Cartoon portrait of Li Zongwu (Source: Houhei xue; author: Yu Shihai)
Author: Zhong Yongxin
In the Chinese society of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, Li Zongwu, the "Leader of the Thick Black Sect," became a popular figure with his shocking ideas and maverick words and deeds.
Modern scholars have commented on Li Zongwu in their field of vision, which has been selected and sorted out as follows:
Shen Wu
Li Zongwu, the "Leader of the Thick Black Sect," is a maverick Sichuan ideological figure, and his academic views have had a wide influence, including the affirmation of well-known scholars, such as Wu Zhihui, Nan Huaijin, Tang Junyi, Jian Youwen, Zhang Mosheng, Liang Shiqiu, Lin Yutang, Zhang Hexhui, Xu Dafeng, Yu Blood Wheel, and so on, as well as the criticism and denial of many cultural figures, such as Pan Shu, Cao Juren, Wei Juxian, Shen Wu, etc., constituting the Phenomenon of Li Zongwu in the vision of modern Chinese scholars.
In recent years, in the miniature reading room of the National Library of China, Shen Wu's book "Criticism of Thick Black Studies" was classified as "ethics (moral philosophy)" under "philosophy" and then "personal cultivation", published by the Shuowen Society in 1946, the cover design adopted the light emitted in the dark, before the preface of Hu Jiachuan and the author's preface, and then there was the sayings of Master Wei Dashi (that is, Wei Juxian), the book criticized Houheixue quite systematically, starting from separate criticism and comprehensive criticism, it is a more rigorous ethical work, with certain speculative characteristics.
The book argues that "I only thought that this style of work was too excessive, thinking that we could make a joke by exposing the ugly and evil appearance of the general thick black people in ancient and modern times, or by satirizing the last custom, but we must not have the slightest tone of encouragement or inducement, so that it will play the opposite effect, and the thickener black person will help." He pointed out that the criticism stemmed from "my personality of Mr. Li Zongwu, judging from his various related works, is a high-level scholar and a contemporary great thinker (he is the most innocent stone lion outside the Grand View Garden'). His character, we admire. However, his theory and style of talking about thick black studies are very wrong. From the standpoint of truth and famous religion, we cannot but strictly refute him. ”
In addition, at the end of the text, Wei Juxian's words are not lacking in truth, which points out that "the success of one person must have three elements, one is timing, two is strength, and three is means." ...... There are many such means, and 'thick black' is also one of them. It is not to abandon the timing, the power, the means of exclusive speech, but to throw away other means, and only use 'thick black' as the basis of success, which is a big mistake and a special mistake. ”
The author Shen Wu's situation is unknown, and then he purchased the 1992 Shen Wu book "Moral Cultivation Sword Inscription", the preface note mentions that there is a biography of Shen Wu in the first issue of the Jiangsu Min revolution in 1992, and in early 2015, he went to Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, to find this journal, and could refer to it.
Shen Wu, born in Wuxi in 1906, was admitted to the "Wuxi Guoxue Specialized Training Center" set up by the famous educator Tang Wenzhi in his early years, and after the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Shen Wu resigned from the supervision work in Ningdu County, Jiangxi Province, and entered the third branch of the Huangpu Military Academy in Ruijin to receive military training. The preface mentions that he wrote this book in Shapingba, Chongqing, after reading Houhei in Izukawa.
The biography of Shen Wu in the "Jiangsu Min revolution" does not mention the "Criticism of HouheiXue", or because of social development and changes, it is inconvenient to mention the theory of criticizing Houhei, so it is omitted, Shen Wu's preface especially mentions the depth of his traditional education "famous teaching", which should refer to his study experience in the "Wuxi Sinology Seminary", and in his later years Shen Wu also wrote the "Moral Cultivation Inscription", which is also the creative content of ethics, which is now engraved in the forest of steles in the long corridor of Liyuan In Wuxi. This is consistent with Shen Wu's insistence on "famous religion", so when he sees the works of "Thick Black Studies" that are very different from the traditional moral orientation and then launches criticism, there is a real source, so Shen Wu, the author of "Criticism of Thick Black Studies", is Wuxi Shen Wu. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shen Wu worked in several schools and was hired as a librarian at the Jiangsu Provincial Research Museum of Literature and History, and finally died at an advanced age.
