h1>
Later Yan lost Murong Chui, just as Former Yan lost Murong Ke and soon withered away. Although Murong Bao inherited the Throne of Later Yan, he was frightened by Tuoba Jue.
Tuoba Jue was not a vegetarian, and taking advantage of Murong Chui's death, he led an army of 400,000 to attack Later Yan and seize most of Later Yan's territory in one fell swoop.
In 397, Northern Wei conquered Zhongshan County, and Murong Bao's Later Yan was cut off by the Northern Wei army, and Murong Bao fled in fright, leading half of the northern forces to live in Longcheng.
Later, civil unrest broke out, Murong Bao was killed, and his younger brothers Murong Lin and Murong Xi succeeded to the throne successively, and Murong Xi was desolate and unscrupulous, and was jointly killed by his adopted son Murong Yun (Gao Yun) and the general Feng Bao. Murong Yun established himself as the King of Yan, known in history as "Northern Yan".
Because Murong Yun was Murong Xi's adopted son, he was equivalent to the third generation of the Murong family's emperors, and was barely a member of the Murong family. Later, Feng Bao replaced Murong Yun as the second monarch of Northern Yan, and Northern Yan was completely out of touch with the Murong family.
30 years later, Northern Yan was destroyed by Northern Wei.
Historically, although Northern Yan was also part of the Murong family, because Murong Yun was only an adopted son, and Feng Bao was not surnamed Murong, some people of the Murong family did not recognize that "Northern Yan" belonged to the Murong clan.
Half of the forces in the south of Later Yan were commanded by Murong De. Murong De was Murong Chui's younger brother and Murong Bao's uncle. After Murong Bao's death, Murong De proclaimed himself emperor in Qingzhou and established the Southern Yan. Murong De was the younger brother of Murong Ke and Murong Chui, and at that time Southern Yan was between major forces, and Murong De held out for 10 years with his strength, until he died of illness and passed the throne to his nephew Murong Chao, and Southern Yan was eventually destroyed by Liu Yu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
From Murong Yan's establishment of Former Yan, to Murong Chui's Establishment of Later Yan, to Murong Hong's Western Yan, Murong Yun's Northern Yan, and Murong De's Southern Yan, Murong Shi established 5 different "Great Yan" regimes in 3 generations in just 50 years. However, the rise and fall is in the blink of an eye in 50 years. 50 years later, the Murong family was completely reduced to slaves for "restoring the country".
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > five, restoration, restoration</h1>
Also from the Xianbei clan, the Murong clan had been brilliant, but they did not have the Tuoba clan to go long. After the fall of the Five Yans, murong was completely liquidated by the Tuoba family. In the following 20 years or so, the Murong people were slaughtered and there were constant rebellions among the Murong people. In order to take refuge, some people changed their surnames to Mu (Mu) or Rong, and it was not until the fall of Northern Wei that some of them restored the surname Murong.
After the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, during the Sui and Tang dynasties, Murong's clan had been scattered and scattered, unable to be condensed, but the descendants of The Murong Imperial Family were always thinking about how to restore the family glory of the Great Yan in the Great Year.
However, the slogan is shouted loudly, and it is easy to achieve it.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, although the descendants of the Murong family also wanted to restore the country, but it was long impossible to achieve, in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin had a general named Murong Yanzhao, who was a descendant of the "Five Yans" Murong clan, but Murong Yanzhao was loyal throughout his life and showed no signs of rebellion. According to the Compilation of Anecdotes of the Song Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Zhezong of the Northern Song Dynasty, a member of the Suzhou surname Murong was suspected of plotting rebellion with the intention of establishing Great Yan, and was reprimanded as a result. Although this is only a wild history, it may be one of the inspirations for Mr. Jin Yong's fictional Murong Fu's father and son.
But in any case, from the fall of Southern Yan to the song zhezong period, nearly 700 years, the Murong family still wanted to restore the country, this obsession, people sigh.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > six, xiaobian has something to say</h1>
Murong is one of the Chinese compound surnames, and in history, the "Five Yan" period, especially "Former Yan" and "Later Yan", was the most glorious time for this surname. However, the once vigorous Murong family has never been great, nor has it fallen, and throughout history, we will find that the decline of the Murong family is actually not accidental.
The author believes that there are two important reasons why the Murong family will decline and why the "Five Yans" will be easily overthrown:
First, the Murong family was willing slaves to power. From the time Murong Juan established Former Yan, the "Five Yan" regime was never harmonious, and they faced either father-son cannibalism or brotherly suspicion, although the family was talented, but it was not united. In the long period of internal friction, the people of the Murong family had long become slaves to power. This is the beginning of this family tragedy.
Second, the Murong family's system was too backward. Although Murong Shi had been Sinicized for a long time, the core of his rule was supported by a strong monarch. The power of this monarch directly determines the future of the regime.
From ancient times to the present, when a country places its fate on a certain person, the tragedy is not far away. The downfall of the Murong family's "Five Yans" had a lot to do with this.
Many surnames have been glorious, no matter how glorious the past is, it is also the past. We live in an era of great unity of many nationalities, whether it is Zhao Qiansun Li or Murong Ouyang, facing a major change that has not been encountered in a hundred years, people of all surnames in China will unite as one, face challenges together, and make our due contributions to the development of the motherland and world peace.