To cure the sickness of the king, to save the poor and the lowly, and to preserve the growth and perfection of the middle, so as to nourish his body."
A self-prologue to Zhongjing's "Treatise on Typhoid Fever"
Statue of Zhongjing in the Nanyang Medical Shrine
The "SARS" in 2003 and the "new crown" that swept the world in 2020 made people re-acquaint themselves with Mr. Zhang Zhongjing, the originator of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the ancestor of all parties. The ephedra soup, ma apricot stone sweet soup, three soups, large and small chai hu soup, guizhi soup, large and small white tiger soup, etc. created by it have played a pivotal role, reducing suffering for a while, twisting the disease to prevent the transmission of the disease can be described as a thousand and eight hundred years, still effective.
The Ming and Qing "Chronicles of Changsha Province" recorded: "Zhang Ji. Character Zhongjing, Changsha Taishou, when the epidemic was epidemic, the treatment method was mixed, the machine wrote typhoid fever on the golden kuai, the party walked in the world, the people lived all the time", in order to commemorate the character and achievements of Zhang Zhongjing's lobby diagnosis, the Chinese medicine pharmacy in later generations was mostly titled "XX Hall".
The Background of "On Typhoid Fever"
Since the Jian'an Chronicle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing has collected a large number of books, collected good recipes, and condensed his life's efforts to write a book "On Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases". The book was written around 200-210 AD. The book is reduced to a book. What Chinese medicine calls typhoid fever is actually a general term for all exopathic diseases, including plague, which is an infectious disease. The name "typhoid fever" was already known during the Spring and Autumn Warring States period. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it became a general term for various acute febrile infectious diseases, including a wide range.
According to Mr. Zhu Kezhen's research, the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty were an era of drastic climate change.
In the twenty-sixth year of Jianwu, the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Five Elements, Ancient and Modern Notes records:
"Seven Plagues of the County"
There was a great plague in seven counties.
In the twenty-seventh year of Jianwu, the Xiongnu in the north also broke out a rare plague, which was accompanied by a drought, which greatly damaged the Xiongnu's vitality:
"Man and animal plague death, drought locust red land, not one of the counties of China"
During the reign of Emperor Huan of han, "yin and yang translocation, when warm and cold, spring is often miserable, and summer frost and hail";
Emperor Guanghe of The Han Ling And the winter of the sixth year (184) "The ice in the Beihai, Donglai, and Lang evil wells is thick and thick";
In June of the fourth year (193) of the han xian emperor Chuping, "the cold wind was like winter".
In addition, hail, frost, snow, cold and other extreme weather records continue to history.
After Wang Mang usurped Han, it also happened in the Green Forest army that rebelled against him: a great plague, half of the dead, but scattered and led away."
According to the Book of Jin, in 157 AD, the country had a population of more than 56 million, and by 257 AD, the national population was only more than 16 million, and the population had shrunk by two-thirds in more than 100 years!
156 years of the immediate duke,"Two years of eiju, 16,679,066 people, mouth 566,850 people"
The book is an overview of the contents
The whole book includes six classics dialectics, miscellaneous disease dialectics, and flat pulse methods, especially containing the six qi main guests, wound and heat disease pulse evidence, fever disease pulse evidence and treatment, wet disease pulse evidence, wound and dry disease pulse evidence, cold and dry disease pulse evidence, etc., the six obscene disease evil wind, cold disease pulse evidence, etc., the discussion of the six obscene diseases evil wind, cold, summer, wet, dry, heat and other articles is more detailed, which is the biggest feature of the difference between the book and other editions.
At the same time, the book also lists many cases and preserves a large number of effective prescriptions. Rich in content, theory, law, prescription, medicine are coherent and compact, theory is linked with practice, and it is still an important medical book that must be followed in the study of Chinese medicine.
