(Wang Qingming) In 497 BC, in order to avoid the mutual incrimination of the Jin state secretaries, Zhao Jianzi took a unique path, from Handan over the Taihang Mountains directly to the northern end of the Jinzhong Basin to build an easy to defend and difficult to attack Jinyang City, not only jumped out of the political siege of the traditional surnames of the Jin State such as Zhi, Han, and Wei, but also expanded the field of vision to the north by a thousand miles based on Jinyang City. There are endless blue skies and white clouds and green grasslands, as well as high-quality warhorses that are handsome and extremely aggressive in the long sky.
The construction of Jinyang City not only has a simple military significance, but more importantly, the geographical discovery in the strategic context, getting rid of the Central Plains game pattern around the Salt Lake of Hedong for resources, taking the sword to the side of the road and taking the wild, successfully avoiding the Qiuyu Ancient Kingdom at the top of taihang and the ghost tribe of the Lüliang Mountains, relying on the Fenhe River Valley to run towards the grassland with ease.
Jinyang, now Taiyuan. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, it was still a wilderness, "Thin cutting and foxing, as for the Great Plains", this poem in the Book of Poetry clarified the geographical location of Taiyuan at that time, but the border area of the Central Plains did not have military and strategic significance. However, Zhao Jianzi built a city here, directly extending the sphere of influence of the Central Plains by nearly doubling, expanding the sphere of influence of the Central Plains peoples, like a sharp steel knife cutting off the east-west exchanges between the grassland tribes, cutting off the retreat routes of the Chidi and Baidi tribes entrenched on both sides of the Fenhe River, forcing them to look west for a place to survive, or to carry out assimilation or alienation struggles with the Central Plains peoples on both sides of the Fenhe River.
One of the tribes was The Lou Fu, who lived with Lin Hu in the vast grassland west of what is now Ordos, and in extremely bad weather, occasionally went deep into the densely forested mountains on the west bank of the Fenhe River, and they maintained the most primitive barter trade with the Central Plains peoples to maintain basic living needs. Because in their beliefs, although they are from the Hu customs, there are still the bloodline causes of the Huaxia people in their bones.
The so-called "no wood, no building, no water, no source". The co-lord of the Lou Fu tribe was Lou Yunqu, the thirty-sixth grandson of Xia Qi. In order to continue the lineage order of the Xia Dynasty, he found Lou Yunqu in Jiangdong, thousands of miles away from the capital of the former Shang Dynasty (present-day Shangqiu, Henan), and made him the Duke of Dong lou and the fief of Lingqi, and established a feudal state, that is, the small country that was worried about the heavens, as small as Sima Qian's "History" with only 27 crosses to bring the 1,500-year-old State of Qi, and even the Shang Tianzi would forget the existence of this country: during the Shang Dynasty, or sealed or extinct, Tianzi forgot to seal the new monarch to maintain the legitimacy of the State of Qi.
Ruins of the ancient city of Lou Fu
Worrying about the sky is not empty. In the whirlpool of the Central Plains War, which was coveted by various countries and fought against each other, the Qiguo people were always ready to flee, and they were always on the run, and even in the late Spring and Autumn Period, when Zhao Jianzi built jinyang City, the whole country fled to the state of Yi (present-day Xintai County, Shandong) and became part of Dongyi.
It is precisely because of this escape route, in the exchange of economy and war, they and The Northern Di met unexpectedly, and legend and reality began a great collision. In an era of extreme lack of writing, and even the confusion of the rules of surname inheritance, the only evidence of the same origin is the etiquette.
The Qiguo people preserved the original appearance of xia li. Zi Yue: "I want to see the Summer Dao, it is the reason, and the lack of signs, I have to "Summer Time" Yan." Lou, on the other hand, regarded himself as a descendant of Dayu, and was recognized by Zhou Tianzi at the latest in the first Zhou period. Shanxi's famous local chronicle book "Jin Chengpu Strategy" emphasizes that the King of Zhou drew a lou fuguo.