He presents his old works as a new supplement to Li Zongwu's research.
Wei Juxian
Wei Juxian was an archaeologist in the Republic of China period, who called himself The Great Master of Wei, and published "History of Chinese Archaeology" and "Small History of Chinese Archaeology", and as a famous scholar, he held a negative and critical attitude towards Li Zongwu's theory.
Shen Wu's "Criticism of Houhei Studies" was published by the Shuowen Society in 1946, and Wei Juxian wrote a poem to expound his views and attitudes towards Houheixue, and Qiyun had listed "Houheixue" in the Shuowen Newspaper, and after checking that the Shuowen Monthly Had not yet been read.
Bao Zhongwei Juxian believes that "everyone's success requires three elements (one is timing, two is strength, and three is means), thick black science is only one of the means, if only thick black science is used as the basis of success, it is a big mistake" to be quite reasonable.
Then Wei Believes that people help and use each other, and that they are definitely not playing tricks and using thick black with each other, which shows that Wei Juxian's theory that human interaction is limited to three times, so he does not approve of the use of thick black methods.
Wei Shi then proposed that sexual goodness and evil belong to the problem of human evolution, which is not related to the face of thick black indifference, and should not be used as the foothold of thick black.
Finally, he concluded from the discussion of "how to become a hero" that it is necessary to seize the opportunity, exert strength, and use means, not simply by using the "thick black" in the means, so he suggests that readers should not fall on Li Zongwu's one-sided words, and it is understandable to explain the three elements of the art of success from the perspective of the overall situation, but this is only a direction of the social trend discussed by the thick black theory.
Cao Juren
Two modern scholars have a strong disapproval of Li Zongwu's thick black studies, and basically hold a negative attitude, one is Shen Wu, who authored "Criticism of Thick Black Studies", which was commented on in the form of a monograph; One is Cao Juren, who wrote the article "Li Zongwu", which was included in "Landscape, Thought, and Character", and also included in "Character Tan of Tianyi Pavilion".
Cao Juren is also a modern cultural figure with rich experience, engaged in journalism and conducting research on traditional Chinese studies, participating in the collation of Zhang Taiyan's "Introduction to Traditional Chinese Studies", and his comments on Li Zongwu are widely circulated, but Cao Juren's ability to include this work many times also shows that he is very concerned about Li's theory and further reads and questions.
In the text, Cao Juren believes that Houheixue is just another kind of "Dong Lai Bo Discussion", loves to use strange soldiers, and specializes in overturning articles, similar to Bacon's so-called "illusion of the cave", coming out of the "evil" side, and drilling into another "obstacle", due to the lack of ideological system, can not stand on its own, so the failure of Li's learning is enough to learn from, especially at the end of the article bluntly said that "true learning, 'extremely wise and moderate', do not have to be frightened by fools and fools, and laughed at by the knowers", which shows that Cao Juren strongly disagrees with Li Zongwu's thick black thought remarks. It is believed that Li's doctrine is specifically found in the words and sentences, and the view is problematic, but it is different from the ancient spirit, and it is only a bold hypothesis, without verification.
Although he also believes that Li's methodology has some truth in talking about historical chaos, the overall evaluation is nothing more than dazzling and strange, and the difference is high.
Pan Shu
The emergence of "thick black science" in the history of modern Chinese academic thought has attracted the attention and comments of some scholars, both opposing criticism, such as Cao Juren, Wei Juxian, etc., as well as praise and appreciation, such as Wu Zhihui, Zhang Mosheng, etc., of which the thick black science in the vision of psychologist Pan Shu is another cultural perspective.
Pan Shu (1897-1988), a native of Yixing, Jiangsu Province, was a psychologist and one of the founders of modern Chinese psychology. He graduated from the Department of Philosophy of Peking University in 1920, received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1926, and was appointed an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955. In 1943, he published "Reading Thick Black Studies" in the modern journal "Time and Tide", which was later included in the tenth volume of the "Complete Works of Pan Shu".
Before reading this article, he thought that Li Zongwu was a vitriolous and mean person, but after reading it, he did not expect that Li Zongwu originally seemed to be "hot intestines and ancient roads", but only temporarily painted his nose white.
