Biographies of Japanese sengoku period figures
In the long river of history, there are always some shining names, and their stories and anecdotes also lead us back to the era of blood and fire...
Kai no Tora · Shingen Takeda
This article introduces the first warrior of the Japanese Warring States can not fail to mention, his military flag is Chinese very familiar with the Sun Tzu art of war "Wind Forest Volcano" four as the true words, the Warring States Takeda family governor - Takeda Shingen (たけだ しんげん).
A hanging boy born for war
In the name Takeda Shingen, Shingen is his Dharma name, because he believes in the abbreviation of the Dharma name after Buddhism's conversion to Buddhism: "Tokuei Xuan Shingen"; and his real name is "Takeda Harunobu", and his maiden name (milk name) "Katsuchiyo".
On November 3, 1521, Takeda Shingen was born. On his birthday, his father, Takeda Nobuho, was fighting with the Imagawa family, and the name "Katsuchiyo" also had the auspicious meaning of victory.
In fact, there are better names, and the average person we don't tell him...
At that time, the old father Takeda Shinho had already unified the Kai Kingdom, but the Kai Kingdom was also a well-known poor place in history, with very little arable land, but it was unbearable to have a golden mountain!
Versailles, Versailles
★ As for how poor the Kai Kingdom really is?
Shi (dan) high: The unit of measure of grain income in Japan's territory, which belongs to the unit of volume measurement.
1 stone = 10 buckets = 100 liters = 1000 liters, about 180 liters, about 135 ~ 150 kg;
In 1600 AD, the harvest of a standard farmland in Japan was about 1.3 stones, that is, about 200 kilograms. After the Gyeongchang Inspection (1596), the entire territory of The Kai Kingdom was recorded with a height of 240,000 stones.
That is to say, after Tokugawa Ieyasu took all of Japan, the entire Kai Kingdom benefited from the water conservancy project "Shingen Causeway" built by Takeda Shingen, which was only 240,000 stones a year, about 36 million kilograms of grain;
In 1541, when Takeda Shingen had just come to power, there were constant floods in Kai, and if you calculate 70% of 240,000, you will only have 25.2 million kilograms of grain.
In ancient Japan, the agricultural tax system was implemented in many places according to the national six people four (the harvest was paid to the lord), so the Kai kingdom controlled by Takeda Shingen could only dispose of 15.12 million kilograms of grain a whole year, which was equivalent to a total of 100,800 stones; in the novel of Shohachi Yamaoka, it was written:
"When the soldiers of Kai fought in Sagami, they were surprised to find that there were no broken stones in the farmland, and they could cultivate without a plough..."
It is worth mentioning that the Xiangmi country mentioned in the novel is a small country with a land area of only half that of the Kai kingdom, but on such a limited land, it grows 80% (190,000 stones) of the total grain output of the Kai country.
So historically, the Takeda family has been desperately trying to seize the Shinano Kingdom (407,000 stones) around them, do you know why?
Takeda Shingen's upbringing
In 1533, at the age of 12, Shingen married, which was nothing more than a political marriage with no emotional basis. But a little boy in about the 5th grade of primary school, understands the emotional basis of a fart!?
In 1534, Takeda Shingen, who was about the 6th grade of elementary school, experienced the "pain of losing his wife", and the cause of death was said to be difficult childbirth...
I'm so direct good guy!!
In 1536, around the time of junior high school, Takeda Shingen, who was in the middle of junior high school, became famous in the neighboring country. Yoshimoto Imakawa (a Japanese soccer player) said that when he was 15 years old, he married his second wife.
Mrs. Sanjo
Keju Master · Yoshimoto Imakawa: I really want to have a discussion with Takato...
The new wife is called Lady Sanjo, the mother-in-law of the Sanjo family, but the famous Gongqing family in the capital is definitely a "Beijing official"! However, in Japan at that time, the Capital officials were actually very poor, and it was said that the secretary of state in the capital at that time often had to subsidize the family by selling souvenirs signed by the emperor...