The Shrine of the Physicians is dedicated to the Shrine of the Holy Fathers
It is worth mentioning that in the preface to Zuo Shengde in this book, it is said that his teacher Zhang Shaozu was the forty-sixth grandson of Zhang Zhongjing, and his family had a hereditary manuscript of the sixteenth volume of typhoid fever and miscellaneous diseases (the twelfth draft of Zhang Zhongjing's treatise on typhoid fever and miscellaneous diseases), which was passed on to him, and now Zuo Shi passed it on to Luo Zhechu, that is, this ancient Copy of Guilin's "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases".
Transcription and development of "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases"
In the Jin Dynasty, the Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases was discovered by the Tai Doctor Ling Wang Shuhe by chance. The book was already fragmentary, and Uncle Wang and reading this strange book intermittently were extremely excited. Using the identity of Taiyi Ling, he made every effort to collect various manuscripts of the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases", and finally found all the parts about typhoid fever, Wang Shuhe applied the Zhang's doctrine to the evidence during the pandemic at the end of the Three Kingdoms, and made a comprehensive observation of Zhongjing's theory of dialectics and the prescription medicines for treatment, thus compiling and compiling 22 articles of this Huanghuang Treatise on "On Typhoid Fever", describing 397 treatment methods, containing 113 poems, totaling more than 50,000 words, but the miscellaneous diseases in "On Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" have disappeared. Wang Shuhe's credit, in the words of Xu Dachun, a famous doctor in the Qing Dynasty, is "Gou WuShuhe, Yan has this book."
Medical Culture Festival
Uncle Wang and Zhang Zhongjing have a deep relationship, not only for him to sort out medical books, but also to leave us with the earliest written records about Zhang Zhongjing.
Wang Shuhe said in the preface to the "Pulse Sutra": "Husband's medicine is for the use, and his life is related." And the Magpie's Magic, Judah or Garth; Zhongjing Ming trial, also waiting for the form of evidence, if there is any doubt, then examine the calibration to seek verification. ”
After that, the book gradually spread in the folk and was respected by doctors. Tao Hongjing, a famous physician of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, once said: "Only Zhang Zhongjing is the most ancestral of all parties." It is conceivable that this foundational and high-peak work makes people know its author and pushes the author to the lofty position of medical saint.
One: The origin of the title of the book
The Treatise on Typhoid Fever began to be recorded in historical books in the Tang Dynasty, but it has not yet been called the Treatise on Typhoid Fever. The Book of Sui (Book of Sui) records twelve volumes of Zhang Zhongjingfang and two volumes of Zhang Zhongjing Healing Woman Fang. Quoting the Seven Records of Liang, there are ten volumes of Zhang Zhongjing's Identification of Typhoid Fever. The Old Book of Tang (Old Book of Tang) records that Wang Shuhe wrote the fifteen volumes of Zhang Zhongjing's Prescriptions.
The New Book of Tang (新唐書) "Yiwen Zhi" ("Uncle Wang and Zhang Zhongjingfang" in fifteen volumes, and "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Death" in ten volumes. ”
Cited and perfected by famous medical experts
In view of the fact that "the secret Zhongjing Fang of the Jiangnan Masters did not pass on", Sun Simiao collected Zhang Zhongjing's writings everywhere. When he wrote the "Preparation for Emergencies and Thousands of Golds" (written in 652), he recorded only a small part of the contents of the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever". By the time he wrote the Qianjin Yifang in his later years (written about 680), most of the contents of the currently known Treatise on Typhoid Fever were already contained in volumes IX and 10, which can be said to be the earliest version of the Treatise on Typhoid Fever, also known as the Tang Ben.
However, the miscellaneous diseases in this edition of the Golden Outline are not found here.
In the eleventh year of Tang Tianbao (752), when Wang Tao compiled the Outer Platform Secret Essentials, he quoted many contents of the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever", and the provisions of the current "Outline of the Golden Plateau" also appeared in it. From the content quoted in the "Secret Essentials of the Outer Platform", it can be seen that the version of the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever" referred to by Wang Tao, starting from 11 volumes, is the same as that of the "Outline of the Golden Plateau" in this book.
