The Xibe people were originally a nomadic ethnic group in the Hulunbuir region of northeast China, which made a living from hunting and fishing. Later, the Xibe were incorporated into the flag by the Manchus according to the Eight Flags system and became part of the Eight Banners of Manchuria.
In the middle of the 18th century, after the Qing government quelled the Dzungar rebellion, in 1762, it set up president Ili and other generals to rule the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. At that time, Xinjiang was sparsely populated, the land in the Ili region was barren, and the border defense was empty. In order to find out the situation, the first Ili general Mingrui went to Tarbahatai and other places to conduct on-the-spot investigations on tuntian, city building, setting up Karen, garrisons, and other issues, and went to the imperial court to suggest that a city be built in Tarbahatai and garrisoned troops be dispatched. According to the Manchu Transcript of the Military Aircraft Department, when talking about the source of the garrison soldiers, Mingrui believes that soldiers must not only have better rifle and marksmanship, but also master horseback skills. "There are 16,700 garrisons in Shengjing, of which there are 4,000 or 5,000 Xibo soldiers, and Yi and others have not abandoned their old habits, hunt for a living, and their skills are acceptable", and requested that "in this Xibo soldier, choose their good ones and send them together" to enrich the border defense.
In view of the specific situation in the Ili region played by Mingrui, the Qing government decided to "send the garrison troops, that is, to send elite soldiers to garrison the Manchurian, Solun, and Chahar soldiers who were stationed with their dependents", and "from within the Shengjing Xibo army, select a thousand of their elite and able pastors, send officials at their discretion, and send them with their dependents." After receiving the edict, the Shengjing general Shetuken "selected a thousand people who had nothing to worry about in their families, who were young and strong, who were skilled in horseback skills, and who were good at hunting, and ten members of the defense and ten members of the riding school" among the officials, and went to Ili together with their families. On the occasion of the departure of Qianlong in April of the 29th year (1764), at the Taiping Temple of the Xibe Family Temple in Shenyang, people slaughtered animals and sacrificed, burned incense and prayed, and traveled for their relatives who had migrated west.
Tears spilled over from their homeland, and they bid farewell to their fellow villagers, and the officers and men of the Xibe ethnic group and their families rode on horseback, drove ox carts and camel caravans, packed their bags, and embarked on a long road to the west. Along the way, they braved the sweltering heat and cold, crossed thousands of mountains, waded through thousands of waters, ate and slept in the wind, and were exhausted. During this period, there were several grain cuts, relying on wild vegetables to feed their stomachs. Today, the Xibe people pick a wild vegetable called "Uzumur" every spring to commemorate the experience of feeding the hungry with wild vegetables on the way to the west. After all kinds of difficulties and dangers, the westward migration team arrived in the area of Ilihuo City in July of the 30th year of Qianlong (1765). The Qianlong Emperor originally gave a 3-year marching period, but the Xibe soldiers and civilians only took 1 year and 3 months.
After settling down in Ili, the xibe soldiers and civilians who moved west to form the Xibe battalion, which is an organization that integrates military, administrative and production functions. After settling on the south bank of the Ili River, the Xibe compatriots reclaimed the wasteland with their own hands and built their second hometown on the uninhabited wasteland. In the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), under the leadership of the general manager Tubert, after six years of hard work, the Xibe compatriots excavated a 200-mile-long Char Chabu Canal. In the 1870s, the Xibe compatriots dug the Harbohu Canal in Borta and the Abdella Canal in Tarbahatai, so that the originally barren land in this area was flooded with water and reclaimed in large quantities. The local Kazakh and Mongolian compatriots also learned a lot of agricultural production techniques.
At the same time as repairing the canal tun tian, the Xibe compatriots guarded the northwest border together with the Mongolian compatriots and Daur compatriots stationed in the local area. In the 1820s, British colonialists instructed their lackey Zhang Ge to sedit a rebellion in southern Xinjiang. The 800 athletes of the Xibe battalion, led by the commander-in-chief Ergulun, attacked Zhang Ge. In the winter of 1828, the Xibe compatriots captured Zhang Geer on the Khal Tiegai Mountain. In the 1860s, together with Zuo Zongtang and others, the Xibe compatriots waged a heroic struggle against Agubai, who invaded Xinjiang, and made contributions to defending the reunification of the motherland and played an important role in stabilizing the frontier.
In the big family of the Chinese nation, there are not only xibe tribes. In the Pamir Plateau, Tajik compatriots patrol the border of the motherland, and they are Pamir eagles on the border of the country; in the snowy frontier, compatriots of all ethnic groups represented by the Sisters of Zhuoga and Yangzong take root like Kelsang flowers, and become the guardians of the sacred land and the builders of a happy homeland... Compatriots of all nationalities have worked hard to develop and protect the splendid rivers and mountains of the motherland. In September 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the National Ethnic Unity and Progress Commendation Conference: "Our vast territory is jointly pioneered by all ethnic groups, our long history is jointly written by all ethnic groups, our splendid culture is jointly created by all ethnic groups, and our great spirit is jointly cultivated by all ethnic groups." The pluralism and unity of the Chinese nation is a rich heritage left to us by our ancestors, and it is also a huge advantage in the development of our country. ”
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