"Dear, the small shop thin profit is not discounted! Kyoto, Nara, Odawara free shipping! ”
Speaking of which, Takeda Shingen has just married a new wife, this kind of happy day, but the tatami mat of the small two is not yet hot, Takeda Shingen's father · Takeda Nobuho went to war again.
In the cold winter of November 1536, Takeda Nobuho took a total of 8,000 courtiers, soldiers, and others on an expedition to attack the Uminoguchi Castle in Shinano Province, and the lord of the city, Hiraga Genshin, commanded about 3,000 defenders and was determined to resist.
Takeda family pattern: Takeda Ling; Hiraga family pattern: left Samba Maru orange pattern;
The two sides fought for more than a month, until the end of December, when Takeda Nobuho had to abandon the attack and ordered the withdrawal of his troops back to Kai.
Takeda Nobuho: It's too cold this day, go home for Christmas... Gollum hey hey hey...
At this time, the Shaodongjia who went out with the army · Takeda Shingen, however, led 300 men at night and took advantage of the night to raid Uonoko castle, not only taking the castle, but also capturing the enemy general Hiraga Genshin alive!
You're punching daddy in the face!!
Generally speaking, the son is so brave, the father must be very happy, right?
Unfortunately, the old father Takeda Nobuho felt that the child's ability was too buggy, so he gradually alienated Takeda Shingen, and even planned to make Takeda Nobuharu, Shingen's younger brother, the heir.
Arrogant to no friends, arrogant to no father will be trouble
In 1538, his father set up a name and asked Takeda Harunobu (Shingen) to "study abroad", which was actually to exile his own son. At this time, the daughter-in-law, Lady Sanjo, quickly gave birth to a big fat boy (Takeda Yoshinobu), and let Takeda Shingen as his father, avoiding the doom of going out to work.
But the conflict between takeda Shinho and Takeda Shingen between father and son seems to be unsaved.
Betrayal or whatever, it's just a routine
In 1541, the 20-year-old Takeda Harunobu (Nobunaga) finally exiled his father, Takeda Nobuho, with the help of his courtiers. He was placed under house arrest, and his manager was the matchmaker of Takeda Shingen and his wife, Mrs. Sanjo, the soccer player Yoshimoto Imagawa.
This time, even my father was locked up, probably the next few days will be worry-free, right? You guys think too much...
At the beginning, the warlike father Takeda Shinho did not like to manage internal affairs, liked to fight, and the result was that the territory of Kai was frequent, floods were frequent, harvest failures, famine and diseases for many years; which courtier dared to dissuade him, he came in a rage and cut off the door, and his men were scattered, and the surrounding tigers were looking at him;
The poor and hungry Takeda family, when there is nothing to do, they go to the Shinano kingdom next door to grab money and grain...
This time, takeshi Nobuho, who loves war, was exiled to house arrest, and a young master in his early 20s was newly put on power, and the people who were bullied in the Shinano kingdom took action one after another, taking advantage of the fact that Takeda Shingen did not have "impeccable" in his hands, and directly played the bag card of hand-
Shinano Four Less
There are four powerful local tycoons in the Shinano Kingdom——
Ogasawara Nagashi: Tōgō A. Home pattern: third-order diamond pattern
Yoshinori Kiso: Local Tycoon B. Home pattern: Sasa (ti) gentian bamboo pattern
Yoshiaki Murakami: Local Tycoon C. Home pattern: pill tattoo
Su (zou) visit Lai Zhong: Local tycoon D. Family pattern: Kaji (wei) leaf pattern [Shingen's brother-in-law]
Battle of ShiokawaKawahara · Deep malice from the brother-in-law
His brother-in-law Suwa Raishige was a relative and was the daijo (priest) of the Shinano Kuni Domain Suwa Daiyō Shrine, and as a result, this brother-in-law Suwa Rai was the first to betray the Takeda family in conjunction with outsiders (Ogasawara Nagashi). In 1541, the year he heard that his father-in-law, Takeda Shinho, had been exiled, he joined forces with the Ogasawara family to send 10,000 troops to attack his brother-in-law Takeda Shingen.