Pan Shu pointed out that Li Zongwu's "My Doubts about Saints" and "My Ideological System" in the appendix article are more noteworthy, and commented that Li Zongwu could see through "more than three generations of saints and no saints below three generations, which is the biggest strange thing in ancient and modern times" can be called a masterpiece.
He also admired Li Zongwu's reading method, which can also be called Li Zongwu's method of thinking, such as "good doubt" and "not bound by the ancients", but this also revealed a lot of flaws, that is, "here only talk about doubts about the books of the ancients, and do not mention that the books of today's people should also be doubted." Pan Shu believes that the correct approach should be to "start with creation as the teacher, take the creation as the end of the teacher, and use the ancient and modern people as references and footnotes in the middle."
At the end of the article, Pan Shu agreed with the various opinions in Li Zongwu's "My Ideological System", saying that Li Zongwu was worthy of being an outstanding thinker, but in many places it was inevitable that he would be disappointed and appear somewhat utopian. In the end, the author believes that the reason is that there is a problem with Li Zongwu's reading method, in fact, "books should be read outside, not inside", and "even the books themselves should be doubted and jump out of the circle".
Hu family biography
During the Republic of China, "Houheixue" attracted the attention of many scribes, among which Shen Wu, who wrote a monograph from a critical point of view, tried to refute Li's theory from the ideological and academic system, and published it in the Shuowen Society, with the strong support of Wei Juxian and other famous artists, which shows that the "Criticism of Houheixue" was valued at that time, but it was not circulated, and it can be used as a reference material for Houheixue.
The invited preface to "Criticism of Thick Black Studies" was Hu Jiachuan, a self-signed Hefei person, written in Shapingba, Chongqing, and the biography of the biography is not well known.
In the preface, he also has a positive evaluation of Li Zongwu, believing that "Mr. Zongwu, who has many talents and accumulated learning, is full of xianqin, and his high style and arrogance, mud painting Xuan crown, and also out of the flow of the times", ""Psychology and Mechanics" and "Trends in Chinese Scholarship" and other books, such as "Psychology and Mechanics" and "Trends in Chinese Scholarship", are broad and profound, have unique insights, and can be passed down to the world", and believe that "Thick Black Studies" is Li's cynical and turned into a counter-radical theory, and many people in the world do not know where the author's intentions lie, and often mislead people.
Because Hu Jiachuan had more contacts with Shen Wu, often discussed the rise and fall of ancient and modern times, and took it as his duty to maintain the truth between famous sects, he was quite worried about the popular impact of the Houhei doctrine on morality. Shen Wu wrote "Criticism of Houhei Studies", which was intended to refute Houhei's remarks with the concept of famous teachings, but "reading must not be careless, and learning must not be careless", Hu Jiachuan also pointed out that through debate, it can be more and more clearly debated, and in a certain sense, he agrees to criticize Houheixue from a scholarly point of view to avoid people's hearts from drowning.
Wu Zhihui
Regarding the anecdotes about Wu Zhihui's interaction with Li Zongwu, it is recorded that Li Zongwu was wanted by the Republic of China government for writing and publishing "Houhei Xue", believing that "demonic words confuse the public", and later wu Zhihui said that he was exempted from intercession.
I specifically consulted the Taiwan edition of "The Complete Works of Wu Zhihui", but I did not see any text written, so I expressed doubts about whether the two had any contact.
Later, in the "Thick Black Study" (Qiming Printing House 1940 edition), there is an appendix letter, which is Wu Zhihui's handwriting, specifically mentioning the thick black study, and the letter character "Mr. Mao" is Mao Zishui, a native of Quzhou, Zhejiang, graduated from Peking University, studied at the University of Berlin, Germany, with rich writings, and is known as an "encyclopedic scholar" in the May Fourth era.
In the letter, Wu Zhihui pointed out that "thick black" people have all the hearts of the people, and if they can write it, it is a strange book, and it is used to burn the rhinoceros to illuminate the demon, which shows that Wu shi does have a lot of appreciation for houheiology, because Wu shi is also a figure in the ideology of the Republic of China, maverick, and has a crush on Li Zongwu's doctrine or heart.
