A panoramic view of the Xibo Family Temple
Shenyang Taiping Temple, commonly known as the Xibe Family Temple, is located at No. 2, Lane 178 Huangsi Road, Heping District, Shenyang, and is a lama temple funded by the Xibe people. It was built in 1707 (the forty-sixth year of Kangxi), expanded in 1752 (the seventeenth year of Qianlong), and then re-expanded by the forty-first year of Qianlong, the eighth year of Jiaqing, and the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu, and the temple was perfected day by day. In March 2003, it was listed as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit, and in May 2006, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Taiping Temple sits north and faces south, with a rigorous layout and majestic grandeur. The original land area is 1. 80,000 square meters. The building area is 958 square meters. The architectural style is in the form of a lama temple. The main buildings are the mountain gate, front, middle and rear three halls, east and west side halls, etc., the hall is sculpted with the three Buddhas, Tsongkhapa Buddha, the five protector gods, the four heavenly kings and other gods, the temple fell into disrepair, before the liberation has been seriously damaged, most of the buildings were demolished, built on the spot factory. There are only three remaining naves, which are of the hard mountain front porch style, with gray tile roofs, sandalwood imitation paintings, and the columns are vermilion battles.
The Xibe people moved west to the side of the group of eagles
The temple originally had two stone tablets, one in Chinese and one in Manchu. Its Manchu stele was discovered in 1959, which was broken at that time, and was restored and sent to the Imperial Palace in Shenyang for preservation. The stone stele is listed as a national first-class cultural relic and is collected in the Palace Museum in Shenyang. The stele, which describes the early activity area and migration of the Xibe people and the establishment of the Taiping Temple, is an important historical relic preserved by the Xibe people, which has been copied and erected in front of the temple. In addition, the wooden plaque of "Xibe Family Temple" has been preserved, which is 270 cm long, 97 cm wide and 40 cm thick, and is now in the Forbidden City of Shenyang.
Shenyang Xibe Family Temple Manchu Stele
In the eighth year of Jiaqing, The leader Hua Shabu carved two stone tablets on the east and west sides in front of the main hall. The inscription not only records the establishment, expansion and repair of the Xibe family temple, but also records the migration of the Xibe to Shengjing, preserving the history of the Xibe for more than three hundred years. These two stone tablets, one of which is still in Manchu, are in the collection of the Palace Museum in Shenyang. Taiping Temple is full of stone stele, the whole stele is made of light black stone, the stele body is vertical rectangular, the upper square is slightly wider, the lower part is a Sumiya-style base, carved with lotus petals, and the middle is engraved with floral ornaments. This inscription was built in the eighth year of Qing Jiaqing (1803), and on both sides of the stele are engraved the four characters of Yin and Manchu characters, which are translated into Chinese as "Eternal Transmission of Ten Thousand Generations". The stele is engraved with small characters in Manchu with 5 lines and 24 characters, which is translated into Chinese as "Jiaqing 8th July 16 Gongli, Raiding Lord Lingzhu Lin Tai, Temple Zhu Huashan Bao, Ling Zhi Adanlin, Ming Bao", and the stele yin carved small characters Manchu 12 lines 220 words, remnants 16 characters. The stele is surrounded by carved patterns. The monument is 144 cm high, 57.5 cm wide and 20 cm thick. It can be seen that the stone stele was erected on the sixteenth day of the seventh month of the seventh lunar calendar in the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803) of the Qing Dynasty, which is 218 years old.
The stele is inscribed with 13 lines of Manchu, a total of 220 words, and 16 characters have been damaged. Its translation reads:
Summarizing the spirits of the three Buddhas, expounding the teachings of the three teachings, and promoting the Buddhadharma of Shakya. The Xibe tribe, which has a clear history and has been passed down from generation to generation, originally lived around the Zagathara River Valley southeast of Hailar, and was later organized into seventy-four leaders in Qiqihar, Morgen, AndBerduna, and lived for more than 40 years.
In the thirty-sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Emperor Shengzuren of the Hermitage divided the Xibe clan into three parts, and in the thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh, and thirty-eighth years of the Kangxi Dynasty, they moved to Shengjing and served in the provinces.
In the forty-sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the Xibebu people gathered sixty-two silver, bought five houses, and established it as the Taiping Temple. The 108 volumes of the Kangyur Sutra have been invited by the Kyoshin to recite the Buddhist sutras for the four seasons of the year. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong, he assisted The Xibe people such as Badai, Zoling Ideb, and Afuxi to work together to build three main halls, three two side halls, and three main entrances, in honor of the Buddha of the Third Dynasty.
Forty-one years later, the Sibe tribes of Lobsang, Lasi, Tegusu, and Chodi rebuilt the monastery and erected Tsongkhapa Buddha. The Bathing Sutra is recited throughout the year and throughout the ages.
Jiaqing 8th year of July 16 Pear Tree Ditch Side Gate Zhang Jingjia first level record twenty-one times HuaShaBu Gongli.
The temple is dedicated to Master Tsongkhapa
Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) was the founder of the Gelug school (Yellow Sect) of Tibetan Buddhism and a Buddhist theorist
The temple is dedicated to the white god of wealth
The White God of Wealth, also known as the White Treasure King, is the compassionate incarnation of Avalokiteshvara. One of the protectors of the Tibetan tantra god of wealth, the Tibetan language praises Bluqarbu, meaning white god of wealth.