Truth in cartoons · The law that the first hand must lose
As a result, at the Shiokawa River, the 6,000 troops led by his brother-in-law Takeda Shingen were completely crushed on the ground, leaving more than 2,700 heads of flying and fleeing back to Shinano.
★ About the military service system in Japan
100 stone food supply 5 soldiers worked for a year
The above is a relatively simple rough conversion, because different daimyo collect taxes in different ways, so it cannot be considered simply according to the grain conversion. According to our previous deduction, if the Takeda family had hired all the grain (100,800 stones/ year) collected every year at that time, then the takeda family's maximum number of soldiers a year would be 5,000, and 6,000 soldiers were used in this battle with their brother-in-law, so it was already a national effort;
The following year, against the "Four Lands" coalition, the Takeda family dispatched 8,000 people, and the insufficient grain was estimated to be imported at a high price (there are gold mines in Kai)... Otherwise it is estimated that it would have gone bankrupt long ago;
Battle of Ryobihara · Large face punch scene
The defeated brother-in-law Suwa Raishige was still not dead-hearted, and this time he pulled all four of Shinano's rich men, and Suwa, Ogasawara, Kiso, and Murakami concentrated 18,000 men and attacked Takeda Shingen again the following year (1542).
But... He gave too much...
★ Takeda Shingen's secret plan?
Under the absolute inferiority of troops, Takeda Shingen adopted the strategy of repairing the boardwalk and darkening Chen Cang—ordering the soldiers to step up the construction of city defenses, dense trench antlers, and deliberately making the opponent's secret agents think that they were going to fight a defensive battle.
Finally, in the early morning, Takeda Shingen commanded the entire army of 8,000 people to rush out and attack head-on, the Shinano coalition army was caught off guard, and the casualties on the front line led to a rapid collapse in morale, leaving more than 1,600 first-class retreats to return to Shinano.
Experience the monster army!
Battle of Ankokuji · Promise betrayal promise knife betrayal lingering
In the face of this constantly harassing brother-in-law, Takeda Shingen, after defeating the "Four Lands" coalition in 1542, decided to take the initiative and sent troops to recruit Suwa Raishige.
He co-opted Suwa's family and courtiers, and Gao Yuanlai succeeded. With the assistance of the Belt Andi, takeda's army was victorious and eventually defeated the Suwa family, and in July 1542, his brother-in-law Suwa Raishige surrendered and committed suicide;
True · Infernal Affairs
In Takeda Shingen's war strategy, he always adhered to the purpose of attacking the heart first and attacking the city as the bottom, which coincided with the "Art of War of Sun Tzu". The people who bear the internal responsibilities in the Takeda army are called "first squares" in the Takeda family, that is, those who take the lead, which is the most core element of the Takeda family's war.
The key to the Battle of Anguoji Temple, Takato Raiji, was bent on replacing Suwa Raishige as the de facto controller of the Suwa region, and Shingen took advantage of this to win Takato Raiji into an internal response, so that the war situation could smoothly move towards his side.
At the end of the war, in September Shingen said to Takato Laiji: "You are half and half of me in the Suwa area", which made Takato Laiji's baby furious, and immediately rebelled against Takeda Shingen and fought by force, but it did not last until a month, just under the onslaught of Takeda Shingen, he defeated Takato Castle, and Takeda Shingen at this time exerted the powerful power of the "protagonist aura" to occupy the entire Suwa area.
Grab the land, say grab your home
Battle of Uedahara · Failure was success for his old mother
After taking the Suwa region, the most important thing is still the people's hearts, Takeda Shingen he -
1. Worship the god Suwa Daimyō as the main god of the Takeda family;
2. Married the daughter of Suwa Lai's heavy side room (little wife) as the side room;
This is a niece!!
Although there is no blood relation, you are high enough to marry your niece!
★ The "love" between Takeda Shingen and his niece?