From this, we can speculate that before the Tang Dynasty, the Treatise on Typhoid Fever was already divided into two systems, one system was to separate the corrected texts of the Six Classics of Typhoid Fever from the miscellaneous diseases and write a separate book, similar to the current ten volumes of the Treatise on Typhoid Fever, with the Tang and Song texts as the base version; and the other system was to combine these two parts to form 12 volumes, 15 volumes, 16 volumes, or more volumes.
Second: The Song Dynasty is more refined and perfect
The Song Dynasty, 800 years after Zhang Zhongjing's death, was a dynasty rejuvenated by the Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases. During the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song, a Hanlin scholar named Wang Su found a copy of "Silkworm Jane" in the library of the Hanlin Academy, a bamboo book that had been mothed by insects, and the title of the book was "The Outline of the Golden Jade Letter". Part of the book is similar to the Treatise on Typhoid Fever, and the other part deals with miscellaneous diseases. Later, when the famous physicians Lin Yi, Sun Qi, and others were ordered by the imperial court to revise the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever", they compared it with the "Outline of the Golden Kuaiyu Letter", which was known to be written by Zhongjing, but it was renamed "The Outline of the Golden Plateau" and published in the world, with a total of 25 articles and 262 poems. At this point, several key characters in the fate of "On Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" have all appeared.
Both the Treatise on Typhoid Fever and the Outline of the Golden Plateau were revised and distributed during the Song Dynasty, and what we see today is the Song Dynasty edition. In addition to the repeated prescriptions, the two books contain a total of 269 prescriptions, using 214 flavors of drugs, which basically summarize the common prescriptions of various clinical departments.
Listed in four medical codexes
These two books, together with the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classics and the Shennong Materia Medica, are called the "Four Classics of Chinese Medicine"—four classics, and Zhang Zhongjing alone accounts for two of them. (According to another theory, the four classics of Chinese medicine are the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic, the Difficult Classic, the Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases, and the Shennong Materia Medica.) ）
"On Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" is a classic work that must be practiced by later generations of practitioners, and successive generations of physicians have highly praised and praised it, and it is still one of the main basic courses opened by Chinese medicine colleges and universities in China, and it is still the source of Chinese medicine learning. From last year's "new crown" retrospective period to SARS, the book and Zhang Zhongjing have once again become the focus of people's attention. This is unthinkable in Western medicine, because there can be no 19th-century anatomical work that can be used as a textbook today, and the treatment of Western medicine cannot be found in the old ancestors hundreds of years ago.
Outstanding contribution
In this work, Zhang Zhongjing created three world firsts: for the first time, artificial respiration, drug enemas, and biliary roundworm treatments were recorded.
In the nearly 2,000 years since it was written, it has always had a strong vitality, and it is recognized as the originator of the Chinese medical formula book, and is praised by the academic community as the most influential clinical classic that pays attention to dialectical treatment and becomes its own family. Most of the prescriptions listed in the book are well-matched, and many of them have been confirmed by modern science, and later generations of doctors have applied them according to the law, and each can achieve good curative effects. In history, 400 to 500 scholars have explored its theoretical prescription medicines, leaving nearly a thousand monographs and monographs, thus forming a very brilliant and unique typhoid school in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. According to statistics, as of 2002, nearly 2,000 kinds of books have been published in various places to study "On Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases".
Inheritance and development
"On Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" has not only become a must-read book for doctors in China, but also widely spread overseas, such as Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Mongolia and other countries. Especially in Japan, there was an ancient fang school of Zhang Zhongjing in history, until today, the Japanese Traditional Chinese medicine community still likes to use Zhang Zhongjingfang, in some famous Chinese medicine pharmaceutical factories in Japan, typhoid fever generally accounts for more than 60%.