In addition, Shen Wu's preface to "Criticism of Thick Black Studies" wrote: "In the autumn of this year, my colleague Wu Jun showed me the thick black studies written by Li Zongwu, and he said, 'The book is very good and very insightful.'" My colleague is very learned", this person may be Wu Zhihui.
Jane and Wen
The Dahua martyr was a famous scholar of the Republic of China, Jian Youwenya, a native of Xinhui, Guangdong, who was known for his research on the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and wrote the "Complete History of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" and "The History of the Revolutionary Movement of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom".
Occasionally reading the "Analects of analects" rhyme volume published by Shanghai Bookstore, shi tune slang, containing The Simple And Theory of Reading "Thick Black Studies", which was published in the Analects Semi-Monthly Magazine in 1947, No. 126.
Before the article, the author attached a small note, it turned out that After Jian Youwen read Li Zongwu's "Thick Black Studies" from the "Analects" periodical, he knew about Li Zongwu and his affairs, and read Li's suicide note, which was quite resonant, so he wrote oil poems to feel the sense of ambition, until the victory of the War of Resistance, After Jian Youwen returned to Guangzhou to resign, it happened that Shao Xunmei wrote a letter to the manuscript, so he sent it with the old work.
Ten oil poems, rich in content, he believes that "Thick Black Studies" is comparable to "The Appearance of officialdom", as if unveiling the official field like an eight treasure chest, can be described as the thirty-year history of the Republic of China, at first reading it does not think so, and then feel that it can not be easily ignored, and then what he has seen and heard comments on the ugly acts of drilling camps and promotions, and finally humorously self-deprecating "for the thick and not black".
The overall simplicity and conciseness of the language reflect the self-caution of historians or officials, which can be used for a lesson.
Tang Qianfeng
Li Zongwu's "Thick Black Studies" written during the Republic of China was a strange book that had a momentary influence, and when it was published, the invited preface was Mr. Tang Qianfeng (that is, Tang Difeng, mingxuan, also known as 倜風, zi tiefeng, Sichuan Yibinren, and there was "Mencius Dayi"), and his son Tang Junyi later became a famous philosopher.
In the preface, Tang Qianfeng believes that Li Zongwu's book has the meaning of Oriental Shuo and Mozi, the language is witty, the meaning is painful, and the great treachery and deception of the ages are gathered together to condemn it, and when they read this book to deal with the affairs of the world, they will not be fooled, and the hearts of the people can also treat each other sincerely, thus benefiting the hearts of the world, which is to affirm the social practical significance of the Thick Black Doctrine from a positive point of view.
Tang Junyi later mentioned Tang Qianfeng's interaction with Li Zongwu in the article "The Republishment of Mengzi Dafu and the Account of the First Great Father" ("Biography of Sichuan Characters of the Republic of China [Continued]"), arguing that "Mr. Li stood up to himself and held on to himself, and Su Gangjian did not pull out; And cynicism, can not help themselves; Instead, he wrote in witty cynicisms from books. His book of Thick Black Studies was first published in the National Gazette. His books say that the ancient and modern politicians are mostly not out of thick faces and dark hearts, but study history to prove it. The book is out of the world. My Father alone knows its meaning, and more so, its intention is to be satirical."
Because Tang Qianfeng and Li Zongwu were close friends, they knew their hearts and made a preface, which was intended to "take irony as advice", thus adding that it can be seen that Tang Qianfeng admired the reason for this book.
Xie Shouqing
When Li Zongwu's "Thick Black Studies" was officially published, he invited two good friends Tang Qianfeng and Xie Shouqing to write a preface and a poem respectively, of which the author of the poem, Xie Shouqing, saw that there were fewer materials, and later from Li Shifeng's appendix article "About Mr. Li Zongwu", Li Zongwu's posthumous book "Xie Shouqing's Strategy" can be understood.
Xie Shouqing was a native of Zhongjiang, Sichuan, and at the late Qing Dynasty, he was in the same class as Li Zongwu, and successively served as a teacher in Fushun, Xufu, Zhongba, Suining, Chengdu County, Lianli, and Provincial Schools.