Some people have examined that the so-called Zhou King's drawing does not refer to the closeness in the geographical atlas, but faithfully records the Danqing when Zhou Tianzi met with the vassal state, and Lou Fu was received by Zhou Tianzi as a vassal state, representing political affirmation. Emotionally, Lou annoyingly maintains a high degree of admiration and respect for the myths and legends since Dayu, and it is reasonable to identify with duke Lou of the Qiguo As an ancestor. As a helpless life or military, far away from the Central Plains in Shuofang to find a living space is forced to helpless, but maintain spiritual self-consciousness: Lou Fu and Lin Hu zhubu, miscellaneous places in the north. Kao Zhi Gu Mu, Lou Fu has entered the Royal Society, not with Lin Hu as a class.
What makes Lou even more annoying and proud is that they have the viscount title of Zhou Tianzi, Lou Fuzi. Therefore, the existence of lou fu state is logical, after Zhao Jianzi Jinyang built the city, taking advantage of the opportunity of the three families to divide the Jin, constantly expanding the sphere of influence, and finally choosing a land with abundant water and grass as the capital of the country, and also continuing to gradually turn the political center from the bitter cold yanbei to the south, after a hundred years of exploration, finally set the capital Lou Fu City, that is, the ruins of Lou Fu City in Majiazhuang Township, Lou Fu County, Taiyuan City, which is now close to the capital of the Zhao State, Jinyang City.
At this point, with Huoquan as the starting point and under the siege of the Taiyue, Taihang, and Lüliang Mountains, there was a situation of confrontation and interlocking canine teeth in the land north of Central Jin, where there were multiple regimes in the zhao, daiguo, Lou, and Qiuyu states, which copied the situation of the princes in the Central Plains, and also became a vanguard combination of multi-ethnic integration in China, laying the foundation of the Han nation.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Lou was preserved as an ancient clan surname. The Lou clan originated from the Surname of Lou, because the existence of the Duke of Donglou, especially as the successor of the Xia culture ceremonial system, Qiguo and Lou Fu, made the Lou surname have unprecedented appeal in the Spring and Autumn period to the First Emperor, including the later surnames Yuanliu and Junwangtang, leaving a key root-seeking mark in the north and south of the great river. Even in view of Lou Fu's great fame, two hundred years after Lou Fu destroyed the country, the First Emperor Tianxia initially decided to set up Lou Fu County, and the Sui Emperor set up Lou Fu County after a thousand years.
The strength of the Zhao state is unparalleled, when Zhao Jianzi's sixth grandson Zhao Wuling King, lou fu guo has already existed in name, zhao wuling king not only used lou fu to improve the army and tactics with the help of lou fu guo's hu clothing, but also recruited lou fu people to enrich the army, and by the time of the Battle of Changping in the late Warring States period, half of the 400,000 Zhao troops who were killed by the pit were from Shuofang Lou Lou. In the long-term interaction with the Di people and Hu people, Lou Furen also developed a fierce personality and physique, and some people were unwilling to confront the Zhao state or be driven by the Zhao state, and returned to the north of the desert and began a centuries-long migration.
Ruins of Loulan Ancient City
After a long journey of two or three hundred years, this part of the lou people who fled finally settled next to the beautiful Peacock River in the depths of the desert, which is no different from the Mongolian steppe, with blue skies and clear waters, rich grasses and trees, and far from the raids and slaves of the Xiongnu and other ethnic groups. They passed on their clan names by word of mouth and lived a half-farming, half-pastoral life.
The reason why these fleeing Lou people chose to go west rather than east was, on the one hand, according to the popular method of leading the way at that time, just like the Lou clan migrated in Hongdong and Lingchuan, Shanxi, or Chengde, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, with a mysterious and natural choice of metaphysics; on the other hand, it was also a more important reason that King Wuling of Zhao built china's earliest Mobei Great Wall to resist Donghu in Shuobei Zhengfang, "King Wuling of Zhao became vulgar, Hu fu, learned to ride and shoot, broke through Lin Hu and Lou Fu in the north, built the Great Wall, from the generation and under the Yin Mountains, and the highest Que was stopped". The road to the east was completely blocked.