According to relevant records, in addition to "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases", Zhang Zhongjingshang wrote the following works: "Zhang Zhongjing's Healing of women's Fang" in two volumes; "Zhang Zhongjingfang" in fifteen volumes; "Zhang Zhongjing's Discourse on Speech"; "Zhang Zhongjing's Commentary on the Essentials of Illness" in one volume, and so on. The above bibliographies may be separate volumes of some of the contents of the Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases, and may not be otherwise described.
Zhang Ji's Preface (Self-Prologue)
Commentary: Yu Every time he saw the diagnosis of the Yue people into the Yu, he looked at the color of Qi Hou and sighed with regret. Suddenly suffering from the evil wind, the baby is very ill, suffering from disasters, and Fang Zhenli, descending to the end of the festival, admiring the hope, returning to heaven in poverty, tying his hands and being defeated, holding the most precious heavy weapon, entrusting all doctors, arbitrarily doing what he wants, and whining! The body has been killed, the gods have been destroyed, they have become foreign bodies, and they have dived into heavy springs, and they have cried in vain, and they have been painful! The whole world is comatose, can not be enlightened, at the cost of his life, if it is a light life, he is the foot of the glory of the cloud! And entering cannot love others and know people, retreating cannot love and know oneself, encountering disasters and disasters, living in the wrong place, being ignorant, and being stupid as a wandering soul. Whoops! Trend people, racing glitz, not solid, forget the body, danger like an ice valley, as for yes also. If you have not been able to cure all the diseases, you can see the source of the disease, and if you can find the rest of the collection, you will think about it halfway. Fu Tianbu Five Elements, to transport all kinds, people to the five constants, to have the five viscera, meridian Fu Yu, Yin and Yang will pass, Xuan Meditation subtle, change is extremely difficult, self-talent is highly intelligent, how can you explore its reasoning! In ancient times, there were Shennong, Yellow Emperor, Qibo, Bogao, Lei Gong, Shao Yu, Shaoshi, Zhongwen, Changsang and Bian Que in the Middle Ages, and Gong Yangqing and Canggong in Han. The doctor who looks at the present does not think about the scriptures, so as to perform what he knows, each inherits his family skills, always goes along with the old, saves the disease and asks the sick, and is obliged to give orally. Relatively bearded, it is put in the soup medicine, according to the inch is not enough, the handshake is not enough, the person greets the Sun, the three parts do not participate, the number of movements is breathless, less than fifty, the short-term unknown diagnosis, the nine waits have no as if, the Ming Tang Minting, do not see the detection, the so-called voyeurism only. It is a great embarrassment for the husband to see death and not to live. Confucius Ziyun: Those who are born to know are superior, those who learn are sub-knowledgeable, more knowledgeable, and second to know. Yu Su Shang Fang Shu, please Shi Si language.