In the Sayings, Xie Believes that "Thick Black Science itself has nothing good and no evil, like a double-sided blade", used to do good things to become a good person, used to do evil things to become an evil person, of course, the world can do good deeds is not many, and what kind of good deeds can also be evaluated and considered, it believes that thick black is like a double-sided blade, just like the Wind and Moon Treasure Book has positive and negative effects, and can reveal this Tao as a knowledgeable person.
Zhang Peijue
The Thick Black Sect Leader Li Zongwu had several friends in his life, such as Lei Tiewei and Lei Minxin, who studied at the academy in his early years, Zhang Liewu, Xie Shouqing, and Tang Qianfeng, who were friends of the Middle-Aged League, and Zhang Mosheng in his later years.
These characters mostly appear in thick black cong dialects and thick black essays, among which Zhang Liewu is Zhang Peijue, a pioneer of the modern Sichuan revolution and once served as the governor of the Shu military government.
Zhang Peijue wrote to Li Zongwu in 1913, which was later published in the Second Issue of Shujian Magazine in 1946, and was also included in the Collection of Zhang Peijue published by Chongqing Publishing House in October 2011.
In the letter, Zhang Peijue reviewed the situation of his old friends, expressed concern, and said that he had recently described the recent situation of "reading books in silence and drinking when he was bored", and that the people who were worried about the past loved me, so why should I teach it? It expresses the feelings of concern and encouragement between friends.
Very little has been seen about Li Zongwu's exchanges with other figures, and this letter is of some reference value for understanding Li Zongwu's early interactions.
Wu Yu
Recently read the "Wu Yu Diary", which is known as the "Scavenger", and only hit the Confucius family shop, I saw several diaries involving Li Zongwu, which can be used as an anecdote.
On July 6, 1917, the Diary of Ai Zhi Bingchen recorded that Wu Yu visited Song Liquan, Hu Shaoduan, and Liao Xuchu in Wenmiao Street. Li Zongwu, Lai Jianhou, at this time Li Zongwu was in Rong, so Wu Yu came to the meeting.
There are two articles in the Yiyintang Diary that deal with Li Zongwu, one is that on April 12, 1926, wu Yu visited Li Zongwu in the Xi'an Daily, and the two talked for a while, and the "Xu" mentioned was Xu Jiong.
On the twenty-sixth day of the 26th month of that year, Wu Yu also read the "On Balance and Effectiveness" and believed that the mechanical view of Li Zongwu's "Psychology and Mechanics" could be compared with the view of the "Effectiveness Chapter".
The three reflect the fragments of Li Zongwu in Wu Yu's communication vision, especially in the promotion of Li Zongwu's view of mechanics.
Cold Lord
I originally had a collection of Ben Hanjue's "New Biography of Ru Lin", written by Han Daocheng, a native of Yanshan County, Hebei Province, pen name Han Jue, and an essayist. See also the appendix of the book "Li Zongwu and HouheiXue" signed han yao (han jue) article, which is sorted out from nowhere, and the content is quite easy to read, which helps to understand the origin and core ideas of Li Zongwu's thick black theory.
Han Jue said that he had wanted to know more about Li Zongwu's deeds for a long time, and later Liu Xinhuang found Zhang Mosheng's "Biography of the Thick Black Sect" and passed it on to him, and from this book, Han Jue analyzed Li's doctrine.
He believes that Li Zongwu is a very independent thinker, similar to a figure like Dongfang Shuo, so in a society that is confined to morality and material desires, Li Zongwu will feel lonely, born of loneliness and arrogance, pretending to curse the world, and indignantly writing.
It was precisely because Li Zongwu had participated in the Alliance Meeting and then observed and summarized the Republic of China's Sichuan, which was divided by warlords at that time, that he came up with a thick black truth, and in Li Zongwu's view, "there is a real revolution in the world."
Then Han Jue affirmed Li Zongwu's arrogant attitude and believed that it was not irrational. Li Shi said: Before saying the next pen, he will carefully consider it, and if there is an attack after saying it, it will be corrected if it makes people's hearts break, and what he has written is a human word, and the ghost sees it as a ghost, reflecting the spirit of the wind and bones, and the spirit of the speech with lonely anger and anger.