Lou by the Peacock River was even more annoying to know that when the Han Dynasty envoy Zhang Qian was captured and taken refuge here to marry and have children, Emperor Wu of Han was ordering huo Huo, who was only eighteen years old, to go to the Northern Expedition, and three years later his light cavalry army swept across the entire desert north to the Hanhai (present-day Lake Baikal), sealing the wolf Juxu, "The Xiongnu are far away, and there is no royal court in the south of the desert."
There was no living space on the grassland, and the remnants of the Xiongnu had no choice but to enter the hinterland of Lop Nur and directly rewrite the fate of the Lou Fu country by the Peacock River. When Emperor Zhang Qian fled in a hurry, his entourage of the Western Regions Tang Yi father said a place name in a long tongue with a scroll: Lou Lan.
In Sima Qian's "Records of History", it was said that Loulan Guyi had a city and a city, Linyanze. By the Book of Han, the location of Loulan and the folk customs of the time were more clear:
Go to Yangguan 1600 miles, go to Chang'an 6,100 miles. Five hundred and seventy households, four thousand one hundred mouths, and two thousand nine hundred and twelve victorious soldiers. Fu Guo Hou, Chu Hu Hou, Yan Shan Du Wei, The Strike Division Du Wei, left and right and canal, and the Strike Car Master Jun each had one person, and the translator was two. In the northwest, he went to the capital of The Protectorate (present-day Zhangye, Gansu) for 1,785 miles, to the mountain kingdom for 1,365 miles, and to the northwest to Cheshi (1,000 and 890 miles). Disha brine, less field, send field to the valley of the country. The country produces jade, many reeds, tamarind willows, hutong, white grass. The people follow the animal husbandry and chase the water and grass, there are donkeys and horses, many camels, can be soldiers, and the same as the qiang. (The Book of Han and the Tale of the Western Regions)
As one of the Thirty-Six Kingdoms of the Western Regions, under the double squeeze of the Xiongnu and the strong Han, Loulan lost its living space and eventually assimilated with the ethnic groups of the Western Regions, that is, the so-called "same as the Wuqiang". In the famous history book of the Southern Song Dynasty, "The History of the Road", the author wrote heartily: "Lou, Lou, Lou, Ben Zuo Lou, Shang Shou Feng, that is, Mu Lou, the land of Cao Dong, there is no Lou." The cities of the Secret Have Lou Township, Yi Yi Guoye, the so-called Fengqi and the East Building, Miao. The East Building is different from Jin Lou and Yong Lou. ”
The Thirty-Six Kingdoms of the Western Regions, the pattern of the Spring and Autumn Period in the Central Plains, and the reproduction of the story once occurred in the land of China. What is needed is not only the cruelty of the frost and snow on the battlefield, but also the courage and wisdom. Neither Zhang Qian nor Emperor Wu of Han, nor ancient and modern ethicists, believed that the "fourteen thousand and one hundred" people of the Loulan Congress would multiply and evolve better descendants, and the only thing that was to intermarry with the surrounding ethnic groups, including Zhang Qian, also became the beneficiary of this policy, as a prisoner of war, he was able to marry and have children here, and spent the most critical time node in life and The diplomacy of the Han Dynasty.
A series of major historical events that have occurred since then have shown that whoever owns Loulan will have the initiative in the Western Regions War. Li Bai's so-called "willing to put the sword down from the waist and cut down the Loulan", and Wang Changling shouted "Do not break the Loulan and will not return it in the end", which is the reason for this.