On the matter of marrying Suwahime, in fact, Shingen and many people have different opinions, and many courtiers have said so
"As the sister's father-killer, the lord still let this girl sleep next to you, are you committing death?" Or is it death? Or is it death? ”
Eventually, Shingen agreed with Kansuke Yamamoto and allowed himself and Suwahime's heirs to rule the Suwa region in the future:
"A person who is both the bloodline of the local lord of Suwa and the bloodline of Takeda, and the management of Suwa is justified"
This lustful Shingen also got his wish (unisex eat-all, legend has it that there are 6 side chambers and 30 noshi). However, not everyone bought it, and there were still people in the Suwa region who rebelled (1546).
In 1548, Takeda Shingen had to send troops to quell the rebellion, and as a result, Murakami Yoshiaki, one of the "Four Rich Men", heard "the cry of this black sesame paste, and could no longer sit still", so he sent troops to suddenly attack Takeda Shingen, and finally got his wish and defeated the Takeda army.
Takeda Shingen was forced to withdraw from Shinano and return to Kai, where Shingen's right and left arms at the time, Itagaki Nobukata and Ganli Totaku, were killed, and Shingen himself was wounded;
After the Battle of Takeda Shingen, he 'recuperated' for 30 days at Yumura Onsen in Kofu
Battle of Shiojiri Gorge · Suwa and the Takeda family since ancient times... indivisibility...
Taking advantage of the defeat of Takeda Shingen, he retreated back to Kai Kingdom to recuperate. The courtiers who had once visited the house rebelled one after another.
Ogasawara Long Time
And another local tycoon · Ogasawara took advantage of the false occupation of the Suwa region for as long as... 2 months. Takeda Shingen immediately sent troops to expel him from the Suwa region. Murakami Yoshiaki, who was a reinforcement, was also expelled from Suwa territory to avenge his previous defeat.
In any case, the rebellion in the Suwa region was quelled
Battle of Stone City · There must be something behind it...
In order to annex all of Shinano Province, Takeda Shingen (1550) again attacked Murakami Yoshiaki.
Ogasawara Nagashi and Murakami Yoshiaki joined forces to repel Takeda Shingen's attack, and this time it was the famous defeat of the Takeda family, known in history as the "Stone Collapse".
Attack · Yukitaka Sanada
The most important gain for the Takeda family in this battle was to get the famous player in the future, Sanada Yukitaka.
Woe, blessing depends
Shinano Kingdom Hegemony · Your death stars are shining
—1551—
After the skill CD cooled down, Takeda Shingen, who had changed his equipment, sent troops again, adopting the strategy of encircling Wei to save Zhao, besieging the Ogasawara family, and inducing Murakami Yoshiaki to send troops to rescue, Sanada Nobutaka secretly attacked Murakami Yoshiaki's Stone Castle, and the main force took advantage of the situation to attack the Hirase Castle of the Ogasawara family;
—1552—
Takato Raiyoshi, who had betrayed suwa and committed suicide in defeat, and Takato Castle was incorporated into the Takeda family's territory;
—1553—
The Takeda family, who "want to be rich, build roads first", built a military road, directly attacked Murakami's house, and with the help of the military strength of the eastern daimyo Hojo, attacked Murakami Yoshiaki with one stroke of the wind;
The wheels of fate are starting to turn!
Ogasawara Nagatoshi and Murakami Yoshikiyoshi, two good friends who had lost their territory at the same time, went to takeda Shingen's fateful rival, Nagao Keisho (Uesugi Kenshin)
Dragon Fight Tiger Fight · Not Causeway Bay, no Chen Haonan
In 1553, the 32-year-old protagonist Takeda Shingen finally met his fateful opponent at this time, nagao Keinobu (Uesugi Kenshin), a daimyō from the Echigo Kingdom known as the "Dragon of Echigo", and Takeda Shingen, known as the "Tiger of Kai", fought with him a total of 5 times over the years in the "Kawanakajima area".
Battle of Kawanaka Island
The First Battle of Kawanakajima
—1553.4~1553.10—
In this battle, Takeda Shingen did not have much advantage in the face-to-face duel, but repeatedly suffered losses, and it was only at the end of the war that the surprise attack on the Uesugi reinforcements at Zenkoji-jihei made Uesugi Kenshin plant a big heel and forced him to retreat back to Echigo;
Takeda Shingen had the opportunity to sweep and control the lost territory of the Shinano Kingdom, so in terms of results, although it was a bit ugly, Takeda Shingen was the winner of this battle.