Han Changsha Taishou Nanyang Zhang Ji Sequence
Guilin Zuo De's Preface to "Guiben Typhoid Fever"
The words of Mr. Zhang Shaozu, the master of YuWen, said: "The book of typhoid fever in my family is said to have a total of thirteen drafts, each of which has been copied all over the city, and the ones that remain here are the twelfth draft, and the remnants are either kept secret by the clansmen or robbed of ashes, which is nothing more than a book; Shu He's income is passed down as the seventh draft, compared with those who are dirty, during which there is no such thing as Guduo, and the number of compilations is not similar, or it is usurped by Shu He, or it is suspected of being added and deleted by the Song people, and the lawsuits are various, and each insists on its own opinion; however, there is no publication at the time of the Examination and Jin Dynasty, it is like a copy, and the early Song Dynasty and song dynasty were easy to copy as a publication, so it was called Yi Jian, so it was said Then the publisher is not only not the original manuscript of the Han Dynasty, but also the original manuscript of Shu He. "Under the instructions of Yu, I also doubted it at first, and read a volume of typhoid fever examples, see it in the Khan no sweat, can vomit can not vomit, can not be under the law, all contained in it, in the Six Classics have already had the article is not repeatedly quoted, the law is strict, the first know that the discernment of khan carved in the street is not sweaty, can be vomited, can not be down, and sweat After vomiting the volume, the posterity of the people with the method of reading, mixed in the middle, and the law of not taking into account the compilation of the book is not as good as it is, otherwise the disciples of the Kong clan, the people who ask the benevolent, the people who ask the government, why not all kinds of them, and they are worried about this! Laughing, he asked, "What do you like?" Shi Yu was only weak in the crown, and replied: "I dare not be greedy, I have not yet obtained its essentials, and I am looking for ears." ”
[Teacher' Day] "Since the son is eager to learn and know acupuncture, he can read the treatise on typhoid fever, and I have a manuscript of sixteen volumes of typhoid fever and miscellaneous diseases, which are not revealed to others, and if they are not passed on, they are afraid of falling." Therefore, it is said that this book is upside down, and the family of my teacher is tireless. First, yan urged Yu Yue: "Hurry down and worship." "So he worshipped him impromptuly, and received a teacher." Now Luo Shengzhe was a well-known person in Wuyi, from the practice of acupuncture for many years, quite able to do a good job of Yu, Yu also gave it to those who received it, Yu did not live up to my teacher, Luo Sheng will not fail Tou, so the special order of its origins, Luo Sheng Qizhi, Luo Sheng Qi mian zhi.
Guangxu twenty years old times Jia Noon March Guilin
The advent of "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" has raised the medicine of the motherland to a new stage. About thirty years after Zhongjing's death, Wei Taiyi Ling Wang Shuhe, a great physician who had written the "Pulse Sutra", made great efforts to compile and sort out the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" scattered in the war, so that it could be preserved and circulated.
By the Tang Dynasty, the Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases was introduced to Japan and became a treasure book of Oriental medicine. Soon after the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the newly established school bookstore first proofread the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever", and the editors said in the song chapter presented to the emperor: "There is no urgency for a hundred diseases, and there is no rush for typhoid fever." In order to achieve early promulgation throughout the country.
In the 7th year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1742), Wu Qian, a famous doctor of the Imperial Court Order Tai Hospital, led by organizing personnel to compile the "Medical Sect Golden Book", they combined the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever" and the "Outline of the Golden Plateau" into the "Zhongjing Quanshu" in seventeen volumes, which were placed at the top of the "Medical Sect Golden Book", thus playing a great role in guiding medicine at that time.
In the early 1950s, New China began to compile textbooks for "On Typhoid Fever" and "Outline of the Golden Plateau", and there are still higher-level textbooks published in the past half century.
Today, millions of Chinese medicine practitioners (including rural doctors) are using Zhongjing's Jingfang to treat patients more or less every day; the frequency of Jingfang entering the laboratory is getting higher and higher; national Zhongjing Theory Academic Exchange Conferences are often held, and there are more and more international Zhongjing Academic Exchange Activities. According to the incomplete statistics of relevant scholars, since wei and Jin dynasties have written more than 3,000 monographs on the Zhongjing theory (including more than 800 abroad); more than 15,000 papers on the Zhongjing theory published in magazines at or above the provincial level and exchanged at academic conferences; and the scope of treatment of diseases by Jingfang is being greatly expanded, such as a small chai hu tang can treat more than 300 diseases. The above three fully illustrate three problems: first, the Zhongjing Theory has always been dominant in the history of Chinese medicine; second, the Zhongjing Theory has nurtured generations of famous doctors; third, today, with the rapid development of modern medicine, the Zhongjing Theory still has such a great and far-reaching impact, which is also rare in the history of world science, and it is indeed more glorious in the thousands of years of the Tao. For thousands of years, Zhang Zhongjing has been revered as a Chinese medical saint by medical practitioners at home and abroad, and his spirit and doctrine have become the "soul of Chinese medicine".