Of the thirty-six kingdoms in the vast Western Regions, only the ruler of Loulan was the Lou people. The author of the Book of Han, Ban Gu, is like gold, and the four characters of "the same as the Wuqiang" indicate the position of Loulan as a branch of the Chinese nation, because loulan's normal life still has the original style of the Xia Dynasty. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is more clearly stated:
The origin of the Western Qiang is from Sanmiao, and the surname of Jiang is also different. Its country is close to Nanyue. And the four fierceness of Shunliu, the three dangers of migration, and the southwest of Heguan Qiangdi are also. The shore is in the branch, to the head of the river, and the land is thousands of miles. The giver of the branch, the so-called branch of the Yu Gong is also. It is bordered by Shu and Han provinces in the south, and the kingdoms of Shanshan and Cheshi in the northwest. The dwelling is impermanent, and it depends on the water and grass. The land is less grainy, and the production and animal husbandry are the industry. Its common clan is indefinite, or it is based on the father's name and mother's surname. After the twelfth generation, they were married, the father did not have a wife and a mother, and the brother died and took a sister-in-law, and there were no widows and widows in the homeland, and there were many kinds. If there is no monarch, there is no phase, the strong are divided into chiefs, the weak are attached to the people, and they are more violent, and the strength is the male. Killing pays for death, there is no prohibition. Its soldiers are long in the valley, shorter than the flat ground, can not last, and the fruit is sudden, with the death of the battle as auspicious, and the illness is ominous. It is hardy to endure cold and suffering, and it is the same as the beast. Although the woman gave birth, she did not shelter from the wind and snow. Sexually strong and brave, he has the arrogance of Western gold. (The Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Biography of the Western Qiang)
Here is mentioned a creepy, discolored historical event - Shun chased three seedlings in three dangers. The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Overseas Southern Classics records that "the country of the three seedlings, the left cave court and the right Peng Li." The land of present-day Jiangzhou, Ezhou, and Yuezhou is also. Because of the rebellion against Shun's dissatisfaction with the world, Shun exiled the people of the Three Miao Kingdom to the Three Dangers Mountain.
Dunhuang
The Three Dangers Mountain, south of the Mogao Grottoes, is a barren land of the Hanhai Mountains, synonymous with hell and death.
Because of the exile, the Loulan people who went out had to gain a foothold in the "Three Dangers Land", which is the ultimate choice of any migration. The fertile land has long been occupied by the indigenous people, and if you want to gain a foothold, you have to rely on the local power and obtain the basic right to subsistence before you have the capital to express your ideological and political ideas.
From the Central Plains to Loulan, using state guarantees and being an emissary, Zhang Qian spent thirteen years, and only two of the more than 100 people finally returned safely. Historically, whether it is a departure or a return, it is the suffering of the desert tomb. Two thousand two hundred years after Lou's annoying exodus, the mighty Turks broke away from the Qing government and rushed to Tsarist Russia, but within eighty years they sought a way back. Beginning in the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong (1771 AD), the Turks began to move south from the volga river in an organized and premeditated manner. Although the equipment and food are not the same as during the Spring and Autumn Period, only 43,000 Turks have finally returned to the motherland after five years of long journeys.
I can't imagine what kind of suffering the Lou annoying people endured in the windy and snowy Spring and Autumn Warring States, and at the same time stood up from the suffering, sought survival and development on the battlefield full of swords and guns, and finally occupied a place in the western region, turning out to make the Xiongnu Mu Dun shan must show the Han Emperor Liu Heng that Lou Lan belonged to the Xiongnu.
It was the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Wen of Han, 176 BC. After three hundred years of hard work, Lou Furen had a foothold and a voice in the Western Regions. In this year, zhang Qian's target country, the Dayue clan, was completely defeated by the Xiongnu Right Sage King, and after the defeat, the Dayue clan crossed the Qilian Mountains, crossed the Dawan, far away from the Amu Darya River, defeated the Bactrian Kingdom, established the Guishang Empire, and made the Han Silk Road completely smooth, and Loulan thus became the first important node after the West Out of the Jade Gate.
Since then, the evolution from Lou Lan to Shan Shan has also demonstrated Lou's annoying wisdom and hardships, maintaining his unique and attractive existence in various forces that have caused each other to remain until the completion of the mission of the times, and then handing himself back to time, waiting for the dust to settle after the desert yellow sand is still the same.
Similarly, Lou's homeland has also been reduced to a bowl of yellow earth, but the past has been long-lasting, and their spirit has long been integrated into the blood of the Chinese nation like their brothers.
Caution eventually pursues the distance, because of the same ancestor, because of the same sky. Zhang Qian discovered Loulan and completely opened up the Silk Road. Just as Zhao Jianzi expanded its territory northward, Lou Lan was to the Han Dynasty as Lou Fu was to the Zhao State, and the power of China was once again magnified.
In ancient times, the three words Lou, Lou and 偻 were common. Just for transliteration reasons, two branches of a door have been artificially separated emotionally for two thousand years. (Author's original)