Triple Alliance · Battle for girls
After this battle with Nagao Keisho (Uesugi Kenshin), Takeda Shingen had to fall into a deep uneasiness: such an intractable elite monster, if you don't pay attention to it, you may be affected by seconds!
Being targeted by unexpected monsters...
Takeda Shingen, who had experienced countless betrayals, had to consider forming an alliance so as not to exhaust his own multi-front combat.
Its own base camp, Kai Kingdom:
It belonged to the mountainous area, today's Yamanashi Prefecture. Horses, gold mines, poor land, low productivity, and a population of about 120,000 around 1600, not to mention the reign of Takeda Shingen...
A lot of materials need to be imported, such as salt, and if imports and exports are blocked, almost 100% of the rhythm of the country is destroyed.
And the new granary Shinano Kuniku, which he had just snatched:
The manor area, the pastoral area, and today's Nagano Prefecture, were rich in horses, cattle, and timber, and the population reached 300,000 around 1600, and the population during the reign of Takeda Shingen was also relatively high, and the land was fertile and the natural environment was good.
But the tragedy is that shinano borders the surrounding 10 kingdoms, and the identity of "fat in the wolf pack" is beyond doubt. Among the surrounding forces, the only two forces that are most suitable for alliance are the Sagami Hojo family and the Suruga Imakawa family.
In 1554, under the mediation of the Imakawa family's diplomatic and strategic genius Taiyuan Yukisai (tokugawa Ieyasu and Imakawa Yoshimoto's teacher), the Takeda, Imagawa, and Hojo families formed an alliance with each other:
Loop to do pro-family matryoshka action
During the Sengoku period of Japan on Shimokō, it was ridiculous to believe in the covenant. But now, in order to concentrate on dealing with Uesugi Kenshin, the biggest enemy in his life, Takeda Shingen had to do the same.
★ The three countries have allied their own small calculations
The Imagawa family:
This time, no one behind me is harassing me, and I am going to Kyoto to become a general!
[Then, on the way to Kyoto, I was attacked by Oda Nobunaga in the barrel narrow room and hung up]
Takeda family:
This time there is no one around to harass, Uesugi! Let's fight three hundred rounds!!
[Then I played four more times on Kawanakajima... A lot of generals died...】
Hojo family:
Hum, I'll watch you make trouble, see how powerful my Hojo family secretly cursed Mishima Ruimeng!
[And then... Wait for the old dead...]
The Secrets of the Hojo Family · Mishima Ruimon:
Hojo Hayamori, the ancestor of the Hojo family, dreamed at the Mishima Shrine that a rat bit the root of two silver fir trees, and the tree fell, and the rat turned into a tiger...
As a result, the Uesugi clan, which controlled the Sagami kingdom at that time, did split into two, Hojo Hayayun and others fought civil wars, constantly acquiring and encroaching on each other's territory, and becoming stronger and bigger, and the Hojo family after that has always adhered to this strategic policy.
Amazingly, did you find out: Don't the four local tycoons of Shinano still have a Kiso family? How come there is no drama at all? This is not scientific!
The Kiso family of Shinano Kingdom
In 1555, Takeda Shingen forced The last of Shinano's rich men, Mu Yoshi, to surrender and married a daughter, and since then, the entire territory of Shinano has been acquired by Takeda Shingen!
[But speaking of which, let's look at the story from the perspective of God: After takeda Shingen's death, the Kiso family surrendered to Oda Nobunaga, and the castle of Fukushima became the most powerful springboard for Oda Nobunaga's army to attack Takeda Katsurai.
Shiro, what a tragic child you are!
And this Takeda Katsurai is the son of Takeda Shingen and his niece Suwahime... In this way, it is ironic that the only seedling of the four great local tycoons of the Shinano Kingdom turned out to be the hero of the final destruction of the Takeda family.
The picture material in the text is all from the network, do not believe that you Baidu to see... Let's Wait for the Warring States · Takeda Shingen's second half story of life!