Finally, "Discussion of Social Problems" is used to argue Li Zongwu's view of independent thought, holding that if the nation wants independence, the ideology should be more independent, which can be regarded as Li Zongwu's central idea.
Han Jue's background of the times and Li Zongwu's personal experience through Houheixue, and then realized that the important viewpoint of Li Zongwu's independent thought is that it is the situation that produces the characters, which is quite consistent with Han Jue's own writing style and creative thought, and the whole is a more insightful li Zongwu's commentary.
Zhang hates water
I remember that around 2009, when reading in the new library of the National Library of China, I accidentally turned to a book "Zhang Hate Water on and On the Ancient and Modern Talk", read it by hand, and saw a "Mr. Li Zongwu from the Self" from the catalog, and Fang knew that the famous novelist Zhang Hexhui also had a fate with Li Zongwu.
Whether the two know each other is not a cluster test, the text Zhang hates Shuiyan After Li Zongwu's death, he has long wanted to say a few words for him, after a period of time or did not see the relevant articles, so can not help but say two sentences, it can be seen that Zhang Hate Shui has a kind of acquaintance and hatred for Li Zongwu, and personal feelings of mourning in Wen.
In the text, Zhang Hates Shui affirms that Li Zongwu is a wild trickle today, and his thick black doctrine is exactly the theory of Jia Sheng's excessive breath and hatred, or he thinks that it is not the same, but the social situation in recent years has proved that Li Zongwu's view is correct, which can be described as "old and mitu".
However, the depression behind Li Zongwu shows that Li Zongwu's actual face is thin and white, completely on the opposite side of thick black, so Zhang Hateshui believes that in the city beggar world at that time, "the axe cannot be broken, but hurts himself", and he regrets and sighs at Li Zongwu's life experience.
Li Shifeng
The earliest publication of Li Zongwu's biography is the famous scholar and Zhuangzi research expert Zhang Mosheng's "The Biography of the Thick Black Sect", the second collection of his "Biography of Different Lines", published by the Oriental Book Society in 1947, which comprehensively shows Li Zongwu's legendary life and ideological system. Later, Wang Lei and Xi Xin co-authored "The Legend of Li Zongwu, the Leader of the Thick Black Sect", published by the Heilongjiang People's Publishing House in 1998, which analyzed Li Zongwu's life according to stages and sorted out and reflected the development and changes of Li Zongwu's thinking. In recent years, Chen Yuan has written "The Neglected Master: A New Biography of Li Zongwu", published by the China Archives Publishing House in 2006, with the cover subtitle "The First Person in the History of Folk Thought", which affirms the value of Li Zongwu's thought from the perspective of modern Chinese intellectual history, and there is also Li Shifeng's "About Mr. Li Zongwu" completed in 1949 but not known to many people.
Li Shifeng (1916-1984), a native of Zigong, Sichuan, was a famous modern essayist who studied in Beiping (now Beijing) in his early years, joined the anti-Japanese movement after the July 7 Incident, and joined the All-China Literary and Art Circles Anti-Japanese Resistance Association, compiling four volumes of "Broken Wind Building Miscellaneous Writings". This biography of Li Zongwu was compiled as "Broken Wind Building Wen Cong V", and reading this book a few years ago allowed me to understand many precious anecdotes about Li Zongwu.
There are three blank pages in front of the book, marked as photos and inkblots, there are "Mr. Li Zongwu single photo", "Mr. Li Zongwu and the author of the group photo", "Mr. Li Zongwu left a frame of ink", unfortunately these materials in the author's photo of the copy book has not existed, if you can find the real situation of Li Zongwu's portrait will play a key role.
The book is mainly divided into special chapters, and the table of contents includes fourteen parts: home, such a thing, local people, character, inner grief, "thick black studies", official fortunes, books, studies, "psychology and mechanics" and others, wine, two stories, the mystery of love, illness and death. At the end of the article, there are four posthumous works by Li Shi (Liao Xu Chu Biography, Wang Jianheng Shiluo, Xie Shouqing Shiluo, Yang Zepu Shiluo), and finally excerpts from Li Zongwu's "Psychology and Mechanics" and "Trends in Chinese Scholarship".