The Xibe are an ancient people in the north of our country, capable of fighting good wars. Most of the early Xibe people lived in Hailar. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, in order to prevent the Xibe rebellion, Huang Taiji gradually dispatched the Xibe people who lived together to garrison various places. During the Kangxi Dynasty, in order to strengthen the needs of defense, the imperial court moved Xibo Bingding and nearly 8,000 people from their families into Shengjing in three batches. Since then, the Xibe people in Shengjing have risen more and more every year. Most of the Xibes believe in Lamaism, but Shengjing does not have a fixed place for them to do Buddhist deeds. In the forty-sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the Xibe people of Shengjing raised 60 taels of silver, bought five houses near the Imperial Temple, found craftsmen to shape Buddha statues, and invited 108 copies of the Kangyur Sutra (Great Tibetan Sutra) from the Beijing Division (Beijing) to establish the Xibo Family Temple.
Because the Xibe people revere Guan Gong, the family temple also specially offers a statue of Guan Gong, and on the tenth birthday of Guan Gong in the first month of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, and on the day of the may 13th Guan Gong single knife to the meeting, Guan Gong was sacrificed twice. In this way, every year the Xibe Family Temple in the Lunar New Year, the Beginning of April Eight Buddhas Birthday Festival and the two festival days of Guan Gong are the temple doors are wide open, there are grand temple fairs, taiping temple for a time became one of the most prosperous resorts of incense in Shengjing.
A replica of the Xibe family temple plaque
In the middle of the main hall of the Taiping Temple, a wooden plaque was hung on one side, on which four gilded characters read "Xibe Family Temple". It is now in the Palace Museum in Shenyang. This plaque also has a magical legend.
During the Xianfeng period, the Xibe clan leader Se puzheng, who was stationed in Shengjing City, was sent to Tianjin to fight the invading French army. Before leaving, he and hundreds of officers and soldiers came to the Xibo Family Temple to worship the gods and ancestors and bless the great victory of the master. Early one morning, the fog filled the air. When Theps returned from the sentry, suddenly the guns on the opposite side of the Tushan Pass were full of gunfire, and the shouts were tremendous, and the French army began to attack in the fog. Sepp immediately led the crowd to meet the enemy, and at this moment, the beads on his chest crackled and scattered on the ground. He thought it was an ominous sign and immediately ordered the advance to stop and hold his ground. Then he jumped off his mount and looked for the scattered beads to re-string and put them on, at this time the sky was clear and foggy.
The French army saw that the Qing soldiers refused to attack, and the sky was clear again, so they had to drive the ambush troops at the mountain pass to attack. It dawned on Seb's forehead that the French army wanted to use the fog to lure the Qing soldiers into the trap. The French plan was revealed, and the officers and men of the Xibe battalion were full of morale and repelled the enemy in one breath. After the banshi returned to Shengjing, in gratitude for the blessings of the gods and Buddhas and ancestors, Sepu and several of the warriors who participated in the battle paid homage to this plaque. Since then, the incense of the Xibo family temple has become more vigorous.
In the 29th year of Qianlong (1764), in order to strengthen the border defense force of Ili in Xinjiang, the imperial court dispatched 1,016 Xibe officers and soldiers to the border of Ili. On the 18th day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar that year, more than 1,000 Shubian soldiers, their families and villagers gathered at the Shengjing Taiping Temple to kill sheep and sacrifice ancestors and gods, and pray for peace along the way. Since then, the Xibe compatriots have taken the 18th day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar as the "Westward Migration Festival", and every year on this day, they organize celebrations.
Tibe national hero - Tibetan bronze statue
In 1984, the Shenyang Municipal People's Government funded the restoration of the Taiping Temple, restored the nave, and announced it as a municipal cultural relics protection unit in 1985. In 2003, the district government integrated the transformation of the Beishi area, transformed and restored the overall environment of the Xibe family temple, and declared it as a provincial cultural relics protection unit. In 2006, it was established by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. On June 7, 2012, the Xibo Family Temple, which cost more than 5 million yuan and took two years to renovate and renovate, was officially opened to the public, and an exhibition of Xibe culture was also held in the temple.
The following is part of the exhibition of Xibe culture.
Marriage customs. That kang cabinet, northerners must be very familiar
One of the four monsters of the Northeast hanging up the child - yo-che (cradle)
Sheeley Mama
Xili's mother is a silk rope that is more than two inches long, called rope, tied with small bows and arrows, small boots and shoes, quiver bags, cradles, copper coins, cloth strips, Galaha (the back bone of pigs and sheep), wooden shovels, wooden forks and other things. Among them, Galaha (borrowed from the "back" sound) indicates the number of generations, that is, adding a generation, adding a Galaha; the small bow and arrow indicates a boy, adding a boy, and adding a small bow and arrow between the two Galaha; the cloth strip indicates a girl, and there are several girls in this generation, there are several pieces of cloth; cradles, small boots and shoes indicate that the children and grandchildren are full; quivers indicate that the boy grows up to become a riding archer; copper money indicates a rich life; wooden shovels, wooden forks, etc. indicate agricultural harvest. "Xili", Xibe means continuation; "mother", Niangniang God, means that with the blessing of the goddess Niangniang, the children and grandchildren can continue to multiply, so in history, the Xibe family worships "Xili Mother". From the perspective of faith, "Xili Mama" is the worship of the Xibe people for the matrilineal ancestors of the ancient period, the soul of the Xibe nation, and the link between the national spirit; from the perspective of genealogy, she is the genealogy of the knotted rope chronicle, with distinct Xibe characteristics; from the perspective of philology, she is the world's ancient example of knotted rope chronicle.
Graphic | Chen Xin