The preface explains that the origin of the compilation is a commemorative reason, which has been collected in newspapers, mostly fragments of words, and has not been written into a volume, and the text definitely points out that Li Zongwu's "sex for me" can constitute the six words of "speech", that is, "(1) sexual goodness." (2) Sexual evil theory. (3) Sex is not good and nothing is good. (4) Sexual good and evil are mixed. (5) Sex has three products to say. (vi) Sex speaks for me. At the same time, referring to the thick black criticism of Shen Wu and others, he believes that he has no theoretical basis at all, but is just Mr. Daoxue's defensive behavior.
Finally, it is pointed out that this biography belongs to Li Shifeng's private memory, so that readers can further understand Li Zongwu, so that "here, it can be seen what kind of a person he is, developing in the shackles of old ideas, with an old man in his sixties, never forgetting the revolution, hoping for progress and transformation of the country, society, and everyone, so that the "Chinese country" will indeed become a country where people "people" will truly realize freedom and democracy. ”
Yu Blood Wheel
On the recommendation of Mr. Ba Jiao, a scholar of Zigong literature and history, the famous newspaperman of the Republic of China, Yu Blood Wheel, included three articles on Li Zongwu's thick black studies and commentaries in the collection of essays on the Famous Blood Wheel of the Republic of China, "Miscellaneous Records of Qiqing Lou - Memories of the Republic of China", which were widely circulated.
In the text "Li Zongwu's Thick Black Study", Yu Blood Wheel evaluates Li's doctrine as "strange and strange, and there is no difference in the world", and those who read it "all applaud and appreciate it, and relish it", and then briefly describe the exquisite part of HouheiXue, holding that the "Six-Character Truth of Seeking Officials", "The Six-Character Truth of Being an Official", and "The Magic Method of Doing Things" are all the ugly state of the officialdom in the past, and they are "the wonderful books that explore the subtleties", which shows that the evaluation is very high, and it is worthy of the strange books.
The second article, "Li Zongwu's Philosophy of Fear of His Wife", reveals the origin of Li Zongwu's writing, because China's Lun is often becoming more and more obedient, and the social people are still with "good goods and wealth, private wives", resulting in the loss of culture's center of gravity, so Yu Blood Wheel affirms the twelve chapters of the "Fear of the Classic" summarized by Li Zongwu, believing that the fun is timeless and in view of the world.
In the end, he wrote "Li Zongwu's Vigor" to record several anecdotes about Li Zongwu, such as not serving as the supervisor of Chongqing Guan, because of his fat deficiency and fear of innocence, there are two interesting poems circulating, namely: "Mr. Houhei has many skills, even if the koshi rolls downhill." If you beg, you will beat the lotus flower, and I will sing the mountain song when I herd the cattle"; "The wind is blowing and rolling up the slope, packing up the luggage and returning to the old nest, and the Ander warrior is guarding the sand pot", which shows where Li Zongwu is vigorous. In addition, Li Zongwu advocated the graduation examination of the Syrian Federation Middle School, and was beaten up by the students, Li Yan did not die, but continued to take the examination, which shows that he is still angry, and from the truth, it can be seen that Li Zongwu is sincere and is by no means a thick black person.
Xu Dafeng
Xu Dafeng was a cultural figure in the Republic of China, and wrote "Zhen and Obscenity" (a "Study of Chastity") and "Radical Yang Qing Collection" (also known as "Zhen Degeneracy Grand View"). In the 11th issue of Kaleidoscope, Xu Published an article entitled "Li Zongwu's Thick Black Studies", which introduced the fate of Thick Black Studies in the Republic of China Era from his thinking perspective.
At first, Li Zongwu published "Thick Black Studies" in Chengdu's "Gongyan Daily", and there were very few people who knew about it, and not many people felt interesting and praised it.
Later, Li Zongwu submitted "Thick Black Studies" to the "Analects" journal edited by Dr. Lin Yutang, which was appreciated and solemnly recommended by Lin Yutang, so in the era of "Analects", "Thick Black Studies" was a small limelight.
By the time of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Houhei was handed over to Hongyun, and Li Zongwu's article was actually greatly appreciated after it was published in Chongqing newspapers, and at that time, almost regarded "HouheiXue" and "Theory of Resistance" as equally important, and the sales volume was very high.
The twists and turns of Houheixue reflect the change in the perspective of Li's doctrine written in the Republic of China, which makes people lament the specific significance embodied in Li Zongwu's dedication to promoting his ideological doctrine.
Lu Danlin
Recently, I read a review article by Lu Danlin, a book critic of the Republic of China, on Li Zongwu's Houheixue, and his main attitude was affirmative, praising the greatness of the Houhei Sect's main doctrine.
Lu Danlin, a native of Sanshui, Guangdong, joined the famous poet group "Nanshe" and successively edited many newspapers and magazines, especially literary history and calligraphy and painting publications, and his article entitled "On Li Zongwu's Thick Black Studies" was published in Shengliu, Vol. 4, No. 7, 1946.
This article first commented in 16 words, and the overall evaluation of the greatness of Thick Black Studies lies in "the very original, the people of Li Min, picking the adultery and the ambush, and pleasing the hearts of the people."
Lu Believes that "Thick Black Studies" has and intends to do in people's minds, only Li Zongwu is revealed like Wen Zhao burning rhinoceros and Dayu Casting Ding, so as to pierce the false mask and make the hypocrites invisible, and its contribution can be compared to the significance of the discovery of the Grelia telescope and the Li Wenhou microscope, which shows that the author attaches great importance to the function of thick black studies to examine people's hearts.
It is a lot to follow the thick black scholars, in fact, the thick black science is also the sharpest awl to poke the diorama, and through the thick black can know the true situation of the unsuccessful people with intentions.
Bian Qixue
In modern periodicals, there are about 20 articles commenting on Li Zongwu's thought and doctrine, and there are different views, from which we can have a preliminary understanding of the commentary of Houheixue in the Republic of China era.
Among them, there is a "Reverse of Thick Black Studies", the author Bian Qixue, published in "Family" in 1948, Vol. 15, No. 7, his life is unknown, he participated in the editing of "Happy Family", published "It is the September Day of the Sunset in Jiangnan", "Spring Is There", "Dreamy New Year" and other articles, should be active in the cultural journal circles.
In the text, he highly affirmed Houheixue as the greatest achievement in the writings of the rear during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, because this book revealed a number of truths, had a novel sense of historical perspective, and believed that if Li Zongwu was born in jin yuan, he could still get rich.
Because of the humor of the thick black science body, it has both, so it has been ridiculed by some people, which is the manifestation of failing to deeply understand the thick black science, the thick black science is actually like the treasure of the wind and the moon, the front is ugly, the reverse side is bright and full of imagination, the author from this point, the light side of the thick black science: not thick and black, the world is the same.
In the end, the author was still suspicious and ridiculed by the Lee doctrine, and suggested that Lin Yutang translate it into a foreign language and spread it, in fact, at present, Houhei has European, American, Japanese and other translations, which can also be regarded as a book to the world.
Conclusion
On the whole, Li Zongwu's evaluation materials involve monographs, book reviews, miscellaneous notes, reviews, prefaces, letters, diaries, cartoons, etc., or hold a positive attitude, or hold a critical point of view, the participants are mostly well-known cultural figures, at the same time, there are nearly 20 journals from different angles to carry articles commenting on the "thick black phenomenon", and there are "Analects", "Cosmic Wind" and other influential publications serializing Li Zongwu's works, but on the whole, Li Zongwu's works have not received the attention of mainstream scholars or the media, and they mainly have a certain ideological "impetus" in the cultural circles at that time. The role of the people's speech influences.
(First draft 2015, supplemented in 2017)
Note: It was published in the 2nd issue of Sichuan Hakka Newsletter in 2018, entitled "Modern Scholars' Comments on the Outline of Hakka Scholar Li Zongwu".
Some books and shadows of the works of Li Zongwu, the leader of the Houhei Sect (arranged by Zhong Zi of shuren)
Houhei Sect Leader Li Zongwu Research Works Book Shadow (Shuren Zhong Zi Collation)
[Wentu 丨 Mr. Zhong Zi, self-proclaimed Puxi Sanren, the author's original name is Zhong Yongxin. He is a member of the editorial board of the Lili Sinology Network and the editor-in-chief of the Humanities Channel. 】